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1、必修必修 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars要点考点梳理要点考点梳理1. _ n. 卫星星2. _ n. 气候气候3. _ n. 宇宙宇宙飞船船4. _ n. 引力；重力引力；重力5. _ n. 气氛；大气气氛；大气层6. _ n. 宗教宗教_adj. 宗教的宗教的7. _ n. 生物生物_n. 生物学家生物学家 satellite climatespaceshipgravity atmospherereligionreligiousbiologybiologist重点重点单词8. _ n. 物理物理_n. 物理学家物理学家9. _ n. 天文
2、学天文学_n. 天文学家天文学家10. _ adv. 因此；于是因此；于是 (同同义词) _ physicsphysicist(注意：注意：astronomyastronomer thus therefore/consequently/hencephysician 意为意为“内科医生内科医生”) 11. _ vi. 存在；生存存在；生存_n. 生生存；存在存；存在12. _ n.&vt. 拉；拖拉；拖 (反反义词) _ n.& vt. 推推13. _ prep. 不像；不同不像；不同 (反反义词) _ prep. 像像existexistencepullpush unlikelike14. _
3、 n. 地球；球体地球；球体_adj. 环球的；全球的球的；全球的15. _ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；猛烈的；激烈的；强强暴的暴的_n. 暴力暴力16. _ n. 系系统；体系；制度；体系；制度_adj. 系系统的；有系的；有系统的的 globeglobalviolentviolence systemsystematic17. _ adj. 有害的有害的_n. 损害；害；伤害害(反反义词)_adj. 无害的无害的18. _ n. 理理论；学；学说_adj. 理理论上的；理上的；理论的的_adv. 理理论上上harmfulharmharmlesstheorytheoretical theore
4、tically19. _ n. 谜；难题 v. (使使)迷惑迷惑_adj. 令人困惑的令人困惑的_ adj. 困惑的困惑的20. _ adj. 基本的；基基本的；基础的的_adv. 根本上；从根本上根本上；从根本上_n. 基基础；根本；根本puzzle puzzlingpuzzledfundamentalfundamentallyfundament/foundation1. 及及时_ 2. 下蛋下蛋_3. 生；分娩生；分娩_ 4. 轮到某人；接着到某人；接着_5. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事_ 6. 挡住住_7. 感到高感到高兴；振作；振作_in timelay eggsgive birth
5、 to in ones turnprevent sb. from doing sth. block out cheer up 重点短重点短语8. 既然既然_ 9. 爆爆发_ 10. 密切注密切注视；当心；提防；当心；提防_11. 熟悉；掌握；理解熟悉；掌握；理解_ 12. 对有害有害_13. 太阳系太阳系_ 14. 二氧化碳二氧化碳_ now thatbreak outwatch out (for)get the hang of be harmful to/do harm tosolar system carbon dioxide 15. 将要做将要做_ 16. 允允许某人做某事某人做某事_1
6、7. 对感到惊感到惊讶_ _ 18. 在在的氛的氛围中中_19. 奠定基奠定基础_ 20. 一一连串的串的_ be to doallow sb. to do sth. be amazed at in the atmosphere of lay the foundation a chain of1. _ was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental _ the development of life. 水会水会对生命的生命的发展起展起关关键作用，作用，这一点在当一点在当时并不太明并不太明显。 Itto优美句子美句子2.
7、What it was _ (become) was uncertain _ between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago _ the dust settled into a solid globe. 它会它会变成什么成什么还没有人知没有人知道，直到道，直到38亿45亿年前，年前，这团尘埃才慢慢埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球体。地形成一个固体的球体。to become untilwhen3. What is even _ (important) is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on _ s
8、urface. 更更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出地球的表面就开始出现了水。了水。more importantits 4. So _ life will continue on the earth for millions of years _ (come) will depend on whether this problem can _ (solve). 所以，在未来的数百万所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于取决于这个个问题能否得到解决。能否得到解决。 whetherto comebe solved5. I
9、 cheered up immediately and _ (float) weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin _ (watch) the earth become smaller and the moon _ (large). 我立我立刻感到很高刻感到很高兴，由于失重，我在太空，由于失重，我在太空舱里里飘来来飘去，我望着去，我望着(身后的身后的)地球越来越小，地球越来越小，而而(前方的前方的)月球越来越大。月球越来越大。floatedwatchinglarger No one knows exactly how the earth began
10、, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a (wide) accepted theory, the universe began a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud
11、 of dust. What _ was to become was (certain)widelywith the ituncertain课文文语法填空法填空until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago _ the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It _ (explode) loudly with fire and rock. They were in
12、time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear its surface.when thatexplodedwhich on重点难点突破重点难点突破1. harmful adj. 有害的；有害的；伤害的害的自我自我检测 用介用介词或所或所给词的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。(1)
13、Generally speaking, natural _ (obese) shouldnt be _(harm) to human bodies.obesityharmful (2) As is known to all, drinking is harmful _ our health. Thats to say, it does harm _ our body. Therefore, we shouldnt drink but to do something _ (harm) to our health.totoharmlessbe harmful to 对有害有害do harm to
14、sb. = do sb. harm 对某某人有害人有害处归纳总结写作运用写作运用 翻翻译合并下列句子。合并下列句子。(1) 手机，手机，毫无疑毫无疑问，给我我们的生活的生活带来极来极大的大的便利便利。Mobile phones, without doubt, bring great convenience to our life.(2) 它它们的的辐射射可能可能对我我们的健康的健康有害有害。Their radiation may be harmful to/do harm to our health.(用用让步状步状语从句从句)合并：合并：Although mobile phones, wit
15、hout doubt, bring great convenience to our life, their radiation may be harmful to/do harm to our health.2. exist vi. 存在；生存；生活；存在；生存；生活；继续存在存在自我自我检测 用所用所给词的适当形式填空或完成的适当形式填空或完成句子。句子。(1) They completely ignored these facts _ (好像它好像它们不存在不存在似的似的).(2) Many materials can _ (作作为而存在而存在) a variety of solid f
16、orms.as if they never existed exist as (3) People cant _ (生存生存) without air. That means our _ (exist) depends on air.(4) He could hardly _ (靠靠生生存存) such a low salary.existexistenceexist onexist in 存在于存在于中中exist on=live on 靠靠生活生活exist as 作作为而存在而存在归纳总结写作运用写作运用 翻翻译合并下列句子。合并下列句子。(1) 恐恐龙是地球上最大的是地球上最大的生物生
17、物之一。之一。The dinosaur is one of the largest creatures on earth.(2) 六千多万年以前，六千多万年以前，恐恐龙就就存在存在地球上。地球上。Dinosaurs existed on Earth more than sixty million years ago. (用同位用同位语手段手段)合并：合并：Dinosaurs, one of the largest creatures on earth, existed on Earth more than sixty million years ago.3. puzzle n. 谜；难题；迷惑
18、；迷惑 v. (使使)迷惑；迷惑；(使使)为难自我自我检测 用适当的介用适当的介词填空或完成句子。填空或完成句子。(1) How the universe came into being is still a puzzle _ many people.(2) _ (让我困惑的事情我困惑的事情) is why they didnt turn up in time.toWhat puzzles me (3) He was quite puzzled _ what to do next.(4) Everyone was a bit puzzled _ her strange reaction. ab
19、out bybe puzzled by 被被迷惑迷惑be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来某人来说是个是个谜/困惑困惑be/feel puzzled about 对感到困惑感到困惑归纳总结写作运用写作运用 翻翻译合并下列句子。合并下列句子。(1) 我我被被这个个问题迷惑住迷惑住了。了。I was puzzled by the problem.(2) 我决定弄清楚它的答案。我决定弄清楚它的答案。I decided to figure out the answer to it.(用用过去分去分词短短语作状作状语)合并：合并：Puzzled by the problem, I decided
20、 to figure out the answer to it.4. prevent/stop/keep.from 阻止阻止/防止防止做做/发生生自我自我检测 根据括号内的根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。提示完成句子。(1) The government is taking measures to _ _ (阻止阻止气候气候变得越来越糟糕得越来越糟糕).prevent/stop/keep the climate from gettingworse(2) In a way, the atmosphere can help _ (保保护人人们不受不受有害射有害射线的侵害的侵害). protect p
21、eople from the harmful ray归纳总结提示：在主动语态的句子中，提示：在主动语态的句子中，stop和和prevent后后 的的from可省略，但可省略，但keep后的后的from不能省略；在被动语态中，此三个短语中的不能省略；在被动语态中，此三个短语中的from均不可省略。均不可省略。比较：比较：protect .from.保护保护不受不受写作运用写作运用 翻翻译合并下列句子。合并下列句子。(1) 依我看依我看，政府理，政府理应采取有效措施防止采取有效措施防止雾霾霾(haze)变得得越来越糟糕。越来越糟糕。As far as I am concerned, the gov
22、ernment is supposed to take effective measures to prevent the haze from getting worse.(2) 雾霾大大地霾大大地影响影响了人了人们的日常生活。的日常生活。The haze has greatly affected peoples daily life.(用非限定性定用非限定性定语从句从句)合并：合并：As far as I am concerned, the government is supposed to take effective measures to prevent the haze, which
23、 has greatly affected peoples daily life, from getting worse.5. now that 由于；既然由于；既然自我自我检测 用适当的关用适当的关联词填空。填空。(1) _ you are willing to take a chance, then go ahead!(2) _ the problem has been identified, appropriate measures should be taken.Since/Now that Since/Now that (3) It is _ he lacked enough con
24、fidence that he suffered from failure.because(4) _ he went away, I suddenly felt not sure of myself on this matter.(5) He must be a good student, _ he is always careful with his lessons.Asfor归纳总结提示：提示：since与与now that(既然既然)引导的原因引导的原因状语从句一般置于主句之前；状语从句一般置于主句之前；because(因因为为)引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之后；引导的原因状语从句通常
25、放在主句之后；as(由于由于)引导的原因状语从句一般位于主引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句前，也可位于主句后。此外，并列连词句前，也可位于主句后。此外，并列连词for也可表示原因，引出原因分句只能放在也可表示原因，引出原因分句只能放在另一个分句之后。另一个分句之后。写作运用写作运用 翻翻译合并下列句子。合并下列句子。(1) 你已你已经掌握掌握了了太阳系太阳系的的相关理相关理论。You have already got the hang of the relevant theory of the solar system.(2) 请向我向我们解解释一下一下这个个现象象吧。吧。Please expl
26、ain the phenomenon to us.(用原因状用原因状语从句从句)合并：合并：Now that/Since you have already got the hang of the relevant theory of the solar system, please explain the phenomenon to us.6. break out (火灾火灾/战争争/地震等地震等)爆爆发；发生生自我自我检测 用适当的介用适当的介词或副或副词填空。填空。(1) A fire broke _ in our school, and it caused much alarm.(2)
27、A thief broke _ our house and stole all our money.out into(3) It was the trouble of money that broke _ their marriage.(4) Those soldiers sought to break _ the lines of the enemy.upthroughbreak into 破破门而入而入break up 打碎；打碎；结束；解散束；解散break away from 脱离脱离break down 发生故障；抛生故障；抛锚break through 突破；突突破；突围归纳总结写
28、作运用写作运用 翻翻译合并下列句子。合并下列句子。(1) 2008年，汶川年，汶川发生生了一了一场可怕的可怕的地震地震。In 2008, a terrible earthquake broke out in Wenchuan.(2) 地震地震给那里的人民造成了巨大的那里的人民造成了巨大的损失。失。The earthquake caused great damage to the people there.(用用现在分在分词作状作状语)合并：合并：In 2008, a terrible earthquake broke out in Wenchuan, causing great damage
29、to the people there.7. in ones turn 轮到某人；接着到某人；接着自我自我检测 用所用所给词的适当形式填空或完成的适当形式填空或完成句子。句子。(1) Thus elephants have, _(接接着着), become the biggest animals on land.(2) Dont forget that _(轮到到你你) to take out the trash.in their turn its your turn (3) _(轮到我到我), I showed them the pictures.(4) Susan and her brot
30、her take turns _(do) the dishes.In my turn doing/to doIts sbs turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事到某人做某事take turns to do sth./doing sth. 轮流流/依次依次做某事做某事归纳总结写作运用写作运用 翻翻译合并下列句子。合并下列句子。(1) 他他们接着提出接着提出了一个建了一个建议。They, in their turn, put forward a proposal.(2) 教育体系教育体系应该尽快尽快改革改革。Educational system should be reformed as
31、 soon as possible.(用同位用同位语从句从句)合并：合并： They, in their turn, put forward a proposal that educational system should be reformed as soon as possible.写作句型运用写作句型运用1. It is obvious (to sb. /from.) that. (在某人看来在某人看来/从从看来看来)显然显然同义同义 obviously，/apparently，/ It is clear that. 运用运用 根据汉语意思完成英语句子。根据汉语意思完成英语句子。(1)
32、在我看来，显然政府在采取措施阻止这在我看来，显然政府在采取措施阻止这种疾病蔓延。种疾病蔓延。It is obvious to me that the government are taking measures to prevent the disease from spreading.(2)从他所说的话来看，显然，法律几千年从他所说的话来看，显然，法律几千年前就存在了。前就存在了。It is obvious from what he said that laws have existed for thousands of years.(3)很明显你的学生昨天没有说实话。很明显你的学生昨天没有
33、说实话。_ yesterday.Obviously，/It was obvious that your student didnt tell you the truth 很明显你的学生昨天没有说实话。很明显你的学生昨天没有说实话。_ _yesterday.It was obvious that your student didnt tell you the truth2. make it + adj. + for sb. to do使某人使某人做某事做某事说明说明 it是形式宾语，后面的是形式宾语，后面的to do才是真正才是真正的宾语。的宾语。运用运用 根据汉语意思根据汉语意思, 完成英文句
34、子。完成英文句子。因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间获知世界上发生的所有的事。获知世界上发生的所有的事。The Internet has _ _ what happens around the world in much less time. made it possiblefor us to get to know 这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。The dictionary _ _ English.这座桥使我们很方便过河。这座桥使我们很方便过河。The bridge _ _ the river.makes it mucheasier f
35、or me to learnmade it quite convenientfor us to cross运用运用 根据汉语意思根据汉语意思, 完成英文句子完成英文句子。这棵树没有我爷爷这棵树没有我爷爷50年前种的那棵树高年前种的那棵树高。This tree is _ _ not as tall as the onethat my grandfather planted 50years ago.3. be not as.as. 不如不如/不像不像这本书没有你写的那本难这本书没有你写的那本难。This book _ .根据调查根据调查, 大部分女生不像男生一样对大部分女生不像男生一样对篮球感兴趣
36、篮球感兴趣。According to the survey, most girls_ _ is not as difficult as the one that you wrotenot as interested in basketball as boys are.are运用运用 根据汉语意思根据汉语意思, 完成英文句子。完成英文句子。 我们下周是否进行考试取决于我们是否我们下周是否进行考试取决于我们是否按时完成了任务。按时完成了任务。_depends on whether we will finish the task on time.Whether we will have an exa
37、mination 4. whether . depend on whether . 某事是某事是否发生取决于是否否发生取决于是否 我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。_ depends on whether he loves me.地球变暖是否加剧取决于我们的活动是地球变暖是否加剧取决于我们的活动是否产生更多的二氧化碳。否产生更多的二氧化碳。Whether the global warming will become more serious _ _Whether I will marry himdepends on whether ouractivities will produce more carbon dioxide.
