《学术英语人文Unit1》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《学术英语人文Unit1（81页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、学术英语学术英语 人文人文Academic English for HumanitiesUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureLead-inTextATextBTextCAcademicLanguageandDiscourseListeningSpeakingWritingUnit ContentsLead-inLead-inactivitiesSupplementaryinformationUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureWhat is literature?Choosefromthefollowingformsofwritingwhatcanbec
2、ountedasliterature:newsreportnovelresearchpaperdiarypoemletterLead-inActivitiesUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureHowdoyoumakethechoice?(Whatmakesyoutreatsomethingasliteraturewhiledismissingothersasnon-literature?)What is literature?Manycollegeprofessors,upholdingatraditionalstandardofliteraryquality,belie
3、vethatstudentsshouldreadworkswhoseartisticmerithasbeenestablishedovertheyears.However,somehavebeguntoquestiontheverynotionofliteraryqualityandthenotionofwhatisliterature.Therehavebeenanincreasingnumberofstudiesofwritersmainlyforwhattheyhavetosayratherthanhowwelltheysayit.Unit 1 The Art of Literature
4、Lead-inSupplementary informationThehistoricalandsocialimpactofworksisgainingimportance,whiletheonce-honoredstandardssuchasgraceofstyleandoriginalityofexpressionhavebeendowngraded.Literature as defined in dictionarieslstories,poemsandplays,especiallythosethatareconsideredtohavevalueasartandnotjustent
5、ertainment(MacMillan Dictionary)lwritingsinproseorverse;especiallywritingshavingexcellenceofformorexpressionandexpressingideasofpermanentoruniversalinterest (Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary,11thEdition)Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureLead-inSupplementary informationLiterature as defined in dictionari
6、esUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureLead-inSupplementary informationlwrittenartisticworks,especiallythosewithahighandlastingartisticvalue(Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary)lwrittenworks,especiallythoseconsideredofsuperiororlastingartisticmerit(Compact Oxford English Dictionary)Unit 1 The Art of Liter
7、atureTextATheScopeandContentofLiteratureClassroomactivitiesSupplementaryinformationSuggestedanswerkeyThe Scope and Content of LiteraturelDoTask1CriticalReadingandThinkingP7lSummarizeTextAonthebasisofyouranswerstoTask1CriticalReadingandThinkingP7ScopeofliteratureContentofliteraturelWorkinpairstocompa
8、reyouranswerstothequestionsinTask2CriticalReadingandThinkingP8Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText AClassroom activitiesThe Scope and Content of LiteraturelTheoriginalarticle“TheArtofLiterature”Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationTextAisadaptedfromthearticle“TheArtofLiterature”,wr
9、ittenbyKennethRexroth.Theoriginalarticleconsistsofsevenparts:1.thescopeofliterature2.literarycomposition3.contentofliterature4.literatureanditsaudience5.literatureanditsenvironment6.literarygenres7.writingsonliteratureThe Scope and Content of LiteraturelTheMusesInGreekmythology,poetryandliterature,M
10、usesarethegoddesseswhoinspirethecreationofliteratureandthearts.Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationCalliope:Museofheroicorepicpoetry(oftenholdingastylusandwaxtablets)Clio:Museofhistory(oftenholdingaparchmentscrollorasetoftablets)Erato:Museoflyricandlovepoetry(oftenplayingalyre
11、)Euterpe:Museofmusicorflutes(oftenplayingaflute)Melpomene:Museoftragedy(oftenholdingatragicmask)Polymnia:Museofsacredsongandoratory(oftenwithapensivelook)Terpsichore:Museofdancingandchoralsong(oftendancingandholdingalyre)Thalia:Museofcomedy(oftenholdingacomicmask)Urania:Museofastronomy(oftenholdinga
12、globe)The Scope and Content of LiteraturelClassicsurveysofhistoryasnobleexamplesoftheartofliteratureUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationThe History of the Peloponnesian War waswrittenbyancientGreekhistorianThucydides,who,asanAtheniangeneral,servedinthewar.Somescholarsviewthewo
13、rkasanobjectiveandscientificaccountofthepast,writtenfromapurelyintellectualpointofview.Butsomeunderstanditasapieceofliterature,inwhichtheauthoris“anartistwhorespondsto,selectsandskillfullyarrangeshismaterial,anddevelopsitssymbolicandemotionalpotential”.Oneexample:History of the Peloponnesian WarThe
14、Scope and Content of LiteraturelEssaysUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationananalytic,interpretative,orcriticalliterarycompositionFrancisBaconsessays,publishedinbookformin1597,1612,1625,werethefirstworksinEnglishthatdescribedthemselvesasessays.The Scope and Content of Literatur
15、el DialoguesbyPlatoUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationPlato(428/427BC348/347BC),thegreatestphilosopherandmathematicianofancientGreece,wroteextensively.Mostofhiswritingtakestheformofdialogues,inwhichseveralcharactersargueatopicbyaskingquestionsofeachother.ThisformallowsPlatoto
16、raisevariouspointsofviewandletthereaderdecidewhichisvalid.Thesubjectsofdialoguesrangefromphilosophy,logic,rhetorictomathematics.The Scope and Content of Literaturel DialoguesbyPlatoUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationPlatowasapupilofSocrates,whoappearsasacharacterinmanyofthedi
17、alogues.FollowingthedeathofSocrates,Platotravelledwidelyinsearchoflearning.AftertwelveyearshereturnedtoAthensandfoundedhisAcademy,whichisoftendescribedasthefirstEuropeanuniversity.ThesubjectsofferedintheAcademyincludedastronomy,biology,mathematics,politicaltheory,andphilosophy.AmongPlatospupilswasAr
18、istotle.The Scope and Content of Literaturel MeditationsbyMarcusAureliusUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationMeditationsisaseriesofpersonalwritingsbyRomanEmperorMarcusAurelius(121-180).Itconsistsofreflectionsjotteddownbytheemperoratoddmoments,whilehewasoncampaign.Theentriesappe
19、artobeinnoparticularorderandmaysimplybeintheoriginalorderofcomposition.Theyrecordthepassingthoughts,themaxims,themusingsonlifeanddeath,andStoicphilosophy.AccordingtoMeditations,oneshouldavoidindulgenceinsensoryaffections,andthisskillcanfreeamanfromthepainsandpleasuresofthematerialworld,andtheonlyway
20、amancanbeharmedbyothersistoallowhisreactiontooverpowerhim.Thestyleofthewritingsisstraightforwardandplain,buttheMeditationsisregardedbymanyas“unendinglymovingandinspiring”.l Natural History and Antiquities of SelbourneUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationGilbertWhite(1720-1793)w
21、asanEnglishnaturalist,ornithologist,andapioneerofthestudyofbirdsandanimalsintheirnaturalhabitats,ratherthanasspecimens.Thismethodofobservationenabledhimtoidentifyandrecordmanypreviouslyunknownspecies.In1789,hepublishedhisNatural History and Antiquities of Selborne asonevolume.Itwasacompilationoflett
22、erstozoologistThomasPennantandbarristerDainesBarrington,twoleadingfiguresoftheRoyalSociety.Intheletters,Whitediscussedhisobservationsandtheoriesaboutthelocalfaunaandflorainacharmingandimmediateway.Hepicturedhimselfaswellaswhathesaw.ThebookisoneofthemostpublishedintheEnglishlanguageandithasneverbeeno
23、utofprint.l OratoryoftheAmericanIndianUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationAmericanIndianswerehistoricallyanoralpeople.Forexample,manytoldtheirhistoriesbyoraltradition.Achiefofatribereliedonpersuasionratherthanforcetoleadhispeople.Utilizingnaturalmetaphors,Indianspeecheswerewel
24、lcalculatedtoimpresstheirtargetaudiences.The Scope and Content of LiteratureThe Scope and Content of Literaturel CicerosinfluenceonthedevelopmentofEnglishprosestyleUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationCicerohadaclosestudyoftherhythmsthatwerelikelytoappealtoanaudience.Hewasthere
25、alcreatorofthe“periodicsentence”style,inwhichthesentencestendtobeperiodicandphraseisbalancedagainstphrase,withsubordinateclauseswovenintoacomplexsentence.Forexample,For the queen, the lover, pleading always at the hearts door, patiently waits. ThenormalorderofthesentenceisAlwayspleadingattheheartsdo
26、or,theloverwaitspatientlyforthequeen.Theperiodicstyleismoreexoticandarguablymorepoetic.The Scope and Content of LiteraturelTheGettysburgAddressUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationOnNovember19,1863,atthededicationofamilitarycemeteryatGettysburg,Pennsylvania,duringtheAmericanCiv
27、ilWar,PresidentAbrahamLincolndeliversoneofthemostmemorablespeechesinAmericanhistorytheGettysburgAddressfewerthan300words,deliveredover2-3minutes.The Scope and Content of LiteraturelCollectiveunconsciousUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary information“Collectiveunconscious”isatermofanalyti
28、calpsychologyintroducedbyCarlJung(1875-1961),aSwisspsychiatristandthefounderofanalyticalpsychology.Itrepresentsaformoftheunconsciouscommontohumanbeingsasawholeandrelatedtotheinheritedstructureofthebrain.Itinfluencesallofourexperiences,behaviorsandemotions,butweonlyknowaboutitindirectly,bylookingatth
29、eeffects.Forexample,loveatfirstsight,thefeelingthatyouhavebeensomewherebefore,theimmediaterecognitionofcertainsymbols,thecreativeexperiencessharedbyartists,andthestrikingsimilaritiesofdreams,fairytalesandmythologiesallovertheworld,couldallbeunderstoodastheeffectsofthecollectiveunconscious.l The Drea
30、m of the Red ChamberUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationl The Dream of the Red ChamberUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationThe Dream of the Red Chamber (红楼梦),orThe Story of the Stone (石头记),isthegreatestmasterpieceofChineseclassicalnovelsoftheMingandQingdy
31、nasties.Theworkiscomprisedof120chapters,thefirst80ofwhichwerewrittenbyCaoXueqin.(GaoEadded40additionalchapterstocompletethenovel.ThenoveldetailsthedeclineofthewealthyandaristocraticJiaclan.RevolvingaroundJiaBaoyuandthetragiclovebetweenhimandLinDaiyu,itportraystheruinoflove,youthandlife,andexposesthe
32、rootofthetragedythefeudalsystem.l The Dream of the Red ChamberUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASupplementary informationThenovelisremarkableforitscreationofcharacterswithdistinctivepersonality,greatculturalrichness,andpreciseobservationofthelifeandsocietyofthe18th-centuryChina.Itssuccessalsoliesini
33、tswrittenvernacularlanguage(ratherthanclassicalChinese),whichhasproducedaprofoundimpactonthedevelopmentofChinesenovels.lTask2/PointsfordiscussionP8Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASuggested answer keySuggestedanswertoQ1:Literatureisagreatmediumtoreflectthehumancondition,culturalandhistoricalvalues,
34、andtoexpressfeelingsandthoughts.Someofthemostcommonthemesinliteratureare:therelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandNaturetheindividualinsociety(e.g.mansstruggleagainstsocietalpressure)humannaturehumanrelationship(e.g.love,hatred,etc.)personalgrowth(e.g.overcomingadversity)deathMajorformsofhumanexpressioni
35、ncludelanguage,literature,music,visualart,cinema,drama,history,andphilosophy.Cavepaintingsareperhapsoneoftheoldestformsofhumanexpression.Theycouldeitherrecordwhathadbeencaughtonhuntingtripsorexpresswhatthehunterswouldliketocatchinthefuture.lTask2/PointsfordiscussionP8Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText
36、 ASuggested answer keySuggestedanswertoQ2:(Suggestedanswertothefirstquestion:Howdoyouunderstandtheselines?)Artisticmeritreferstothejudgmentoftheperceivedqualityorvalueofculturalproductsasworksofart.Apieceofwritingisconsideredashavingartisticmeritifithashighqualityandsomeaestheticvalue.However,itisha
37、rdtodefinetheexactnatureofartisticmeritbecausethepreferredstandardsmayvaryacrosstimeandplace.Agreatwriterissomeonewhocanattainartisticmeritalmosteffortlesslyandnaturally.(Youmayagreeordisagreewiththeauthor,butyouneedtogiveyourreasons.)lTask2/PointsfordiscussionP8Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASug
38、gested answer keySuggestedanswertoQ3:Totestwhetheradvertisingcopywriting,apurelycommercialfiction,orcinemaandtelevisionscriptisanacceptedformofliteraryexpression,oneneedstojudgewhetherthatparticularformcanbringlong-lastingsatisfactionandconveytheverytruthofhumanbeingsandtheworld.lTask2/Pointsfordisc
39、ussionP8Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASuggested answer keySuggestedanswertoQ4:Itcannotbedeniedthatchangesaretakingplacecontinuously,inpeopleslife,ideology,science,technology,environment,etc.However,therearecertainuniversalandconstantissuesthattranscendrace,gender,creedandculture,andtheyarerecurr
40、ingthemesinliterature.Forexample,love,hatred,fear,family,honor,deceitandpeace.Thesamepatternsgoonandon.lTask2/PointsfordiscussionP8Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASuggested answer keySuggestedanswertoQ5:Integrationofpersonalityreferstopositivechangesinonespersonality,forexample,becomingemotionally
41、mature,gettingadjustedtotheenvironment,beingabletocopewithinnerconflict,etc.Disintegrationofpersonalityreferstounfavorablepersonalitychanges.Thismayoccurwhensomeonefacesaseriesofcrises:jobloss,marriagefailure,healthproblem,etc.lTask2/PointsfordiscussionP8Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASuggested a
42、nswer keySuggestedanswertoQ6:OnenotableexampleistheimageofDaiyuburyingtheflowers(inChapter27).Oneday,DaiyuisoverwhelmedbymelancholyafteraquarrelwithBaoyu.Herinnersadnessisreflectedbyherbehavior.Shegoestoahillside,buriessomefallenpetalsthere,weepsatthedeadpetalsandevencreatesalongpoemforthefadingflow
43、ers.InChapter108,whenBaoyuthinksofDaiyu,tearswellupinhiseyes,andheslipsawaytotheGarden.Thedescriptionofthebleakgardenandmiserablesceneshowshissorrowoverthedecliningfamily.Thepoemscreatedbythecharactersinthenovelarealsoperfectreflectionsoftheirpersonality.Forexample,thefollowingpoemcomposedbyDaiyu(in
44、Chapter37)impliesherownpersonality-unconventional,emotional,pronetomelancholicspells.lTask2/PointsfordiscussionP8Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText ASuggested answer key半卷湘帘半掩门，半卷湘帘半掩门，碾冰为土玉为盆。碾冰为土玉为盆。偷来梨蕊三分白，偷来梨蕊三分白，借得梅花一缕魂。借得梅花一缕魂。月窟仙人缝缟袂，月窟仙人缝缟袂，秋闺怨女拭啼痕。秋闺怨女拭啼痕。娇羞默默同谁诉，娇羞默默同谁诉，倦倚西风夜已昏。倦倚西风夜已昏。Besid
45、ethehalf-raisedblind,thehalf-closeddoor,crushediceforearthandwhitejadeforpot.Threepartsofwhitenessfromthepear-treestolen,Onepartfromplumforscent(whichpearhasnot).Moon-maidensstitchedthemwithwhitesilkenthread,andvirginstearsthenew-madeflowersdidspot，whichnow,likebashfulmaidsthatnowordsay,leanlanguido
46、nthebreezeatcloseofday.（translatedbyDavidHawkes）SuggestedanswertoQ6:anexamplefromThe Dream of the Red ChamberUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureTextBIntroducingCreativeWritingClassroomactivitiesSupplementaryinformationSuggestedanswerkeyIntroducing Creative WritinglWhatisthegirldoing?Unit 1 The Art of Liter
47、atureText BClassroom activitieslHowisthepicturerelatedtothemainideaofTextB?Introducing Creative WritinglReadaloudthefamousquotesbyHemingway,MooreandFranceinTextB,andworkinpairstoshareyourunderstandingUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BClassroom activitieslDiscussthequestionsinTask2/Criticalreadingand
48、thinkingP15lGivea2-minutepresentationonyourfindingsinResearchingP15Introducing Creative WritinglErnestHemingway(1899-1961)andhisIcebergTheoryUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSupplementary informationIntroducing Creative Writingbeganhiswritingcareerasajournalistdeletingirrelevantandsuperfluousmatter
49、creatingasurfacestoryinwhichhemerelyhintedatorevenskippedthepointofthestoryasobjectiveandhonestaspossibleshortsimplesentences,largelyofnounsandverbs.simpledialogues&simpleuseofdialoguesunderstatementconveyinggreatironyUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSupplementary informationlErnestHemingwayandhisI
50、cebergTheoryIntroducing Creative WritingIfawriterofproseknowsenoughofwhatheiswritingabouthemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswriting truly enough, will have a feeling of those things asstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofmovementofanice-bergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbei
51、ngabovewater. Awriterwhoomitsthingsbecausehedoesnotknowthemonlymakeshollowplacesinhiswriting.byErnestHemingway(inDeath in the Afternoon) Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSupplementary informationlErnestHemingwayandhisIcebergTheoryIntroducing Creative WritingMarianneMoore(1887-1972)wasanAmericanMode
52、rnistpoetandwriter.AmonghermanyhonorsweretheBollingenprize,theNationalBookAward,andthePulitzerPrize.Heruseoflanguagewasalwayscondensedandprecise,capableofsuggestingavarietyofideasandassociationswithinasingle,compactimage.“PickingandChoosing”isapoemaboutcriticism.AccordingtoMarianneMoore,“Agenuineach
53、ievementincriticismisanachievementincreation.”Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSupplementary informationlMarianneMooreandher“PickingandChoosing”Introducing Creative WritingAtthebeginningofthepoem,Mooretellscriticsthetemptationstoovercome:Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSupplementary informationLi
54、teratureisaphaseoflife:ifoneisafraidofit,thesituationisirremediable;ifoneapproachesitfamiliarly,whatonesaysofitisworthless.Wordsareconstructivewhentheyaretrue;theopaqueallusionthesimulatedflightupwardaccomplishesnothing.lMarianneMooreandher“PickingandChoosing”Introducing Creative WritinglAnatoleFran
55、ceUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSupplementary informationAnatoleFrance(1844-1924)isoftenregardedasthegreatestFrenchwriterofthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.HewaselectedtotheFrenchAcademyin1896andwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1921,inrecognitionofhisliteraryachievements.Hisworksareremarkab
56、leforthefocusonsocialjusticeandforthewitty,satiricalwritingstyle.Hisbest-rememberedwork:Lle des Pingouins(1908,tr.Penguin Island,1909)(whichsatirizeshumannaturebydepictingthetransformationofpenguinsintohumans)Task2/PointsfordiscussionP15Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSuggested answer keyThink of
57、an empty page as open space. - Asthefirstsentenceofthetext,itinitiatesusintotheworldofwriting(onanemptypage).Italsoilluminatesthecentralideaofthetext-Awritershouldregardanemptypageasanopenspacewhereeverythingisendlesslypossible.Think of that open space as an empty page. - Thisisthelastsentenceofthet
58、ext.Theauthorintentionallyechoesthefirstsentence,withasubtlechangeofwordorder,i.e.,moving“openspace”aheadof“emptypage”.Theforwardingof“openspace”enablesthesentencetobecloselytiedtotheprevioussentence,whichisaboutstartingajourney:I hope that you have already begun the journey. If so, then everything
59、is possible, at this point endlessly possible.SuggestedanswertoQ1:Task2/PointsfordiscussionP15Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSuggested answer keyAccordingtoTextB,awritercreatesafour-dimensionalfabric(spaceandtime).Andthereaderistheco-creator,wholivesinapsychologicalfifthdimensionwhilereading.Writ
60、ingandreadingarecollaborativeacts,wherereadersparticipateinthecreationandmaybeaffectedfortherestoftheirlives.Andthiscollaborationrequirestrustbetweenthereaderandthewriter.SuggestedanswertoQ2:Task2/PointsfordiscussionP15Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText BSuggested answer keyApersonmaypossesssomeinborn
61、qualitiesasagoodwriter.Buttobeagreatwriter,he/sheneedstoworkhardtobuildthosequalities,nurturethemandmakethemstronger.Forexample,thewritershouldlearntobecomeagreatshaperoflanguage,agreatreaderand,mostofall,agreatperson.SuggestedanswertoQ3:Task2/PointsfordiscussionP15Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText B
62、Suggested answer keySometimesthewritingprocessgoessmoothly,butsometimesitcouldbestumblingandevenhelpless.Therefore,awritershouldlearntostudyhisownweaknessesandflawsandbecommittedtowritingregardlessofobstacles.SuggestedanswertoQ4:Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureTextCTypesofLiterature:theGenresClassroomac
63、tivitiesSuggestedanswerkeyTypes of Literature: the GenreslWorkinsmallgroupstoshareyouranswerstothetaskinTextC.P17Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText CClassroom activitieslMypersonalfavoriteworks(foryourinformation)Types of Literature: the GenresUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureText CClassroom activities lDi
64、scussthefollowingquestion:TextAandTextCadoptverydifferentapproacheswhendealingwiththesameissueformsofliterature.Whatisthedifference?Types of Literature: the GenresSuggestedanswer:Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText CClassroom activities TextC:typicalclassificationofliterature TextA:thescopeofliterature
65、&adetailedhistoricalanalysisTask/TypesofLiterature:theGenresP17Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureText CSuggested answer keyGenresMyfavoriteworksProsefictionNovelDavid Copperfield (byCharlesDickens)Shortstory“TheLegacy”(byVirginiaWoolf)MythCreatingmythconcerningthefoundingofChineseculture,e.g.aboutPangusep
66、aratingtheworldintoHeavenandEarth,orNvwamendingtheskyParableParablesfromChineseclassicalliterature,e.g.“Oldmanmovesamountain”RomancePride and Prejudice (byJaneAusten)EpicWar and Peace (byLeoTolstoy)Poetry“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”(byWilliamWordsworth)DramaA Midsummer Nights Dream(byWilliamShakespeare
67、)Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademicLanguageandDiscourseSpecializedvocabularySignpostlanguageFormalEnglishSupplementaryinformationSuggestedanswerkeySpecialized VocabularylDoTask1/Languagebuilding-upandcheckyouranswers.P9Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseFindliteraturetermsi
68、nTextCandthencompletethefollowingtableaccordingtoTextC.Imaginativeliterature1)_Thecommonformsinclude_.2)PoetryPoetryreliesheavilyon_.3)Drama/playSomedramasemploymuchofthe_ofpoetry.Specialized VocabularylSuggestedanswer:Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseImaginativeliterature1
69、)prosefiction/narrativefictionThecommonformsincludenovel,shortstory,myth,parable,romance,epic,etc.2)PoetryPoetryreliesheavilyonimagery,figurativelanguage,rhythm,sound.3)Drama/playSomedramasemploymuchoftheimagery,rhythm,soundofpoetry.Signpost LanguagelDoTask2/Languagebuilding-upandcheckyouranswers.P1
70、0lDiscusstheeffectsofparentheticalstatements.Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourselFindparentheticalstatementsinTextB.Signpost LanguagelEffectsofparentheticalstatements:Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourselSupplementaryInformationinsertextrainformationwit
71、houtcreatinganewsentence.catchthereadersattentioninterruptthenormalflowofasentence,thuscreatingavarietyinsentencerhythm.slowdownthedevelopmentofasentence,whichmighthelptocreateasenseofsuspension.Formal EnglishlDoLanguagebuilding-upTask3andcheckyouranswers.P10Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic lang
72、uage and discourselReadthefollowingsentencesandfindoneformalwordfromeachsentence:1.Ifmattersareleftunexplained,untold,orthelanguageofapoemisellipticallyeconomicalwithoutbecomingopaque,theninquiringreaderswillleantowardsthatworld.(Para.6,TextB)2.Tosome,writingremainsanartifice,agameeven,anditisasmost
73、thingsare,asallofusaresomethingmadeorplayedupon.(Para.9,TextB)3.Literatureisaphaseoflife.Ifoneisafraidofit,thesituationisirremediable;ifoneapproachesitfamiliarly,whatonesaysisworthless.(Para.11,TextB)Formal EnglishUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseSuggestedanswers:1.Ifmatter
74、sareleftunexplained,untold,orthelanguageofapoemisellipticallyeconomicalwithoutbecomingopaque,theninquiringreaderswillleantowardsthatworld.(Para.6,TextB)2.Tosome,writingremainsanartifice,agameeven,anditisasmostthingsare,asallofusaresomethingmadeorplayedupon.(Para.9,TextB)3.Literatureisaphaseoflife.If
75、oneisafraidofit,thesituationisirremediable;ifoneapproachesitfamiliarly,whatonesaysisworthless.(Para.11,TextB)Formal EnglishUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourselReplacethered-coloredwordswithmoreneutralones:1.Ifindherpoetryratheropaque.2.Theyemployednumerousartificeforthepurpos
76、eofescapingfrominquiry.3.Thereareseveralobviousflawsintheproject,whichareirremediable.Formal EnglishUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseSuggestedanswers:1.Ifindherpoetryratheropaque.(hardtounderstand)2.Theyemployednumerousartificeforthepurposeofescapingfrominquiry.(elaboratetr
77、icks)3.Thereareseveralobviousflawsintheproject,whichareirremediable.(impossibletocorrect)Formal EnglishlSupplementaryInformationUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseFormalEnglishInformalEnglishItisusedinofficial,literary,academicwriting,orformalsocialevents.It is used in everyd
78、ay personalconversationsorletterstofriends.Itismorecommonlyusedinwritingthanspeech.It is more commonly used ineverydayspeechthaninwriting.Sentencesareoftenlongandcomplex. Sentences are often short andsimple.Contractionsareavoided.Contractionsarecommon.The passive voice is often used,makingitsoundimp
79、ersonal.Theactivevoiceisoftenused.MuchvocabularyderivedfromFrenchandLatinisused.Vocabulary derived from FrenchandLatinisnotused.Colloquial terms, slangs and manyphrasalverbsareavoided.Colloquialterms,slangsand manyphrasalverbsarecommon.Formal EnglishlSupplementaryInformationUnit 1 The Art of Literat
80、ureAcademic language and discourseFormalEnglishInformalEnglishTheresearchersidentifiedtheimportantproperties.Doctorshaveestablishedanewmethod.ThisappearedtorectifytheproblemHiswordsdemonstratethatDetailsofthereportaretobefoundonpage26.Theexperimentwascarriedout/performed.Theresearchersfoundoutwhatth
81、eimportantthingswere.Doctorshavecomeupwithanewmethod.ThisseemedtofixtheproblemHiswordsshowthatYoucanfindoutallaboutthereportonpage26.Theydidanexperiment.Someexamples:Discourse analysis of Text AlDiscussthefollowing:Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseThescopeofliteraturecovers
82、awiderangeofforms.1.Howdoestheauthorordertheformsintheanalysis?2.Howdoeshemanagetodiscussmiscellaneousformsinaclear,logicalandcoherentway?lSupplementaryInformationDiscourse analysis of Text AUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseSuggestedanswer:Sortingoutmiscellaneousformsoflite
83、raturelSupplementaryInformationTheauthorofTextAdiscussesmiscellaneousformsofliteratureinaclearandcoherentway.Hebeginswiththepurestformofliteraturepoetry.Andthenmovesontoothertypicalformsofliteraturenovelsanddramas.Whenheanalyzesmorecontroversialforms,hewritesoneparagraphforeachform,providingmoredeta
84、ilsandexamples(seeParas.3-8).Finallyheputsthoseformsthatareleastlikelytobeconsideredasliteraturewithinoneparagraph(seePara.9),givingthemshortshrift.Itiseasyforthereadertofollowthestep-by-stepanalysis.Moreover,theuseofsubheadingsandclearparagraphingalsofacilitateunderstanding.Discourse analysis of Te
85、xt BlWorkinpairsandfindthemetaphoricaluseinTextB,anddiscussitseffectsinacademicwriting.Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseDiscourse analysis of Text BUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureAcademic language and discourseSuggestedanswer:UsingmetaphorlSupplementaryInformationTextBiswovent
86、ogetherbyarecurringmetaphor“Thinkofanemptypageasopenspace”.Inacademicwriting,ametaphorcanbridgetheknownandtheunknown,thefamiliarandtheunfamiliar.Italsoactsasanornamenttoenhancethebeautyofwriting,makingitmoredramatic,colorful,witty,andattractive.Partlythankstotheskillfulemploymentofmetaphors,The Camb
87、ridge Introduction to Creative Writingisanaccessible,entertainingandgroundbreakingtextbook.lTask1/SpecializedvocabularyP9Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureSuggested answer keySuggestedanswer:Academic language and discourse1.1.lyricpoem,elegiac,epic,dramatic,narrative,expositoryverse,drama,oratory,allegori
88、cal,exposition,fiction2.2.1.Mostofthestoriesinthebookareallegorical(具有讽喻意味的).2.Todayfewreadclassicsandfewerstillreadepics(史诗)likeMiltonsParadise.3.Alyricpoem(抒情诗)maybeanemotionalresponsetoaneventoroccasion.4.Death of a SalesmanwaswrittenbyArthurMiller,amasterofdrama(一位戏剧大家).5.Thisbookisaworkoffictio
89、n(一部虚构作品)andnotintendedasahistoricalaccount.6.Thestudentspreparedexpositionsonfamiliartopics(关于一些他们所熟悉的话题的阐述).lTask2/SignpostlanguageP10Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureSuggested answer keySuggestedanswer:Academic language and discourse1.Literatureisaformofhumanexpression.Butnoteverythingexpressedinwords
90、evenwhenorganizedandwrittendowniscountedasliterature.2.Thosewritingsthatareprimarilyinformativetechnical,scholarly,journalisticwouldbeexcludedfromtherankofliteraturebymost,thoughnotall,critics.3.Thepurest(or,atleast,themostintense)literaryformisthelyricpoem,andafteritcomeselegiac,epic,dramatic,narra
91、tive,andexpositoryverse.4.Manynovelscertainlyalltheworldsgreatnovelsareliterature,buttherearethousandsthatarenotsoconsidered.lTask2/SignpostlanguageP10Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureSuggested answer keySuggestedanswer:Academic language and discourse5.Mostgreatdramasareconsideredliterature(althoughtheCh
92、inese,possessorsofoneoftheworldsgreatestdramatictraditions,considertheirplays,withfewexceptions,topossessnoliterarymeritwhatsoever).6.Somepersonaldocuments(autobiographies,diaries,memoirs,andletters)rankamongtheworldsgreatestliterature.7.Mostofitisfugitive,buthereandthereinhigh-leveljournalism,intel
93、evision,inthecinema,incommercialfiction,inwesternsanddetectivestories,andinplain,expositoryprosesomewriting,almostbyaccident,achievesanaestheticsatisfaction,adepthandrelevancethatentitleittostandwithotherexamplesoftheartofliterature.8.Theycanbetakenfrommyth,fromhistory,orfromcontemporaryoccurrence,o
94、rtheycanbepureinvention(buteveniftheyareinvented,theyarenonethelessconstructedfromtheconstantmaterialsofrealexperience,nomatterhowfantastictheinvention).lTask3/FormalEnglishP10Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureSuggested answer keySuggestedanswer:Academic language and discourse1.similarity2.powerfulness3.a
95、chieve4.exchange5.produced6.(good)qualitiesListeningClassroomactivitiesSupplementaryinformationSuggestedanswerkeyUnit 1 The Art of LiteraturePredictionlDoTask2/ListeningandTask3/ListeningP19lListentothelectureagainwhilereadingthescript,andpayattentiontotwolinguisticfeaturesofthelecture.Unit 1 The Ar
96、t of LiteratureListeningClassroom activitiesPredictionlLinguisticfeaturesofthelectureinUnit1:insertingshortcolloquialphrasese.g.well, all right, well and good, you say to yourselfUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureListeningstressingimportantwordse.g.There are definitions based on psychological complexity,
97、psychological balance, psychological harmony, sometimes psychological imbalance and disharmony. And there are also definitions which insist that somehow there is an epistemological difference between literature and other kinds of utterance.Supplementary informationlTask2/&Task3/P19Unit 1 The Art of
98、LiteratureSuggested answer keySuggestedanswer:ListeningTask2/1.A2.C3.C4.A5.BCTask3/Theory of literature shares one thing in common with other kinds oftheory,thatis,theneedfor(1)definition.Therearedefinitionsofliteraturebasedon(2)form,circularity,symmetry,(3)economyofform,(4)lackofeconomyofform,(5)re
99、petition,psychologicalcomplexity,psychological(6)balance, psychological(7)harmony, psychological(8)imbalance andpsychological (9) disharmony. However, according to the neo-pragmatistargument,literatureis(10)whateveryouthinkitis.SpeakingClassroomactivitiesSupplementaryinformationUnit 1 The Art of Lit
100、eratureAsking for information / clarificationlBrainstormadditionalsentencepatternsofaskingforinformation/clarificationUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureSpeakinglRole-playtheSpeakingtaskP20Classroom activitiesAsking for information / clarificationUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureSpeakingMoresentencepatternsofas
101、kingforinformation/clarification:Im sorry! Was that ?Pardon me, Rick. Did you say?Sorry! I didnt catch that. May I interrupt a moment? Was that ?Sorry! Could you repeat that, please?Would you mind repeating that, please?Im sorry, but would you speak slowly, please? My English is not very good.Supple
102、mentary informationWritingClassroomactivitiesSupplementaryinformationUnit 1 The Art of LiteratureDeciding upon a topic for your paperlDoTask1,anddiscusswhysomeofthetopicsarenotfeasible.P21Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureWritinglShareyourpossibletopicwithyourclassmates.Classroom activitiesDeciding upon a
103、 topic for your paperlMoretipsforfindinganappropriateresearchtopic:Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureWriting*Scanyourtextbookforpossibletopics.*Thinkofwhatyouhavereadorseenrecentlythatintriguesyou.*Thinkabouttheothercoursesyourtake.*Makealistofthingsyoualreadyknowaboutthetopicandalistofquestionsabouttheto
104、pic.Fromthelistofquestions,choosetheoneyouaremostpassionateabout.*Getmorebackgroundinformationonyourtopic,whichcanhelpyoufindyourfocus.*Narrowdownyourtopicbylimitingittoaspecificperspective,timeperiodorgeographicarea.Supplementary informationlTask1/P21Unit 1 The Art of LiteratureSuggested answer keySuggestedanswer:WritingThefollowingtopicsmightbegoodchoicesforatermpaper:GenderRelationsinJaneEyreRobertFrostsAttitudeTowardDeathHowtheGreatDepressionIsReflectedinOf Mice and MenTheendUnit 1 The Art of Literature
