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1、18 备受命题人青睐的“情态动词+have done”A。句意句意:孩子们一定在树林里孩子们一定在树林里迷路了迷路了;否则否则, 他们会按照计划他们会按照计划到达湖边的营地。根据句意可到达湖边的营地。根据句意可知知,孩子们现在还没有到达孩子们现在还没有到达, 此此处表示对过去事情的推测处表示对过去事情的推测, 故故用用“must have done”形式。形式。B。此处意为此处意为“对不起对不起,那天我那天我本不该对你大吼的本不该对你大吼的”。根据句。根据句意可知意可知,此处含有自责的意味此处含有自责的意味,因此用因此用“shouldnt+ have done”,表示表示“本不该做某事却做了本
2、不该做某事却做了”,故答案为故答案为B。The children _ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A. must have got B. must getC. should have got D. should getIm sorry. I _ at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shout
3、edC. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted2may/might have done3can/could have done5Should have done4neednt have done6would have done情态动词+have done1must have done“情态动词情态动词+have done”结构结构被普遍认为是一个难点被普遍认为是一个难点,因为它因为它们表示的意义各不相同们表示的意义各不相同,可谓错综可谓错综复杂。有些表示推测复杂。有些表示推测,有些表示责备；有些表示责备；有的常用于肯定句有的常用于肯定句,有的常用于否有的常用于
4、否定句和疑问句等。要弄清楚它定句和疑问句等。要弄清楚它们之间的区别们之间的区别,必须理解每一必须理解每一种结构表示的意义：种结构表示的意义：情态动词+have done2may/might have done3can/could have done5Should have done4neednt have done6would have done情态动词+have done1must have done1must have done表示对过去发生的动作或存表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行肯定的推测。只用在的状态进行肯定的推测。只用于肯定句于肯定句,意思是意思是“一定一定,准是准是”。如：。
5、如：The teacher must have thought Johnson was worth it, or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose.对现在事情的推测对现在事情的推测, ,表示表示“一定一定,肯定肯定”时用时用“must+ +动词原形动词原形”。-Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?-She must be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.2may/might have done3can/could have done5Should hav
6、e done4neednt have done6would have done情态动词+have done1must have done2may/might have done表示对过去发生的动作或存在的表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行不太肯定的推测状态进行不太肯定的推测,意为意为“也许也许已经已经”。一般用于肯定句或否定句。一般用于肯定句或否定句。“might have done”还可用于虚拟语气还可用于虚拟语气,表表示示“本来可能做某事而实际上没做本来可能做某事而实际上没做”。如。如: where is my book? I remember I putit here yesterda
7、y.-You might have put it in the wrong place.(推测推测)If he had worked harder he might have succeeded. (虚拟语气虚拟语气)2may/might have done3can/could have done5Should have done4neednt have done6would have done情态动词+have done1must have done3can/could have done表示对过去事情的推测表示对过去事情的推测,意思是意思是“可能已经可能已经”,常用于否定句和疑问常用于否定
8、句和疑问句；句；“could have done”还可用于虚还可用于虚拟语气拟语气,表示表示“过去本能够做某事而实际过去本能够做某事而实际上没做上没做”。如。如: My MP5 player isnt in my bag. Where can I have put it? (推测推测) If he had come yesterday, I could have told him about it.(虚拟语气虚拟语气)2may/might have done3can/could have done5Should have done4neednt have done6would have don
9、e情态动词+have done1must have done4neednt have done表示过去没有必要做某事却表示过去没有必要做某事却做了，含有做了，含有“本来不必本来不必”之意。如：之意。如：There was plenty of time. You neednthave hurried.时间很充足，你本来时间很充足，你本来不必那么慌张的。（不必那么慌张的。（实际上很慌张实际上很慌张) )2may/might have done3can/could have done5should have done4neednt have done6would have done情态动词+have
10、 done1must have done5should have done表示过去本应该做某事但没做表示过去本应该做某事但没做,含有责备之意。如：含有责备之意。如：I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I should have driven her there.“should/ought to have done”的否定的否定式表示过去本来不该做某事却做了。式表示过去本来不该做某事却做了。-My cat is really fat.- You shouldnt have given it so much food.2m
11、ay/might have done3can/could have done5Should have done4neednt have done6would have done情态动词+have done1must have done6would have done用于虚拟语气用于虚拟语气,表示表示“过去本过去本来会做某事而实际上没做来会做某事而实际上没做”。如：。如：If I had not told him about the thing, he would never have known it.“had better (not) have done”意为意为 “当时最好（不）做某事当时
12、最好（不）做某事”。用于。用于 事后的建议事后的建议,含有轻微的责备口含有轻微的责备口吻。如吻。如:You had better not have scolded her.18 备受命题人青睐的“情态动词+have done”D。句意句意:亲爱的亲爱的,你本来没有必你本来没有必要买酒的要买酒的,因为他们已经不喝了。因为他们已经不喝了。根据句中的根据句中的“they have stoppeddrinking”可知应选可知应选neednt have bought, 表示表示“过去本来没有必过去本来没有必要买要买”。故。故D项正确。项正确。B。考查考查“情态动词情态动词+have done”的用法。
13、从语境可知他们在谈的用法。从语境可知他们在谈论过去的可能性论过去的可能性,手提包当时有手提包当时有可能已经被偷走了可能已经被偷走了, 因此选择因此选择might have stolen, 表示对过去表示对过去的情况不太肯定的推测。的情况不太肯定的推测。Honey, you _ alcohol for they have stopped drinking.A. may not have boughtB. mustnt have boughtC. cant have boughtD. neednt have boughtI left my handbag on the train, but luc
14、kily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolenC. should have stolen D. must have stolen“情态动词情态动词+have done”结构是高结构是高考考查情态动词的热点之一。在设考考查情态动词的热点之一。在设置题目时置题目时,四个选项中至少会出现两个四个选项中至少会出现两个“情态动词情态动词+have done”结构的选项结构的选项,以
15、考以考查考生对该结构的掌握情况查考生对该结构的掌握情况,目的相当明确。目的相当明确。对于此类题目对于此类题目,考生可以采取考生可以采取“排除法排除法”来解题。如难点自测第二题所说的是来解题。如难点自测第二题所说的是过去的情况过去的情况,因此考生可以先排除因此考生可以先排除A、C两个选项两个选项,然后再从意思上确定然后再从意思上确定B项为正确答案。项为正确答案。18 备受命题人青睐的“情态动词+have done”C。句意句意:校长下楼了校长下楼了, 她可能已经离开她可能已经离开宿舍回家去了。宿舍回家去了。may have done表示对表示对过去情况不太肯定的推测过去情况不太肯定的推测,一般用
16、于肯定一般用于肯定句或否定句句或否定句,符合语境。符合语境。must have done表示对过去的肯定推测；表示对过去的肯定推测；should havedone表示过去该做某事而未做；表示过去该做某事而未做；cant have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。表示对过去情况的否定推测。C。句意句意:她现在失业了，我认她现在失业了，我认为她当年要是留在外面，在一为她当年要是留在外面，在一个大城市里工作那就好了。用个大城市里工作那就好了。用had better have done表示事表示事后的建议。后的建议。The head went downstairs; she _ have left the dormitory and gone home.A.must B. should C. may D. cantShe is out of work now. I think that she _ away, working in a big city.A.might remain B. shouldnt remainC. had better have remained D. must have remained
