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1、 听力命题依据听力命题依据新课程标准新课程标准 对听力八级技能的目标对听力八级技能的目标描述描述： 1）能识别不同语气所表达的不同态度；）能识别不同语气所表达的不同态度； 2）能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论或谈话并记）能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论或谈话并记 住要点；住要点； 3）能抓住简单语段中的观点；）能抓住简单语段中的观点； 4）能基本听懂广播）能基本听懂广播电视英语新闻的主题电视英语新闻的主题 或大意。或大意。 5）能听懂委婉的建议）能听懂委婉的建议劝告等。劝告等。高考英语听力解题思路高考英语听力解题思路一、思维过程一、思维过程 1、扫读与与预测（密切关注（密切关注题干中的疑干中的疑问词 选项中的
2、不同点）中的不同点） 2、记录与与记忆（信号（信号词first, but, whats more，however导引思路，表示引思路，表示态度）度） 3、选择与推理与推理（排除法，推理法）（排除法，推理法）二、解题过程二、解题过程 1、听前、听前(pre-listening) 2、听、听时(while-listening) 3、听后、听后(post-listening)常见听力推测题的设计有：1 1、对谈话场景、地点、时间等的推测；、对谈话场景、地点、时间等的推测； 2 2、对谈话双方的职业和身份以及他们之、对谈话双方的职业和身份以及他们之 间的关系的推测；间的关系的推测； 3 3、对谈话人行
3、为状态的推测；、对谈话人行为状态的推测； 4 4、对简单的数字进行计算；、对简单的数字进行计算； 5 5、对谈话话题、中心大意的推测；、对谈话话题、中心大意的推测； 6 6、对原因、意图、观点、态度等的推测。、对原因、意图、观点、态度等的推测。1 1、理解主旨、要义话题中心大意、理解主旨、要义话题中心大意(Main idea )(Main idea )2 2、获取事实性的具体信息获取事实性的具体信息(Details)(Details) 1) 1)时间、年代、价格等时间、年代、价格等 (when/which year / what(when/which year / what price/) p
4、rice/) 2) 2)地点地点(where/ at what place) (where/ at what place) 3) 3)人物人物(who/ whom/ whose)(who/ whom/ whose) 4) 4)事件事件(from beginning to the end/ when, (from beginning to the end/ when, where,where, what, how and why) what, how and why)3 3、对谈话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能做出简单的、对谈话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能做出简单的 推断推断(background
5、 / what relationship)(background / what relationship)4 4、理解说话者的意图、观点或态度、理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 (intention, view and attitude)(intention, view and attitude) 听力命题的切入点听力命题的切入点考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破考点考点1：听录音判断时间：听录音判断时间 直接听取或简单计算直接听取或简单计算命题切入点：命题切入点：half past, a quarter to, a.m.,p.m., before, ahead, earlierla
6、ter, delay, put off近音干扰。如：近音干扰。如：fifteen和和fifty (时间的提前时间的提前) （时间的推后）（时间的推后）高考题示例：高考题示例：1. What time does the train leave? A. At 6:15 B. At 6:25 C. At 6:50查看原文查看原文2. At what time does the train to Leeds leave? A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00查看原文查看原文方法指导：方法指导：捕捉目标词语（捕捉目标词语（target words), 即与问即与问题相关的重要信息。题相关的重要
7、信息。培养瞬间记忆能力，边听边记，用缩培养瞬间记忆能力，边听边记，用缩写或符号来标记。写或符号来标记。考点考点2：听录音判断地点：听录音判断地点命题切入点：命题切入点： 常出现两大类表地点的名词。常出现两大类表地点的名词。公共场所、单位名公共场所、单位名。听取信息词进行判断听取信息词进行判断考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破国家与城市名。国家与城市名。通常直接听取通常直接听取提问对话的进行地点、事件发生地点等。提问对话的进行地点、事件发生地点等。如：如：cinema, hotel, school, hospital 等等高考题示例：高考题示例：1. Where are the t
8、wo speakers? A. In a department store. B. In a clothes factory. C. On a playground.录音原文录音原文2. Where did this conversation most probably take place? A. At a concert. B. At a flower shop. C. At a restaurant.录音原文录音原文方法指导：方法指导：抓住信息词抓住信息词(informative words), 或或关键词关键词(key words) 进行合理的判断进行合理的判断或推断。如：或推断。如：
9、school:restaurant:airport: lecture, paper, exam, teachermenu, drink, order, billtimetable, take off, flight考点考点3：听录音判断数字：听录音判断数字 直接听取或简单计算直接听取或简单计算 命题切入点：命题切入点：常出现与数字有关的常用词常出现与数字有关的常用词 (couple, dozen, twice, daily, fifteen, fifty)。考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破价格、电话号码、街道、门牌号码、航班等。价格、电话号码、街道、门牌号码、航班等。 2. H
10、ow much did the man pay for the tickets? A. $16 B. $12 C. $10高考题示例：高考题示例：1. How much a pound are the oranges? A. 6 cents. B. 16 cents. C. 60 cents.查看原文查看原文查看原文查看原文方法指导：方法指导：创造一套自己能看懂的符号，快速准确地创造一套自己能看懂的符号，快速准确地记下对话中出现的所有数据，并标明各数记下对话中出现的所有数据，并标明各数据间的关系，进行快速计算。据间的关系，进行快速计算。考点考点4：听录音判断人物及其关系：听录音判断人物及其关系
11、命题切入点：命题切入点： 对话中一般不会出现选项中的词语，对话中一般不会出现选项中的词语，只能由推断得知。只能由推断得知。考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破职业职业身份身份说话者之间的关系说话者之间的关系判断判断2. What are the two speakers talking about? A. A football player. B. A football team. C. A football match.查看原文查看原文高考题示例：高考题示例：1. Who is Chris Paine? A. A computer engineer. B. A book sell
12、er. C. A writer.查看原文查看原文方法指导：方法指导：根据谈话内容判断。根据谈话内容判断。根据语气判断根据语气判断。考点考点5：听录音判断方案与实施：听录音判断方案与实施命题切入点：命题切入点： 考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破 在什么时间、地点做什么在什么时间、地点做什么打算做什么打算做什么 先做什么、后做什么先做什么、后做什么高考题示例：高考题示例：1. Whats the man doing? A. Hes working in a hotel. B. Hes visiting a young couple. C. Hes travelling around
13、.录音原文录音原文2. What did Paul do this morning? A. He had a history lesson. B. He had a chemistry lesson. C. He attended a meeting.录音原文录音原文方法指导：方法指导：注意动作发生的时间顺序，抓住一些表动作注意动作发生的时间顺序，抓住一些表动作转换或连续的连词、副词或短语。转换或连续的连词、副词或短语。注意说话时的停顿、犹豫或重复。注意说话时的停顿、犹豫或重复。考点考点6：听录音判断主旨与大意：听录音判断主旨与大意命题切入点：命题切入点： 考点各个击破考点各个击破考点各个击破
14、考点各个击破 目的、态度目的、态度 谈论什么谈论什么 意图、观点意图、观点高考题示例：高考题示例：1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about? A. Eco-tourB. Popular sports.C. Famous countries. 录音原文录音原文实战高考真题M: Im afraid well miss the train. What time is it now?W: Its 6:15. There are 10 minutes left. Lets hurry.1. What time does the train lea
15、ve? A. At 6:15 B. At 6:25 C. At 6:50返回题目返回题目高考题示例：高考题示例：2. At what time does the train to Leeds leave? A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C: 5:00返回题目返回题目W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next t r a i n t o M a n c h e s t e r i s ?M: Sure, well, its three now. The next train to Manchester leaves in two hours. B
16、ut you can take a train to Leeds, which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester because it stops at Manchester on the way.高考题示例：高考题示例：1. Where are the two speakers? A. In a department store. B. In a clothes factory. C. On a playground.返回题目返回题目W: May I help you?M: Yes. Id like to try on
17、some sports jackets. Id prefer something like the one Im wearing.高考题示例：高考题示例：2. Where did this conversation most probably take place? A. At a concert. B. At a flower shop. C. At a restaurant.M: The music and flowers are lovely.W: Yes. I hope the food is good, too.返回题目返回题目高考题示例：高考题示例：返回题目返回题目W: Those
18、 oranges look nice. How much are they?M: They are 60 cents a pound.1. How much a pound are the oranges? A. 6 cents. B. 16 cents. C. 60 cents.高考题示例：高考题示例：2. How much did the man pay for the tickets? A. $16 B. $12 C. $10返回题目返回题目W: Excuse me. How much are the tickets?M: Tickets are $4 for grown-ups, ch
19、ildrens tickets are half price.W: Ok, Id like 2 grown-ups and 2 childrens tickets, please.M: Yes, here you are.高考题示例：高考题示例：1. Who is Chris Paine? A. A computer engineer. B. A book seller. C. A writer.返回题目返回题目W: I like to read Chris Paine.M: So do I. I hear he writes on his computer. And his new book
20、 will come out next week.W: Great! Ive got to get one as soon as its out.高考题示例：高考题示例：2. What are the two speakers talking about? A. A football player. B. A football team. C. A football match.返回题目返回题目W: Do you know that Michael Owen has won the France Footballs Golden Ball prize?M: Not a surprise. He
21、 had 20 goals this season.高考题示例：高考题示例：1. Whats the man doing? A. Hes working in a hotel. B. Hes visiting a young couple. C. Hes travelling around.返回题目返回题目W: So, how long have you been here?M: Just a couple of days actually. Im on a big journey. You know, Im visiting all the places of interest here.高
22、考题示例：高考题示例：2. What did Paul do this morning? A. He had a history lesson. B. He had a chemistry lesson. C. He attended a meeting.返回题目返回题目W: What about your chemistry class this morning, Paul?M: We were supposed to have a chemistry class, but Mr. Anderson was out of town for a meeting. So we had a his
23、tory lesson instead.高考题示例：高考题示例：高考题示例：高考题示例：1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Eco-tour.B. Popular sports.C. Famous countries. 返回题目返回题目M: Welcome to our program “eco-tour”. Today we are honored to invite Hannah to be our special guest. Welcome Hannah.W: Thanks. Today Im going to su
24、ggest some eco-tours to you.M: Okay. First can you tell us what countries are well-known for eco-tours?W: Actually there are lots of countries. For example Brazil, Australia and China are some of the popular places nowadays.（1）找出事实性的细节）找出事实性的细节数字换算能力数字换算能力 题题1: 全国卷全国卷I第第1题题 How much will the woman p
25、ay if she buys two skirts? A. 18 B. 19 C. 20 试题分析试题分析 题题2: 湖北卷第湖北卷第9题题 What time will Professor Smith finish his talk? A. At about 1:45 B. At about 2:15 C. At about 2:45 试题分析试题分析题题3: 北京卷第北京卷第11题题 How many people can go and see a film if you pay $17 ? A3 B4 C5试题分析试题分析题题4 ：湖南卷第湖南卷第15题题 How soon will t
26、he ticket office be closed? AIn an hour B. In two hours CIn three hours试题分析试题分析(2) 理解话语主旨理解话语主旨语意理解能力语意理解能力 题题5: 全国卷第全国卷第10题题 What are the speakers talking about? APopular sports events BTV programs people like best C. Things people do after work. 试题分析试题分析 题题6: 湖北卷第湖北卷第20题题 What is the main purpose
27、of the speech? A. To call on people to give blood. B. To explain what a blood transfusion. C. To review the history of the research on blood. 试题分析试题分析（3）判断说话者之间的关系或谈话背景）判断说话者之间的关系或谈话背景 分析判断能力分析判断能力 题题7：湖南卷第湖南卷第6题题 What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Clerk and guest. B. Nur
28、se and patient. C. Manager and secretary. 试题分析试题分析 题题8：湖南卷第湖南卷第17题题 What can we learn about the man? AHe is willing to wait BHe is pleased to see the woman. CHe is disappointed about his phone order.试题分析试题分析(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度理解说话者的意图、观点和态度考查考查理解能力理解能力 题题9 : 05北京卷第北京卷第14题题 How is the man feeling? AFir
29、ed BNervous CHopeless试题分析试题分析题题10：北京卷第北京卷第20题题 What is the purpose of the mans talk? A. To welcome the students to the center. B. To inform the students of the arrangements. C. To tell the students the rules they should follow.试题分析试题分析题题11：全国卷全国卷16 What does the woman think of the mans English?A. Ex
30、cellent B. Acceptable C. Strange 试题分析试题分析NOW CHECK YOUR ANSWERS题题1:题题2:题题3:题题4:题题5:题题6:题题7：题题8：题题9:题题10：题题11：ABCBBBCAAAB题题1: 答案答案 BM:10 each and 1 off if people buy two. They are on sale. 说话者没有明示，但是考生必须知道说话者没有明示，但是考生必须知道off, be on sale 的意思，思考与分辨很重要。的意思，思考与分辨很重要。看试题看试题题题2: M: When does the meeting be
31、gin?W: Lunch will be served at 12:30, and Professor Smith will speak at 1:15.M: And do you have any idea when it will end?W: Well, Professor Smith will speak for about one and half hours. 本题中，史密斯教授本题中，史密斯教授1:15开始作报告，要讲开始作报告，要讲一个半小时，听懂后，用简单的数字运算就一个半小时，听懂后，用简单的数字运算就能知道结束的时间。能知道结束的时间。看试题看试题题题3: W:Adult
32、 tickets $ 6.50 (six fifty), student tickets $ 5.50 (five fifty), tickets for children and 15 years of age 4.50 (four fifty), a family ticket is available for two adults and two children or one adult and three children $17 在听对话的过程中在听对话的过程中,把听到的数字把听到的数字five fifty，four fifty，six fifty记录下来，再做答。记录下来，再做答
33、。看试题看试题题题4 ：湖南卷第湖南卷第15题题M: Well, there are two more hours before the ticket office closes. before一词，除了一词，除了“以前、之前以前、之前”，将它译成，将它译成中文有多样解释。如何理解，就看考生的功底中文有多样解释。如何理解，就看考生的功底了。这正是本题亮点所在。正确理解的关键词了。这正是本题亮点所在。正确理解的关键词是是two more hours和和before看试题看试题题题5: 全国卷第全国卷第10题题W：You know I just finished some very interes
34、ting research for the newspaper about things people do in their spare time.M：Really? What did you learn?本题中本题中,说话者用的是说话者用的是in their spare time，而选项却写的是，而选项却写的是after work。听不懂听不懂spare time就会判断失误。就会判断失误。看试题看试题题题6: 湖北卷第湖北卷第20题题本题语料采取独白形式，一位女医务工作者谈输本题语料采取独白形式，一位女医务工作者谈输血的意义、作用，讲到输血的历史等，意在打消血的意义、作用，讲到输血的历史
35、等，意在打消人们的顾虑，号召人们献血，尤其最后一句人们的顾虑，号召人们献血，尤其最后一句So please give blood起到画龙点睛的作用。起到画龙点睛的作用。看试题看试题题题7：湖南卷第湖南卷第6题分析：题分析：A: Excuse me, there is a problem with my room.B: And what is the problem?A: I asked for a non-smoking room, but I dont have one. My room smells like a cigarette smoke. Could you change my r
36、oom please?B: Let me see. Im sorry, but we dont have any more non-smoking rooms. We wont charge you for your room tonight.通过男声的通过男声的 “asked for a non-smoking” “change my room please” 以及女声的以及女声的 “We wont charge you for your room tonight.” 可得知答案。可得知答案。看试题看试题题题8：湖南卷第湖南卷第17题分析题分析M：Tickets for a good con
37、cert are worth waiting for.本题中，本题中，be willing to wait与与be worth waiting for在此处殊途同归，考生知道，就在此处殊途同归，考生知道，就能选对。能选对。 看试题看试题题题9: 北京卷第北京卷第14题分析题分析M：It depends on how long the interview lastsOhdear, I hope things go OKI know I can do the jobW: Just relax. Everyone has his first time本本题中，男士在叙述时使用感叹语题中，男士在叙述时
38、使用感叹语Oh, dear暗示了暗示了他的不安。女士安慰道，请放松。任何人第一他的不安。女士安慰道，请放松。任何人第一次总会惴惴不安。接续下来是诸多建议和谆淳次总会惴惴不安。接续下来是诸多建议和谆淳教诲，话语，特别是语气也反衬出男士的教诲，话语，特别是语气也反衬出男士的nervous情景明确的语料、科学的设题、恰如情景明确的语料、科学的设题、恰如其分的语气从而吐露说话者的真实意图，也是其分的语气从而吐露说话者的真实意图，也是全面考查被试者能力载体。全面考查被试者能力载体。看试题看试题题题10：北京卷第北京卷第20题分析：题分析：本题对话编写很独特，形式上像是对话，实际是男本题对话编写很独特，形
39、式上像是对话，实际是男士独白，女士三言两语介绍后就是男士的大段讲话。士独白，女士三言两语介绍后就是男士的大段讲话。从从And its my job to make sure you have some fun while you are here. Now this afternoon起直到起直到Finallyon Sunday we完全是每一天的活动安排，完全是每一天的活动安排，只有全部听完后才会得出这样的印象：男士在向学只有全部听完后才会得出这样的印象：男士在向学生宣讲他们的活动内容。独白一般较长，要求完整生宣讲他们的活动内容。独白一般较长，要求完整地听，然后分析、加工，最后得出结论。地听
40、，然后分析、加工，最后得出结论。看试题看试题题题11：全国卷第全国卷第16题题分析： W：By the way, where are you from? M：China W：China? But you speak English like a native speaker 本题中，女士使用惊讶、赞叹的口吻说道：本题中，女士使用惊讶、赞叹的口吻说道：什么，你是中国人什么，你是中国人?英语就像是你的母语一英语就像是你的母语一样样!”她的潜台词是：她的潜台词是：“你的英语说得太地道了。你的英语说得太地道了。”这是一种由衷的赞美，命题者灵活地把情感因这是一种由衷的赞美，命题者灵活地把情感因素融于试题设计选项中。素融于试题设计选项中。看试题看试题点滴建议：点滴建议：训练时：训练时：听前听前:2. 听好试音部分，尽快进入听音状态听好试音部分，尽快进入听音状态。3. 掠读题目，比较选项差异，预测内容。掠读题目，比较选项差异，预测内容。听中：听中：听后：听后：1. 安定情绪，集中精力。安定情绪，集中精力。带着问题捕捉信息，速记要点。带着问题捕捉信息，速记要点。速决速断，马上准备下一题，切忌速决速断，马上准备下一题，切忌反复不定。拿不准时，相信第一感觉。反复不定。拿不准时，相信第一感觉。强化听音心理素质，学会强化听音心理素质，学会手手、耳耳、 眼眼、脑脑并用。并用。
