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1、篇章练习IEmma生物类I.Contentsinvolved涉及内容(1)动物的生活习性livinghabits(2)基因/器官的研究researchesongenesandorgans(3)植物的典型机能活动e.g.,chlorophyllandphotosynthesisII.Strategies策略(1)扩充背景知识(生物学)e.g.,鸟类/昆虫如何繁殖及建造自己洞穴(2)背单词,尤指专业术语(3)训练较复杂句型(alsowithprofessionalphrasesinthem)生物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇I.动物mammal哺乳动物antelope(n.)羚羊kangaroo(n.
2、)袋鼠leopard(n.)豹joey(n.)小袋鼠elephant(n.)大象koala(n.)树袋熊，考拉zebra(n.)斑马brownbear(n.)棕熊rabbit(n.)兔子polarbear(n.)北极熊rhino(n.)犀牛panda(n.)熊猫hippo(n.)河马dinosaur(n.)恐龙squirrel(n.)松鼠生物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇I.动物goat(n.)山羊sheep(n.)绵羊camel(n.)骆驼bat(n.)蝙蝠marinemammal海洋哺乳动物shark(n.)鲨鱼dolphin(n.)海豚whale(n.)鲸鱼bluewhale(n.)蓝鲸ki
3、llerwhale(n.)虎鲸minkewhale(n.)小须鲸spermwhale(n.)抹香鲸Northernrightwhale(n.)北露脊鲸生物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇I.动物seaotter(n.)海獭birdspecies禽类pigeon(n.)鸽子falcon(n.)游隼，猎鹰hawk(n.)隼，鹰parrot(n.)鹦鹉penguin(n.)企鹅emu(n.)鸸鹋ostrich(n.)鸵鸟insect昆虫kaka(n.)卡卡啄羊鹦鹉(新西兰的一种橄榄色鹦鹉)wasp(n.)黄蜂bee(n.)蜜蜂生物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇I.动物reptile爬行动物lizard(n.)
4、蜥蜴chameleon(n.)变色龙amphibian两栖动物crocodile(n.)鳄鱼frog(n.)青蛙toad(n.)蟾蜍herring(n.)鲱鱼whiting(n.)牙鳕oceanurchin(n.)海胆jellyfish(n.)水母spider(n.)蜘蛛lobster(n.)龙虾植物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇II.植物marineforest(n.)海底森林kelpforest(n.)海草林，巨藻林pinetree(n.)松树pepper(n.)胡椒passionfruit(n.)西番莲子garlic(n.)大蒜ginger(n.)姜pea(n.)豌豆lentil(n.)扁豆
5、lettuce(n.)莴苣，生菜spinach(n.)菠菜celery(n.)芹菜cauliflower(n.)花椰菜，菜花broccoli(n.)西兰花aubergine/eggplant(n.)茄子典型篇章A Remarkable Beetle 一种值得注意的甲虫相关背景知识：种群分布：蜣螂dungbeetle,俗称屎壳郎,主要以动物粪便为食,有“自然界清道夫”的称号。主要行为活动为钻进牛粪里的虫类，可以将粪便滚动成球状，推行向前。世界上有2万多种蜣螂，分布在南极洲以外的任何一块大陆。最著名的蜣螂（圣甲虫）生活在埃及，有12.5厘米长。世界上最大的蜣螂是10厘米长的巨蜣螂。典型篇章A Re
6、markable Beetle 一种值得注意的甲虫相关背景知识：进食规律在非洲大草原上，当雨季雨后的第四天夜里，成千上万只蜣螂就会从地面钻出来。大雨过后，大象贪婪地享用着新生的植物，可是消化系统难以承受这突然增大的负荷，不少吞下去的食物又奉还到地面上。巨蜣螂是蜣螂中体形最大的一种，它的食物来源主要依靠大象的粪便。每天，大象们在平原上留下数百吨象粪，后面跟随着蜣螂大军。一部分象粪被埋入地下，蜣螂的劳动使得土地肥活起来。这是一个循环往复的过程，巨蜣螂在其中担负着重要的角色。典型篇章A Remarkable Beetle 一种值得注意的甲虫相关背景知识：生物链中意义：因为能加速使粪便转变为其他生物能
7、利用的物质的过程，所以对人类有益。农业用途蜣螂可以清理动物的粪便，抑制其他以粪便为食的害虫，以及减少排放的温室气体。在澳大利亚，原有的蜣螂品种只喜爱食用小粒的粪便如袋鼠粪，而不喜欢外来的牛、羊的粪便。从 19651985 年，澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织在 George Bornemissza 博士领导下，开始了澳大利亚蜣螂计划，成功的从世界各地引进 23 个品种的蜣螂，其中显著的品种有 Onthophagus gazella 和 Euoniticellus intermedius。结果改善了澳大利亚的牧场的粪便堆积问题，同时减少了约 90% 有害的丛林飞蝇。典型篇章例题讲解Question
8、：DothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinReadingPassage1?In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet write YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this典型篇章例题讲解
9、SCAN & LOCATE1.Bushfliesareeasiertocontrolthanbuffaloflies.语言信号词comparison,表示比较关系两处名词作为相对于本文主人公dungbeetles是一个newconcept对应文中第二段：Australias native dung beetles are scrub and woodlanddwellers, specialising in coarse marsupial droppings andavoidingthesoftcattledunginwhichbushfliesandbuffalofliesbreed.但无
10、beeasierthan的比较概念，故答案为：NOTGIVEN典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE2.FourthousandspeciesofdungbeetlewereinitiallybroughttoAustraliabytheCSIRO.specificinformation之number:fourthousandtime(date):initially表示一开始,时间程度早place:Australia国家也是地名(the)CSIRO:特殊写法之大写,特定称呼对应文中第三段：典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE对应文中第三段：Intheearly1960sGeorgeB
11、ornemissza0thenascientistattheAustralian Governments premier research organisation, theCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation(CSIRO),suggestedthatdungbeetlesshouldbeintroducedtoAustralia to control dung-breeding flies. Between 1968 and1982,theCSIROimportedinsectsfromabout50(与4000严重不
12、符！)differentspeciesofdungbeetle,fromAsia,EuropeandAfrica, aiming to match them to different climatic zones inAustralia.Of the26 species thatareknown tohavebecomesuccessfullyintegratedintothelocalenvironment,onlyone,anAfricanspeciesreleasedinnorthernAustralia,hasreacheditsnaturalboundary.故答案为NO典型篇章例题
13、讲解SCAN & LOCATE3.DungbeetleswerebroughttoAustraliabytheCSIROoverafourteen-yearperiod.specificinformation之time(date):afourteen-yearperiod进一步修饰时间程度之深浅:over另:place和特定组织仍稍作留意对应文中第三段：典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE对应文中第三段：Intheearly1960s(超过了14years)GeorgeBornemissza0thenascientist at the Australian Governments pre
14、mier researchorganisation, the Commonwealth Scientific and IndustrialResearch Organisation (CSIRO), suggested that dung beetlesshould be introduced to Australia to control dung-breedingflies. Between 1968 and 1982 (超过了14 years), the CSIROimported insects from about 50 different species of dungbeetle
15、,fromAsia,EuropeandAfrica,aimingtomatchthemtodifferentclimaticzonesinAustralia.Ofthe26speciesthatareknowntohavebecomesuccessfullyintegratedintothelocalenvironment,onlyone,anAfricanspeciesreleasedinnorthernAustralia,hasreacheditsnaturalboundary.故答案为YES典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE4.Atleasttwenty-sixoftheintr
16、oducedspecieshavebecomeestablishedinAustralia.specificinformation之number:twenty-six进一步修饰时间程度之深浅:atleastplace(Australia)也稍作留意另:句中动词(havebeenestablished)也稍作留意(同义句转化)对应文中第三段：典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE对应文中第三段：Intheearly1960s(超过了14years)GeorgeBornemissza0thenascientist at the Australian Governments premier re
17、searchorganisation, the Commonwealth Scientific and IndustrialResearch Organisation (CSIRO), suggested that dung beetlesshould be introduced to Australia to control dung-breedingflies. Between 1968 and 1982 (超过了14 years), the CSIROimported insects from about 50 different species of dungbeetle,fromAs
18、ia,EuropeandAfrica,aimingtomatchthemtodifferentclimaticzonesinAustralia.Ofthe26speciesthatareknownto(表示所知范围内,还有不被知晓的,故大于等于26)havebecome successfully integrated into the local environment,onlyone,anAfricanspeciesreleasedinnorthernAustralia,hasreacheditsnaturalboundary.故答案为YES典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE5.Th
19、edungbeetlescauseanimmediateimprovementtothequalityofacowpasture.specificinformation之有特定定语修饰的名词结构(adj.+n.),为文中新引入的概念(newconcept).对应文中第四段：故答案为NOIntroducing dung beetles into a pasture is a simple process:approximately1,500beetlesarereleased,ahandfulatatime,intofreshcow pats in the cow pasture. The beetles immediately disappearbeneaththepatsdiggingandtunnelingand,iftheysuccessfullyadapttotheirnewenvironment,soonbecomeapermanent,self-sustainingpartofthelocalecology.Intimetheymultiplyandwithinthreeorfouryears(根据文中意思,3-4年才见效。不是immediate)thebenefitstothepastureareobvious.
