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1、How plastic waste is affecting wildlife and fisheriesThemainwasteintheoceanisthePlasticdebris.About80percentofmarinedebrisisplastic.Everyyear,ahugenumberofseabirds,turtles,andfisheriesdiedofeatingplasticdebrisbymistake.HumanactionsthatpollutedthepacificoceanMerchantshipsexpelcargo,sewage,usedmedical
2、equipment,andothertypesofwastethatcontainplasticintotheocean.Navalandresearchvesselsejectwasteandmilitaryequipmentthataredeemedunnecessary.Pleasurecraftsreleasefishinggearandothertypesofwaste,eitheraccidentallyorthroughnegligenthandling.Thelargestocean-basedsourceofplasticpollutionisdiscardedfishing
3、gear(includingtrapsandnets),estimatedtobeupto90%ofplasticdebrisinsomeareas.（Hammer,J;Kraak,MH;Parsons&JR,2012）TheorganismthatisbeingaffectedSeabirdsWhalesFisheriesSealsSealionsSeaturtleDolphinsAquaticwildlifecanbethreatenedbysuffocation.Obviously,thisseaturtlewasscarred.Afterthispicturewastaken,mayb
4、eitwoulddiesoon.Aswecanimagine,therearestillthousandsofseaturtlesunderthethreatenofplasticdebris.Ifnoonehelpsthem,theyarejustdyinglonely,scared,anddesperated.Example:thisseaturtleistakingaplasticbaginExample:thesealisstuckbyfishingnetsAseaturtlethatistrappedbyarubberbandThispicturetellsusasadstoryab
5、outthisturtle:itwastrappedaccidentallywhenitwasyoung.Asitgrewbiggerandbigger,therubberbandlimitedit.Asaresult,itsbodywasdeformed.Convincingdata(onPacificOcean)Ina2008PacificGyrevoyage,AlgalitaMarineResearchFoundationresearchersbeganfindingthatfishareeatingplasticfragmentsandwaste.Ofthe672fishcaughtd
6、uringthatvoyage,35%hadateplasticpieces. Click to see more detailsTheNorthPacificGyre,forexample,hascollectedtheso-called“GreatPacificGarbagePatch”,whichisnowestimatedtobeonetotwentytimesthesizeofTexas(approximatelyfrom700,000to15,000,000squarekilometers).Insamplestakenin1999,themassofplasticexceeded
7、thatofzooplankton(thedominantanimallifeinthearea)byafactorofsix.(Weisman&Alan，2007).Click to see more detailsEffectsonwildlife&fisheries(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)1.EntanglementEntanglementisresponsibleformanydifferentkindsofwildlife.Suchasseals,fish,turtles,andbirds.Theseanimalsgetcaughti
8、nthedebrisandendupsuffocatingordrowning.Theydonthavehandslikeustountanglethemselves,asaresult,theydiefromtheirinabilitytoescapetheirpredators.（Hammer,J;Kraak,MH;Parsons&JR2012).Effectsonwildlife&fisheries(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)2.IngestionSeaanimalsSeaanimalsTurtlessometimesmistakeplast
9、icbagsforjellyfish.“Thisplasticdebriscankilltheseaturtlebyobstructingtheesophagus.”(Gregory&M.R.14June2009)Sotooarewhales;largeamountsofplasticshavebeenfoundinthestomachsofbeachedwhales.Truth:InJune2018,morethan80plasticbagswerefoundinsideadyingpilotwhalethatwashedupontheshoresofThailand.(Whalediesf
10、romeatingmorethan80plasticbags.TheGuardian.June2,2018.RetrievedJune17,2018.)Aheart-brokenphotoAheart-brokenphotoAnexhibitattheMoteMarineLaboratorythatdisplaysplasticbagsintheoceanthatlooksimilartojellyfish.Effectsonwildlife&fisheries(howhavetheplasticdebrisaffectedthem)2.IngestionBirdsBirdsSeabirdso
11、ftenmistaketrashfloatingontheoceanssurfaceasprey.Evenworse,marineplasticpollutioncanreachbirdsthathaveneverbeenatthesea.Parentsmayaccidentallyfeedtheirnestlingsplastic,mistakingitforfood.(Rodrguez,A;etal.)Seabirdchicksarethemostvulnerabletoplasticingestionsincetheycantvomituptheirfoodliketheadultsea
12、birds.(Derraik,J.G.B.，2002)Thebiodiversityofthe“GreatPacificGarbagePatch”isdecreasingReasons:1.Fauna&FloraInternational(FFI)hasalreadyconfirmedthatplasticdebriswillposeagrowingthreattoMarinebiodiversityandmarinefoodchainin2010.2.Therewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheoceanby2050,warnedtheEllenMacArthurF
13、oundationinareportpublishedTuesday.(ThereWillBeMorePlasticThanFishintheOceanby2050,January19,2016)3.Scientistssaidthatwhalessuchaswhalesharksareendangered.Currently,thewhalesharkhasbeenlistedontheworldunionforconservationofnature(IUCN)redlistofendangeredspeciesver3.1vulnerable(VU)in2005,andisalsolis
14、tedinCITESlevelprotectionofanimalsundertheWashingtonconvention.EffortsthathumanmadetohelpthoseorganismsEveryyear,June5isobservedasWorldEnvironmentDaytoraiseawarenessandincreasegovernmentactiononthepressingissue.In2018,IndiaisthehosttothisyearsWorldEnvironmentDayandthethemeisBeatPlasticPollutionwithf
15、ocusonsingle-useordisposableplastic.On11April2013inordertocreateawareness,artistMariaCristinaFinuccifoundedTheGarbagePatchStateatUNESCOParisinfrontofDirectorGeneralIrinaBokova.(Thegarbagepatchterritoryturnsintoanewstate-UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization.unesco.org.)Firstofas
16、eriesofeventsunderthepatronageofUNESCOandofItalianMinistryoftheEnvironment.80Althoughwemadesomeefforttohelpthoseorganisms,therearestillahugenumberofthingsthatweshoulddo.Inmyopinion,itisourdutytokeepourbeautifulhome-theearthclean,andtryourbesttoprotectthebiodiversity.I hope that every corner of the Pacific is as clean as this place.Thankyouforwatching!
