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1、语法专题语法专题 语法提分微点案语法提分微点案考点考点5非谓语动词非谓语动词微视角大领悟微视角大领悟 微学堂涨分数微学堂涨分数 微考场新演练微考场新演练 非谓语动词是语法填空题的重要考点之一，重点考查非谓语动词作主语、定语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语及with复合结构的用法。因此考生在平时学习时要掌握非谓语动词及其各种变化形式的基本用法、不同的非谓语动词形式在句子中所具有的不同的语法功能，尤其要重点掌握分词与不定式作定语的区别、作状语的区别、作表语的区别以及作宾语补足语的区别。 微视角大领悟微视角大领悟 练知考情会方法技巧练知考情会方法技巧1(2015新课标卷)What makes the ado
2、be dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _ (use) electric equipment.解析：without之后接动名词作宾语。without doing sth.“在不做某事的情况下”。2(2015新课标卷)It arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.解析：live与其所修饰的名词之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。living using 3(2015新课标
3、卷)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) _ (build) by the Pueblo Indians are admired.解析：非谓语动词build所表示的动作与其逻辑主语dwellings为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。built 4(2015新课标卷)The “walls” are now cold enough _ (cool) the house.解析：本句符合“beadj.enoughto do”结构，不定式作结果状语。5(2014新课标卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some
4、of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint)解析：考查过去分词。过去分词转换的形容词常常用来形容人或者与人有关的事物。本句的主语是some of them，所以使用过去分词转换的形容词作表语。to cool disappointed 6(2014新课标卷)It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析：句意：要用多年的工作才能减少工业污染并净化河流。在It takes time to do sth.句式中，it为形式主语，指代后面真正
5、的主语to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water。7(2014新课标卷)I heard a passenger behind me shouted to the driver, but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop.解析：句意：司机拒绝停车直到下一个车站。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。8(2014辽宁卷)Keep _ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your stren
6、gth and flexibility.解析：keep doing sth.“继续做某事”。keep后接动名词作宾语。to reduce to stop holding 在语法填空题中，若句中已有谓语动词，且所给动词也不是作并列谓语时，要填的词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.ing形式，v.ed形式还是不定式。确定的方法主要有：1作主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。2作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。3作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v.ing)，若是被动关系，用过去分词(v.ed)。1(2015新课标卷
7、短文改错)After looks at the toys for some time, he turned around.答案与解析：lookslookingafter是介词，后接动名词。2(2015陕西卷短文改错)I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.答案与解析：just后加to本句已有谓语might have to retire，故应用不定式to get表目的。3(2015四川卷短文改错)Weve been spending a lot of time sing in kara
8、oke bars.答案与解析：singsingingspend some time (in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”，故将sing改为singing。4(2015浙江卷短文改错)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.答案与解析：sitsittingenjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，故将sit改为sitting。5(2014辽宁卷短文改错)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.答案与
9、解析：understandingunderstandit is difficult to do sth.“做某事很困难”是固定句式。6My father wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.答案与解析：wanted后加towant to do sth.“想要做某事”，故加to。7One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.答案与解析：havehaving分析句子结构可知，have与句子主语为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故将have改为having
10、。8Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers.(2处错误)答案与解析：askingasked; 去掉第2个toask为谓语，故将asking改为asked, let sb. do sth.为固定用法，故去掉her后面的to。短文改错常设误点：1不定式符号to的多余与缺失感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面用不带to的不定式作宾补。want, decide, plan等动词后应接带to的不定式作宾语。2谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。3过去分
11、词与现在分词的错用区分过去分词与现在分词的意义。现在分词转化成的形容词，表“令人的”，常修饰物；过去分词转化成的形容词表“感到的”，常修饰人。4对to是介词还是不定式符号的误判不定式符号to后接动词原形。含有介词to的短语，如look forward to, add to后接动名词形式。 微学堂涨分数微学堂涨分数 语法精讲明重点难点语法精讲明重点难点 1非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。(2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It is/was no use/g
12、ooddoing sth.; It is/was not any use/gooddoing sth.；It is/was of little use/gooddoing sth.；It is/was useless doing sth.等。2非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。3固定句式do/have/其他动词sth.but(to)do sth.中的不定式用法，此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to，反之则有to的原则。1现在分词作定语与其修饰词之间为主动关系，有时也表示正在进行的动作。2
13、及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成，但不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。3动词不定式作定语表示动作尚未发生。4下列情况常用不定式作定语：(1)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或the only等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主谓关系时用不定式作定语。(2)当被修饰词为某些特定的抽象名词时，用不定式作定语，常见的名词有ability, chance, plan, promise, attempt等。非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式：1只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, advise, r
14、isk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。I admit breaking the window.2只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：wish, hope, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, mean, plan, fail, choose, would like等。If I fail to appear by 7 oclo
15、ck, I will not be coming at all.4it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。I think it important to learn English well.1“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)等后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。The missing boy was last seen playing ne
16、ar the river.2热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。3固定短语，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth.等。The patient was warned not to eat oily food.1不定式可以作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。(1)作目的状语时，常用于句首或句末。(2)作结果状语时：可用在“too .to do, enough to do, so/such .as to do”结构中。在“only to do”结构中表示出乎意料的
17、结果。(3)作原因状语时，常用在“be happy/glad/sorry/sad .to do sth.”结构中。2分词作状语的主要用法：(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。如果句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式。(2)如果句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词或者现在分词的被动形式。3源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出生于)、dressed in(穿着
18、)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 微考场新演练微考场新演练 好题巧练拿高考满分好题巧练拿高考满分 .单句训练1Its standard practice for a company like this one _ (employ) a security officer.解析：句意：对于像这样的一家公司来说，雇用一位保安是例行做法。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。分析句子结构可知句首的It是形式主语，“to employ a security officer”为真正的主语， “for . to do sth.”为不定式的复合结构。2Its quite hot today. Do you feel l
19、ike _ (go) for a swim?解析：句意：今天天气好热。你想去游泳吗？feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”。going to employ 3_ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.解析：句意：对你自己的交流需求及交流风格加以理解和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。逻辑主语与understand之间为主动关系，设空处需用非谓语动词的主动
20、形式。4Today there are more airplanes _ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.解析：句意：和过去相比，现在空中的飞机更多了，飞机的载客量也更大了。There be sb./sth. doing sth.为固定句式，其中的现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that carry more people than ever before。Understanding carrying 5The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _
21、 (return) to our shop for quality problems.解析：句意：生产商会定期来收回因质量问题退回到我们店的照相机。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。cameras和return之间是被动关系，并且是已经完成的动作，所以要用过去分词。6_ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.解析：句意：为了赶上早班航班，我们提前预订了出租车，并且起得很早。根据句意可知设空处为目的状语，故用不定式形式。To catch returned 7 _ (absorb) in p
22、ainting, John didnt notice evening approaching.解析：句意：由于在全神贯注地画画，约翰没有察觉到夜幕降临了。考查非谓语动词作原因状语。设空处动作与句子主语John之间为被动关系，再结合固定搭配be absorbed in可知答案为Absorbed。8_ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.解析：句意：已经忙活了两天了，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。设空处动作与句子主语Steve之间为逻辑上的主动关系且发生在句子谓语动词managed之前，所以要用ha
23、ving done形式。Having worked Absorbed 9_ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.解析：句意：他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区长大的，经过一条漫长而艰难的道路才成了一名足球明星。raise与句子主语之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词形式。10Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his moth
24、er _ (take) good care of at home.解析：句意：在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，李医生回来后十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语his mother与动词短语take good care of之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成，故用过去分词形式。 taken Raised .语法填空Passage 1(2015广东卷语法填空改编)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandone
25、d. _ (lucky), he also had a cow _ (produce) milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rai
26、n heavily. While _ (make) great efforts to run away, she _ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living without the cow. In order _ (support) his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. fell a Luckily producing was left making to support Since the plants too
27、k a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to _ that his far
28、m had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.him to sell where 解析：本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了主人公Mr. Johnson的生活经历。虽然他意外地失去了以往用以谋生的奶牛，却在之后的生活中收获了更多，可谓“塞翁失马焉知非福”。1考查冠词。本空后为单数名词farm，且第一次提到，故填a。2考查词性转换。本空修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，故填Luckily。3现在分词作后置定语。4考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，又因为动作发生在过去应用一般
29、过去时，故填was left。5 6考查动词的时态。此空前为主语she, 根据语境可知应用一般过去时，故填fell。8考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处表示他开始砍伐树木的目的，故填to sell。9考查定语从句。先行词是表地点的名词market，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。10考查代词。根据句型It occurred to sb. that .“某人想到”及上下文中的人称使用情况可知答案。Passage 2America is a _ (develop) country. It has a history of more than 200 years. When it was
30、 founded, only men _ (permit) to go to school. Women could not get a higher education or hold public office. The womens places was considered _ (be) at home. Women _ (work) outside were not common. They usually had poor jobs and little respect. However, with time _ (go) by, colleges or universities
31、_ (found) for women have increased. In the early part of the century, women were finally allowed _ (vote). During and since World War ， women have been considered a necessary part of the country. developed were permitted to be working going founded to vote Today, many women hold important positions
32、or careers. But many women are not _ (satisfy) with their todays situation. They claimed that they are not paid as the same as men for the same job. Some top positions _ (hold) by men in the past are still in mens hands. In many ways, womens life is still dominated by her husband or father. So there
33、 is still a long way for them _ (go)to go satisfied held 解析：美国是一个有着200多年历史的国家，以前妇女没有权利，后来她们能够上学，能够外出工作，成为国家必要的组成部分。1考查分词形容词。过去分词作定语，a developed country“一个发达国家”。2考查动词时态和语态。这里指“只有男人才被允许(were permitted)上学”。3考查非谓语动词。consider sb./sth. to do sth.是固定用法。4work与women为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。5 with time going by“随着时间的流逝”。6 found与colleges or universities为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。7 be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”。8考查形容词。此处为固定搭配，be satisfied with“对满意”。9 hold与positions为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。10不定式作后置定语修饰long way。
