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1、 高考一轮复习英语课件高考一轮复习英语课件 句子成分和五种基本句型句子成分和五种基本句型 2017-07-01 练习练习: 翻译下面的句子并判断句子成翻译下面的句子并判断句子成分分 1.太阳升起来了。太阳升起来了。(rise) 2.她喜欢看书。她喜欢看书。 3.他的脸红了。他的脸红了。(turn red) 4. 我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。 5. 他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)练习练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型？翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型？1.太阳从东方升起来了。太阳从东方升起来了。(rise)2.她喜欢看书。她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。他的脸红了。(tu
2、rn red)4. 我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。5. 他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)The sun has risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.句子成分句子成分定义定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补：宾语、定语
3、、状语、补 足语、表语、同位语足语、表语、同位语句子成分句子成分主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 定语定语状语状语 补语补语 表语表语同位语同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 （是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.）vThis year Jane is good at playing the piano.vShe went out in a hurry.
4、vFour is larger than three.vTo see is to believe.vBut smoking is bad for health.vThe young should respect the old.vWhat he has said is true.找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.（名（名词词） He likes dancing. （代（代词词）Twenty years is a short time in history. （数（数词词） Seeing is believing. （动动名名词词） To see is to bel
5、ieve. （不定式）（不定式） What he needs is a book. （主（主语语从句）从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主形式主语语，主，主语语从句是真正主从句是真正主语语）谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征v简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成vI saw the flag on the top of the hill?vHe looked after two orphans.v复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情
6、态动词或助动词+动词动词;vHe can speak English well.vHe has caught a bad cold.vShe doesnt seem to like dancing (三三)宾语宾语动作的动作的对象或对象或承受者承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语v宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.vHe gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语.pleasepassmethe book.Heboughtmesome flowers.Ilikemy job.Ilove
7、you.Hewantedto leave here.Theyenjoyedplaying computer games.（四）定语（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从从句句vHeisacleverboy.vHisfatherworksinasteelwork.vThereare54studentsinourclass.vDoyouknownbettyssister?vHeboughtsomesleeping pills.vThereisasleepingbabyinbed.vHisspokenlanguageisgood.vImetafriendonmy
8、wayhome.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)Thegirlin red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?Thereisnothinginteresting inthisbook.（五）状语（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明动
9、作或状态特征的句子成分 vI will be back in a while.vThey are playing on the playground.vHe was late because he got up late.vHe got up so late that I missed the train.vI waited to see you.vHe often went to school by bus.vHis parents died,leaving him an orphan.vPlease call me if it is necessary.vThis book is very
10、 interesting.vHe went to school in spite of his illness.vHe always comes late to school.（六）（六）宾语补足语宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外， 还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。 这类常用的及物动词有这类常用的及物动词有 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. vI
11、found the book interesting.vDo you smell something burning?vHe made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变宾语补足语变成主补成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.Hewaslastseenplaying near t
12、he river.TheteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexamThestudentwascaughtcheating in the examWemadehimmonitor.Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.Thedoorwaspushedopen.（七）表语（七）表语 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:vbe(am,is,are,were,was),appear, look,seem,vfeel,smell,taste,soun
13、d,keep,turn, become,vget,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.vThe apple tastes sweet.1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Timeis precious.4.Imnotquite myselftoday.5.Whowasthe first?6.Heisout of condition.7.Thebookiswhat I need.（八）同位语（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 Weyoung
14、peopleshouldrespecttheold.名词名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词代词Heistheoldestamongthemfour.数词数词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句从句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从从句句vHe went.vHe went there.vHe went there yesterday.vHe went there to see his mother yesterday.vHe went there to see his mother i
15、ll in hospital by bike yesterday.Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构vYou are a student.vHe felt happy today.vWhat you said made me happy.vCould you give me some advice on how to learn English well?vAfter he finished his homework, he went away.vHe likes pop music.vIstayedawakeuntil11:30oneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.vAnnenamedherdiarykittybecauseshethoughtitwasherbestfriend. Thesoundsoundsstrange. Thefoodtastesgood. Hegavemeabookyesterday. Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.（名） Illhavemybikerepaired.
