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1、The Attributive Clause语法专题语法专题 :定语从句定语从句（一）（一）Harry Pottera boy with glassesa boy who is brave and wearing glassesa brave boyattributive(adjective)(prepositional phrase)(attributive clause)Who are you?Who are you?Who are you?Who are you?I am a spaceman. A spaceman is a person.He works and travels in
2、 space.A spaceman is a person . He works and travels in space.whoHow did you come here?How did you come here?How did you come here?How did you come here?I was sent into the sky by a space craft.A space craft is a vehicle（运运载工具）载工具）. It can travel in space.A space craft is a vehicle _ can travel in s
3、pace.that / whichvi:iklvehicleWhen did you come here?When did you come here?When did you come here?When did you come here?I came here on Oct.15 , 2003.Oct.15,2003 was the day _ I was sent into the skywhen Where do you work and live?Where do you work and live?Where do you work and live?Where do you w
4、ork and live?space capsule(太空舱太空舱)I work and live in a space capsule.A space capsule is a place _ a spaceman works and lives.wherecapsuleSummary1. A spaceman is a person who works and travels in space. 2. A space craft is a vehicle that/ which can travel in space.3. A space capsule is a place where
5、an astronaut works.4. 15th Oct. 2003 was the day when Yang Liwei was sent into the skyThe Attributive Clause(定语从句）先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school wher
6、e I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词Subject I dont know the girl. The girl is standing there.I dont know the girl who is standing there.ObjectI like the
7、dictionary. My father bought the dictionary.I like the dictionary that my father bought.PredicativeJack used to be a lazy boy. Jack is no longer a lazy boy. Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.AttributiveShe lives in the house. The windows of the house face south.She lives in the house
8、 whose windows face south.AdverbialI will never forget the day. I visited the Summer Palace on the day.I will never forget the day when I visited the Summer Palace.This is not the reason. He was late for the reason.This is not the reason why he was late.The Attributive Clause(定语从句）定语从句）一一 、概念、概念1. 在
9、复合句中，修饰某一在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词名词或代词的从句叫作的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句。2.定语从句所修饰的词，叫定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词先行词，定语从句放在定语从句放在先行词后面。先行词后面。3.连接先行词与定语从句的词叫连接先行词与定语从句的词叫引导词引导词:关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词aswhythat which who whom whosewherewhen4. 关系代词在定语从句中可作关系代词在定语从句中可作 主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语关系副词在定语从句中只可作关系副词在定语从句中只可作状语状语关系词通常有下列三个作用 1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 2)代替先行词
10、代替先行词 在定语从句中作宾语在定语从句中作宾语 The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle had just boughtwhich是引导定语句的关系词是引导定语句的关系词代替先行词代替先行词the carThe car was destroyed in the earthquake主句主句(定语从句定语从句)修饰先行词修饰先行词the car3)在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分(看先行词可以还看先行词可以还原到从句什么位置，如果要加介词才能还原，原
11、到从句什么位置，如果要加介词才能还原，则为状语，要用关系副词则为状语，要用关系副词when, where, why)从句可还原为从句可还原为 My uncle had just bought the car. 1.A spaceman is a person who works and travels in space.2. Space capsule is a place where an astronaut works.antecedent 先行词先行词relative pronoun关系代词代替先行关系代词代替先行词词a person在在从句从句中做主中做主 语语 relative ad
12、verb关关系副词代替先行系副词代替先行词词a place在从句在从句中做状语中做状语 antecedent 先行词先行词The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world. whom that(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new. which (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.Join the sente
13、nces.(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with. who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen. 二、关系代词的用法二、关系代词的用法1.指人指人且在定语从句中作主语时用在定语从句中作主语时用who (主主格格) A.The woman is a doct
14、or. She lives next door.The woman is a doctor.B. I know lots of people. They can speak English.I know lots of people . 注意：注意：who 可用可用that替换，不能省略，但多用替换，不能省略，但多用who。who lives next doorwho can speak English .a.The boy is very friendly.He sits beside me.The boy who sits beside me is very friendly.b.Is h
15、e the man? He sells eggs.Is he the man who sells eggs?2.指人且指人且在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语时用时用whom(宾格) ,可替换可替换 her,him,them等。等。A.The man is called Smith.I saw him last week.The man is called Smith.B. The professor has come. You wish to see him.The professor has come.whom I saw last weekwhom you wi
16、sh to see/that/ that1、在口语中可用、在口语中可用who /that替换替换whom指人指人, who, that, whom在从句中在从句中作宾语可省略作宾语可省略。2、如果关系代词、如果关系代词who/ that/ whom在从句中作介词在从句中作介词的宾语，有以下几种情况：的宾语，有以下几种情况：A.如关系代词紧跟介词之后如如关系代词紧跟介词之后如: to whom / from whom /with whom 介词后只能用介词后只能用whom, 不能用不能用who/that替换替换, whom不能省略不能省略。The person to whom you talke
17、d is Mr .LiB.如如介词介词置于置于定语从句的定语从句的谓语动词之后谓语动词之后,可可用关用关系代词系代词who / that替换替换whom且且可省略。可省略。The person (who/that/whom) you talked to is Mr Li.注意：注意：3.指物时用指物时用which / that，在定语从句中做主，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。a.We are planting trees. They dont need much water.We are planting trees which/that dont nee
18、d much water.b.Have you found the keys? You lost them.Have you found the keys which/that you lost?4. that指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who或或whom；指物时，；指物时，相当于相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。作宾语时可省略。()5. whose 是所有格，指指“某人的，某物的某人的，某物的” ，在定语从句中作定语，可替换，在定语从句中作定语，可替换her ,his, their, its等，关系词等，关系词whose实际上是实际上是先
19、行词的所有格，先行词的所有格，在从句中限定另一名词。A. We saw some people. Their car had broken down.We saw some people whose car had broken down. 注意：注意：whose代替物，相当于代替物，相当于the+ n. +of which或或of which+ the+ n.结构；代替人相当于结构；代替人相当于the+ n. +of whom或或of whom+ the+ n.结构结构 B. Id like a room. Its window looks out over the sea.Id like
20、a room whose window looks out over the sea.(the car of whom ) (the window of which )=of whom the car/of which the windowWhich house is mineWhich house is mine? ?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house roof is brown is mine.whoseMy houseExercises:用关系代词填空，用括号表示可省略的关系代词：用关系代词填空，用括号表示可省略的关系代词：1.The people _ we met at par
21、ty were from England.who/that/whom2.Do you know anybody in the class _ is very good at English?who/that 3.This is the school _we all want to go to. that/which4.He pointed to the student about _ we talked the day before.whom()()about5.The stranger _ Dr Johnson is speaking to is the dead boys father.
22、whom()who/whom/that8.A widow is a person _ husband is dead.whose9.Do you know John _ hand-writing is very good?whose10.This is an interesting book _ he lent me to read yesterday. that/which6.The baby _youre looking after is just two months old.7. Can you pass the book _ cover is red?whose()( 功能功能从句中
23、的作从句中的作用用代替人代替人代替物代替物代替人代替人或物或物主语主语宾语宾语定语定语whowhichthatthatwhichwhomwhose(=of whom )whose(=of which)关系代词用法的几点注意事项：关系代词用法的几点注意事项：1、关系代词只有在从句中作宾语时才有可能、关系代词只有在从句中作宾语时才有可能省略省略。作介词宾语且介词在前时不可省。作介词宾语且介词在前时不可省。4、关系代词、关系代词who,that,which在从句中作主语时，在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数与其所修饰的先行词必从句谓语动词的人称和数与其所修饰的先行词必须一致。须一致。2、介词在
24、前时只可用关系代词、介词在前时只可用关系代词whom（人）（人）, which（物），且不可省。介词与关系代词一起（物），且不可省。介词与关系代词一起放在主、从句之间。但为了使关系代词紧跟先行放在主、从句之间。但为了使关系代词紧跟先行词，也可将介词放在定语从句的谓语动词之后。词，也可将介词放在定语从句的谓语动词之后。3、介词在从句的谓语动词之后时，关系代词、介词在从句的谓语动词之后时，关系代词 who, whom, that, which均可用，且可省略均可用，且可省略 。 as 作为关系代词在定语从句中的用法作为关系代词在定语从句中的用法: as在引导限定性定语从句时在引导限定性定语从句时,
25、 主要用在主要用在“such/soas” 和和 “the sameas” 的结构的结构中中,代替先行词是人或物的名词，在从句中作代替先行词是人或物的名词，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时一般不省略。主语或宾语，作宾语时一般不省略。 (cf.)He is such a good teacher_ everyone respects him.（suchthat引导结果状语从句）引导结果状语从句）1. He is such a good teacher_ everyone respects /_ is respected by everyone.（定语从句）（定语从句）asasthat注意：注意：as
26、在句中分别作宾语、主语，而在句中分别作宾语、主语，而 that不作不作成分。成分。suchsuch2. This is the same watch _ ( ) I have lost.在在“ the sameas” 结构中结构中, as 可用可用 that，as /that 在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语; 但意思将发生变化：但意思将发生变化：the sameas 指一类，指一类，the samethat 指同一个。指同一个。asthatthe same重点词汇讲解：重点词汇讲解：1. develop vt. & vi. sb. / sth. from sth. into sth. （使某人（
27、使某人某某事物事物）发展，发育，成长，发达）发展，发育，成长，发达The place has developed from a fishing port into a tourist centre. 这地方由原来的渔港发展成一个旅游中心。这地方由原来的渔港发展成一个旅游中心。开发，利用（土地、水利资源等）开发，利用（土地、水利资源等）The site is being developed by a London property company.这块地正在由伦敦的一家地产公司开发。这块地正在由伦敦的一家地产公司开发。冲洗（底片），使（底片）显影冲洗（底片），使（底片）显影How long do
28、es it take to develop these photos? 冲洗这些照片需要多长时间？冲洗这些照片需要多长时间？联想联想developed adj. 先进的，发达的，成熟先进的，发达的，成熟的的The average citizen in the developed world uses over 155kg of paper per year. 发达国家的普通公民每年消费的发达国家的普通公民每年消费的纸超过纸超过155千克。千克。 developing adj. 发展中的发展中的People in many developing countries are living a be
29、tter life now. 很多发展中国家人民的生活都比以前好很多发展中国家人民的生活都比以前好了。了。development n. 发展，进展程度发展，进展程度What are the latest developments? 最近有什么新的发展？最近有什么新的发展？请说出下列句中划线词的汉语意思。请说出下列句中划线词的汉语意思。1. When did you develop an interest in collecting cards?2. The recent development of our town has been surprising. 3. America is one of the developed countries in the world.Key: 1. 培养培养 2. 发展发展 3. 发达的发达的
