Amplification in Translation增译法增译法 •1. Lexical Amplification（从词汇上考虑的增词）•2. Syntactical Amplification （从句法结构上考虑的增词）•3. Cultural Amplification （从文化上考虑的增词）•4. Rhetorical Amplification （从修辞上考虑） 1. Lexical Amplification1. Lexical Amplification•1.1 增加动词•1.2 增加名词•1.3 增加概括词•1.4 增加副词•1.5 增加量词•1.6 增加表达复数的词•1.7 增加表达时态的词 1. 1 增加动词•1)In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.•晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后的公报 •2) She felt the flowers were inin her fingers, onon her lips, growing inin her breast. •译文一：她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花儿。
•译文二：她觉得她好像手里拿着拿着花，嘴里吻着吻着花，连连胸中也生出了也生出了花 1. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人使人机智,笔记（写作）使人使人准确2. We don’t regret, we never have and never will. 我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔后悔3. After the basketball, he still has an important conference. 看完看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加要参加课内练习 1. 2 1. 2 增加名词增加名词• a. a. 在抽象名词后面增加名词1）We have made some achievements, and we must guard against placency. 我们取得了一些成绩，但还要防止自满情绪2 2））OxidationOxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。
•b. b. 在具体名词后面增加名词在具体名词后面增加名词当具体名词表达某种抽象概念时，在译文中也常常需要根据上下文增加一些适当的名词 1) He allowed thethe fatherfather to be overruled by the judgethe judge，and declared his own son guilty 他让法官的职责职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪 2) In the future, automation may enable human beings to enjoy far more leisureleisure than they do today. 将来自动化可能使人类享受到比今天更多的空闲时间 •c. c. 在形容词前面增加名词在形容词前面增加名词① This new type of computer is indeed cheapcheap and finefine. 这部新型电脑真是价价廉物物美②He is a complicated complicated man---moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格性格复杂的人——喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。
•d. d. 在不及物动词后面增加名词在不及物动词后面增加名词英语中的某些动词在用作不及物动词的时候，虽然后英语中的某些动词在用作不及物动词的时候，虽然后面并没有带宾语，但宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的面并没有带宾语，但宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的所以在翻译成汉语时，往往要把隐含的宾语翻译出所以在翻译成汉语时，往往要把隐含的宾语翻译出来 1）Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活——扫地、擦地板、收拾房间2）I could knit knit when I was seven. 我7岁时就会织毛衣 课内练习1. First you borrow,borrow, then you begbeg. 头一遭借钱钱，下一遭就讨饭饭2. Mary washed washed for a living after her husband died of cancer. 玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服衣服维持生活3. He ateate and drankdrank, for he was exhausted. 他吃了 点东西东西，喝了点酒酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。
4. That black jacket is indeed cheapcheap and finefine. 那件黑夹克真是价价廉物物美 5. He was wrinkledwrinkled and blackblack, with scant gray hair. 他满脸满脸皱纹，皮肤皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏6. A new kind of car—small, cheapsmall, cheap—is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意——这种轿车体积体积小，价钱价钱便宜7. His arrogancearrogance made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢态度态度使谁也不喜欢他8. After all preparations preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切准备工作工作就绪以后， 飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山 1. 3 增加概括词•概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语句子中并没有出现概括词，而翻译的时候却往往可以加入“两人”、“双方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此种种”等概括词，同时省略掉英语中的连接词。
1. Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. 与大多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季两季，繁殖、生长储存脂肪 2. The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 这个大厅有四大四大优点：宽敞、明亮、样式新颖、没有回声 试译：They talked about wage, price and inflation.他们谈及工资、物价、通货膨胀等等问题 1.1. 4 4 增加副词增加副词•有些动词根据原文的上下文可以增加适当的副词，以确切表示原意1）As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地滔滔不绝地讲个没完2）The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐地渐渐地散开了。
试译：She lingered long over his letter.她反反复复地反反复复地回味着他的来信 1.1. 5 5增加量词增加量词•英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用，不用加量词而汉语往往要加入量词1）A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日从平静的海面冉冉升起2) Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon. 一弯新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云层里去了 课内练习1. A stream was winding its way through the valley into the Dadu river. 一弯一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了了2. This was a complicate lie， too. 这也纯粹是一派胡言3. Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次，他们争吵了一番4. Seeing is believing.Seeing is believing. 百百百百闻不如闻不如一一一一见。
见5. The essence remains its identity while The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.appearances may vary. 万万万万变不离其宗变不离其宗 1. 61. 6增加表达复数的词增加表达复数的词•增加重叠词表示复数增加重叠词表示复数1）Flowers Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵朵朵鲜花开满了庭院2）There were rows rows of houses which he had never seen before. 一排排排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的 1.7 1.7 增加表达时态的词增加表达时态的词• a a．强调某种时间概念．强调某种时间概念1. The old man had taughthad taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. 原来，是那位老人已经教会了已经教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。
2. I had never thoughthad never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 以前以前我从未想过从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我无足轻重时，我会感到高兴但这次情况的确如此 •b. b. 强调时间上的对比强调时间上的对比1. It was said that his father was was a fisherman. Maybe he was was as poor as we areare. 听说，从前从前他爸爸是个打鱼的他过去过去也许跟我们现在现在一样穷2. I was was, and remain remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的获释也有他的功劳对此我过去过去很感激，现在现在仍然很感激 2. 2. Syntactical AmplificationSyntactical Amplification ( (从句法结构上考虑的增词从句法结构上考虑的增词) )•2.1 增补原文中省略的动词•2.2 增补原文比较句中的省略部分•2.3 增补原文回答句中的省略部分•2.4 增补表示逻辑关系的词语 2. 1 增补原文中省略的动词①Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化可以转化为物质。
② Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢过度即成愚勇，感情过度即成溺爱，节俭过度即成贪婪 ③ A government ofof and by by and for the exploiting class for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive. 一个为剥削阶级所占有，由剥削阶级所组成并为剥削阶级服务的政府是不可能存在下去的④ Studies serve forserve for delight, for for ornament, and for for ability. (Francis Bacon) 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才 2. 2增补原文比较句中的省略部分1) This is true of nations as it is of individuals. 国家是这样，个人也是这样2）Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中汲取教训比从自己的失败中汲取教训更好。
3）The footman were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她，就像他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样 2.3 增补原文回答句中的省略部分1）Is this your wallet ? Yes, it is. 这是你的钱包吗？是我我的2）Don’t you want Mr. Smith to be your tutor ? Yes, of course I do. 你不想让史密斯先生当你的导师吗？我当然想想 2.4 增补表示逻辑关系的词语①The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature. 即使是最强有力的人也不能改变自然法则②I am in charge of the depot, only I. People will hold me responsible but not you. 只有我一个人负责管理这个仓库，出了事情别人找我，找不到你 ③More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially. 如果测试更为彻底，也许一开始就能找出故障。
④Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed. 准备工作完成不了，那可怎么办？ 3.3. Cultural Amplification Cultural Amplification ( (从文化上考虑的增词从文化上考虑的增词) )•3.1增加比喻的喻意•3.2增加背景信息 3. 1增加比喻的喻意①Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. 俗话说，衣柜里面藏骷髅，见不得人的事家家有② Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back. 劝导对他好像水过鸭背似的不起作用 3.2增加背景信息①The United States has now set up a loneliness industry.loneliness industry. 美国现在已建立了一种为孤独的人们服务的社会项目②The blond boy quickly crossedcrossed himself. 那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字，祈求上帝保佑。
4. Rhetorical Amplification4. Rhetorical Amplification （从修辞上考虑）（从修辞上考虑）•汉语中的语气助词很多，如汉语中的语气助词很多，如““的的”” ““吧吧””、、““啊啊”” 、、““呀呀”” ““嘛嘛””、、““吗吗”” 、、““啦啦”” 、、““了了””、、 ““罢了罢了””、、““而已而已””等等不同的语气助词可以表示不同的含义在英译汉时，增加等等不同的语气助词可以表示不同的含义在英译汉时，增加一些恰当的语气助词可以更好地表达英语原文的含义和修辞色彩另外，为了使译文一些恰当的语气助词可以更好地表达英语原文的含义和修辞色彩另外，为了使译文更加生动通顺，译者也可以增加无损原意的四字词组，四字对偶词组和叠词更加生动通顺，译者也可以增加无损原意的四字词组，四字对偶词组和叠词 •4.14.1增加一些恰当的语气助词可以更好地表达英语原文的含义和修辞色彩；增加一些恰当的语气助词可以更好地表达英语原文的含义和修辞色彩；•4.24.2增加四字词组，四字对偶词组或叠词增加四字词组，四字对偶词组或叠词 •4.1 4.1 增加一些恰当的语气助词可以更好地表达英语原文增加一些恰当的语气助词可以更好地表达英语原文的含义和修辞色彩。
的含义和修辞色彩① Don’t take it seriously. It’s only a joke. 不要认真嘛嘛！这不过是开个玩笑而已② As I snooze, she talks – of anything, everything, all the things that women talk of: books, music, dress, men, other women. 我这边打着盹，她那里说着女人爱说的一切，什么什么书籍啦啦、音乐啦啦、服装啦啦、男人啦啦、别的女人啦啦，五花八门，包罗万象五花八门，包罗万象 试译：1. As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢呢，从一开始就不赞成2. They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated. 那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不沮丧 4.2 4.2 增加四字词组，四字对偶词组或叠词增加四字词组，四字对偶词组或叠词①Target prioritiespriorities were established there. 目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后，是在那里决定的。
②But there had been too much publicitypublicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了③I had been completely honesthonest in my replies, withholding nothing． 我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐 练习：1. White clouds float over the blue sky. 蓝蓝的天上漂浮着朵朵朵朵白云2. Can you manage without help? 如果没有人帮忙，你能应付的了吗？3. I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others. 我认为，中国的改革方式比别国的改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效 4. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀 5. We have to analyze and solve problems.. . 我们必须分析问题，解决问题。
6. Rain or shine, I’ll go there. 晴也罢，雨也罢，我都要去那里7.He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感到一种爱国热情从心中涌起 40可编辑感感谢下下载 。