塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响英文

上传人:人*** 文档编号:584943095 上传时间:2024-09-01 格式:PPT 页数:19 大小:8.87MB
返回 下载 相关 举报
塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响英文_第1页
第1页 / 共19页
塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响英文_第2页
第2页 / 共19页
塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响英文_第3页
第3页 / 共19页
塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响英文_第4页
第4页 / 共19页
塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响英文_第5页
第5页 / 共19页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响英文》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响英文(19页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、How plastic waste is affecting wildlife and fisheriesThemainwasteintheoceanisthePlasticdebris.About80percentofmarinedebrisisplastic.Everyyear,ahugenumberofseabirds,turtles,andfisheriesdiedofeatingplasticdebrisbymistake.HumanactionsthatpollutedthepacificoceanMerchantshipsexpelcargo,sewage,usedmedical

2、equipment,andothertypesofwastethatcontainplasticintotheocean.Navalandresearchvesselsejectwasteandmilitaryequipmentthataredeemedunnecessary.Pleasurecraftsreleasefishinggearandothertypesofwaste,eitheraccidentallyorthroughnegligenthandling.Thelargestocean-basedsourceofplasticpollutionisdiscardedfishing

3、gear(includingtrapsandnets),estimatedtobeupto90%ofplasticdebrisinsomeareas.(Hammer,J;Kraak,MH;Parsons&JR,2012)TheorganismthatisbeingaffectedSeabirdsWhalesFisheriesSealsSealionsSeaturtleDolphinsAquaticwildlifecanbethreatenedbysuffocation.Obviously,thisseaturtlewasscarred.Afterthispicturewastaken,mayb

4、eitwoulddiesoon.Aswecanimagine,therearestillthousandsofseaturtlesunderthethreatenofplasticdebris.Ifnoonehelpsthem,theyarejustdyinglonely,scared,anddesperated.Example:thisseaturtleistakingaplasticbaginExample:thesealisstuckbyfishingnetsAseaturtlethatistrappedbyarubberbandThispicturetellsusasadstoryab

5、outthisturtle:itwastrappedaccidentallywhenitwasyoung.Asitgrewbiggerandbigger,therubberbandlimitedit.Asaresult,itsbodywasdeformed.Convincingdata(onPacificOcean)Ina2008PacificGyrevoyage,AlgalitaMarineResearchFoundationresearchersbeganfindingthatfishareeatingplasticfragmentsandwaste.Ofthe672fishcaughtd

6、uringthatvoyage,35%hadateplasticpieces. Click to see more detailsTheNorthPacificGyre,forexample,hascollectedtheso-called“GreatPacificGarbagePatch”,whichisnowestimatedtobeonetotwentytimesthesizeofTexas(approximatelyfrom700,000to15,000,000squarekilometers).Insamplestakenin1999,themassofplasticexceeded

7、thatofzooplankton(thedominantanimallifeinthearea)byafactorofsix.(Weisman&Alan,2007).Click to see more detailsEffectsonwildlife&fisheries(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)1.EntanglementEntanglementisresponsibleformanydifferentkindsofwildlife.Suchasseals,fish,turtles,andbirds.Theseanimalsgetcaughti

8、nthedebrisandendupsuffocatingordrowning.Theydonthavehandslikeustountanglethemselves,asaresult,theydiefromtheirinabilitytoescapetheirpredators.(Hammer,J;Kraak,MH;Parsons&JR2012).Effectsonwildlife&fisheries(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)2.IngestionSeaanimalsSeaanimalsTurtlessometimesmistakeplast

9、icbagsforjellyfish.“Thisplasticdebriscankilltheseaturtlebyobstructingtheesophagus.”(Gregory&M.R.14June2009)Sotooarewhales;largeamountsofplasticshavebeenfoundinthestomachsofbeachedwhales.Truth:InJune2018,morethan80plasticbagswerefoundinsideadyingpilotwhalethatwashedupontheshoresofThailand.(Whalediesf

10、romeatingmorethan80plasticbags.TheGuardian.June2,2018.RetrievedJune17,2018.)Aheart-brokenphotoAheart-brokenphotoAnexhibitattheMoteMarineLaboratorythatdisplaysplasticbagsintheoceanthatlooksimilartojellyfish.Effectsonwildlife&fisheries(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)2.IngestionBirdsBirdsSeabirdso

11、ftenmistaketrashfloatingontheoceanssurfaceasprey.Evenworse,marineplasticpollutioncanreachbirdsthathaveneverbeenatthesea.Parentsmayaccidentallyfeedtheirnestlingsplastic,mistakingitforfood.(Rodrguez,A;etal.)Seabirdchicksarethemostvulnerabletoplasticingestionsincetheycantvomituptheirfoodliketheadultsea

12、birds.(Derraik,J.G.B.,2002)Thebiodiversityofthe“GreatPacificGarbagePatch”isdecreasingReasons:1.Fauna&FloraInternational(FFI)hasalreadyconfirmedthatplasticdebriswillposeagrowingthreattoMarinebiodiversityandmarinefoodchainin2010.2.Therewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheoceanby2050,warnedtheEllenMacArthurF

13、oundationinareportpublishedTuesday.(ThereWillBeMorePlasticThanFishintheOceanby2050,January19,2016)3.Scientistssaidthatwhalessuchaswhalesharksareendangered.Currently,thewhalesharkhasbeenlistedontheworldunionforconservationofnature(IUCN)redlistofendangeredspeciesver3.1vulnerable(VU)in2005,andisalsolis

14、tedinCITESlevelprotectionofanimalsundertheWashingtonconvention.EffortsthathumanmadetohelpthoseorganismsEveryyear,June5isobservedasWorldEnvironmentDaytoraiseawarenessandincreasegovernmentactiononthepressingissue.In2018,IndiaisthehosttothisyearsWorldEnvironmentDayandthethemeisBeatPlasticPollutionwithf

15、ocusonsingle-useordisposableplastic.On11April2013inordertocreateawareness,artistMariaCristinaFinuccifoundedTheGarbagePatchStateatUNESCOParisinfrontofDirectorGeneralIrinaBokova.(Thegarbagepatchterritoryturnsintoanewstate-UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization.unesco.org.)Firstofas

16、eriesofeventsunderthepatronageofUNESCOandofItalianMinistryoftheEnvironment.80Althoughwemadesomeefforttohelpthoseorganisms,therearestillahugenumberofthingsthatweshoulddo.Inmyopinion,itisourdutytokeepourbeautifulhome-theearthclean,andtryourbesttoprotectthebiodiversity.I hope that every corner of the Pacific is as clean as this place.Thankyouforwatching!

展开阅读全文
相关资源
正为您匹配相似的精品文档
相关搜索

最新文档


当前位置:首页 > 办公文档 > 工作计划

电脑版 |金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号