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1、History of Garden DesignGardens of France, Belgium and LuxembourgThe Purpose of the Garden Changes Over timeEmbellished farmsProductionEarly ParkVersailles is an exampleHunt and take long walksWalls and stands of treesModern ParksPicturesqueMajestyGrandeurExpansiveCapability Brown Modern ParksPoetic
2、Egyptian and Greek mythologyArtNo movementModern ParksRomanticMoving WaterShadowsAttention to detailPleasure GardensNo link to being usefulLaborious artificeBranches and foliage become walls and ceilingsStatusVases, figuresHanging Gardens of BabylonAncient Wonder of the WorldNebuchadnezzar II around
3、 600 B.C.Artificial mountain with rooftop gardens to cheer up a home sick wifeHanging refers to overhangbalconyHellenistic and Roman GardensHadrians VillaExample of Roman GardensCharacterized by meeting of axiss100 B.C to AD 500RetreatReligious symbolsIslamic GardensPersian gardens Europe about 60 B
4、.C.Indicative of climateThese evolved into the Mughal gardens of IndiaInlaid tiles and mosaic Moroccan GardensMore color addedContemplation gardensKey water featuresInfluenced Spanish GardensSpanish GardensOrangeryProduction and beautyIndicative of climateStraight linesOriental GardensJapanese ZenCo
5、ncurrent development to EuropeHill and pond gardensMeditationSymbolic featuresJapanese Seison-KaKuModeled on natureHouse becomes a direct part of the gardenSimulate age and permanenceChinese GardensModeled on natureMiniature landscape of large areasSymbolic elementsMeditationSymbolic featuresCharact
6、eristics of Italian Renaissance GardensVery formal lines that intersectResult of hot climateInfluences French baroque gardensItalian Renaissance GardensGeometrically patterned beds, or parterres, are a distinct element of the Italian style. Traditionally, Italian gardens had few flowers. The plants
7、were primarily evergreens for texture and shape, often in manicured topiary. Italian Renaissance Gardens19th century revival Italian gardens are based on: Steps, urns and balustrades geometrical to serpentineCharacteristics of Italian Renaissance GardensDesigned to be inspiring all year roundNot dep
8、endent on colorVery formalAn expansive vistaCharacteristics of Italian Renaissance GardensDisplay and backdrop for sculptureHistoric themesContrast of sun and shadeShady alle or walkWater FeaturesFrench Baroque GardensRetains the elements of geometric design and parterre gardeningFrench Baroque Gard
9、ensWater features and fountains remain important with highly styled elementsColor is introduced to the designsFrench Baroque GardensStairs and balustrades are also incorporated to change from one terraced area to anotherFrench Baroque GardensThe expansive vista and topiary hedges remain critical ele
10、ments but less statuary is present.Formal English GardensThe heavy influence of both French and Italian gardening is easily recognized.ColorMore in keeping with current styleFormal English GardensEstate “ParksCapability Brown removed much of the formal gardens in favor of a natural design with strea
11、ms and swards.English Gardenesque GardensHighlight individual plantings Avent of the botanical collectors approachCottage gardensChaos Theory in ScotlandChange theory of utilization of space Which elements of design are classical?Dumbarton Oaks, USWomens Garden, DABSHill Country Garden, DABSJohnson Color Garden, DABSCrape Myrtle Allee, DABSFlower Field, CA Pack Trials
