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1、一、句子成分1概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。2主语主语（subject）: 句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首The sun rises in the east. （名词）（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）（动名词） 3To see is to believe. （不定式）（不定式）
2、 What he needs is a book. （主语从句）（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语 It=that the elephant is round and tall like a tree4在个别句型中，为了避免头重脚轻避免头重脚轻，这时前面用it 作形式主语形式主语。如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegame.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.51.Doe
3、xerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！6找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测主语小测7谓语谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。担任，放在主语的后面。
4、Iloveyou!Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.8Theplanetookoffat10oclock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidntyoucomebacklastnight?注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语注意：一个简单句中只有一个谓语,可以有各种时态和语态。（可以有各种时态和语态。（p13）9Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.情态动词情态动词助动词助动词+ v10Open the door, please!Go and get some water for me.
5、Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句：祈使句： 1.省略主语省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形11谓语动词有两种： 实义动词：meet move see finish pick . 系动词：be (am is are .) 12其其 它它系动词系动词感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep 13谓语总结谓语总结：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词
6、充当动词充当 (实义动词和系动词）实义动词和系动词）14表语表语（predicative）：说明主语是什说明主语是什么或怎么样，位于系动词后面么或怎么样，位于系动词后面。My favorite subject is English.Thousands of people became homeless.The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.My happiness is to serve people heart and soul.My hobby is collecting stamps.My belief is that our co
7、untry will become stronger and stronger.15 宾语宾语（object）：动宾表示行为的对：动宾表示行为的对 象，象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。放在及物动词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?16介介词后面的后面的宾语：介介宾注意：人称代注意：人称代词要用要用宾格格Idecidedtogowith_.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she
8、17Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间接接宾语(sb)+直接直接宾语(sth)：双双宾18双宾语可以进行下面的改写:(p10) Mr Wang teaches us English.- Mr Wang teaches English to us. Mum bought me a gift. - Mum bought a gift for me.19划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtote
9、achushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?20IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语21宾语的补足语宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。语才能表达完整的意思。（补充说明宾语的（补充说明宾语的状态、身份、特征）状态、身份、特征）22Ifyoule
10、tmego,Illmakeyouking.Dontmakeyourhandsdirty.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.23ShecameShelikesEnglish.SheishappyShegaveJohnabookSheboughtabookforme.ShemakeshermotherangryTh
11、eteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.24定语定语: 用来修饰名词或代词。用来修饰名词或代词。Theblackbikeismine. Whatsyourname? TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.25状语状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。表示动作的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度、条件表示动作的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度、条件Hediditcarefully.They
12、missedmeverymuch.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.26He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语when he was leaving for Paris.宾语从句宾语从句27the peoplesurprised That What he saidwhat he did主语主语in the room.定语定语who
13、were sitting in the room.whose sons were at war.主语主语从句从句定语定语从句从句28Thatis the fact.表表 语语what he needs.why he was late.because he was ill.表表 语语从句从句29He worked in that factory three years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhen he lived there地点状语地点状语从句从句时间状语时间状语从句从句30指出下列各从句的类型指出
14、下列各从句的类型vIbelievethat everything is going on well.vShewasreadinganovelwhen I came in.vSheisthegirlwho sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句31二、句子类型321 主语主语谓语谓语 Shecame.2 2 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语 ShelikesEnglish.3 3 主语系动词表主语系动词表语语Sheishappy.4 4 主语主语谓语谓语+ +间宾间宾+ +直宾直宾Shegavemeabook 5 5 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语补语宾
15、语宾语补语 Shemakeshermotherangry. 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型33并并列列句句常用并列连词常用并列连词平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and, bothand, not onlybut also, but, however, for, soor, either.or, neither. nor34用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句He was tired, so he went to bed.1. Hewastired.Hewentt
16、obed.2. Mr Wang is a boss. He hires two secretaries.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. Mr Wang is a boss, and he hires two secretaries.35动词的时态和语态36谓语谓语I. 时态时态 现在现在1) He doesnt work in this factory.2) Is Tom watching TV in the sitting-room now?3) They have
17、 learned three English songs already.4) We have been learning English for almost two years since Mr. Brown taught us.37过去过去1) I didnt go there for some food yesterday.2) They were doing their homework when I entered their classroom.3) Before he arrived at the cinema, the film had been on for four mi
18、nutes.4) He said he would come here to help us.38 将来将来 1) Will they visit the museum next Sunday?2) I will be waiting for you at the school gate at 5 oclock tomorrow evening.3) She will have finished the report by the end of next month.39II. 语态语态基本结构 be + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词现在1) Our bedroom is often kept
19、 clean every day.2) Is our car being repaired in the garage now?3) The building over there has been built. 40过去过去1) Was this dictionary bought last Tuesday?2) The performance was being given in the street when I was passing by.3) The operation had been carried out on Tom before his parents got to th
20、e hospital.4) The manager said that the goods would be sent to the chain-shops as soon as possible.将来将来1) A new chemical factory will be built among the hills far away from our town.41被动语态42高考题点击：高考题点击：1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.(94N)A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscomplet
21、ed2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.(98N)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay说明说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在before从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。DC433.Booksofthiskind_well.(99上海)A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold4.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.(01北京春)A.loseB.willbelost C.arelostD.wi
22、lllose说明说明：sell既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash,translate,write等。说明说明：losejob为“失业”，job只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。AB445.Anewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.(2001北京春季)A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt6.Thenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.(2001上海)A.hasbe
23、endesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned说明说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。说明说明：bytheendof短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。DB457.ThisisTedsphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_ whenhetriedtosaveachildintheearthquake.(2002北京春季)A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilled D.waskilling8.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthesp
24、oiledchild.(2002上海)A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame说明说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明说明：betoblame是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。CA469.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(2002上海春季)A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut说明说明：该句的意思为“雨
25、林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警告。C47(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydiffi
26、cult.48(二).选出句中谓语的中心词Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporri
27、dgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfastTomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomeworkWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.isWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctorHeisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.musicWhomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.bo
28、ok49三)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.ABCDPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCDHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCDSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCDTheoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCDTheymadehimmonitorofthe
29、class.ABCDGoacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCDYouwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCDTheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.ABCD50(四)挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCDWhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCDTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCDSoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCDS
30、hewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD51(五)挑出下列句中的定语TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCDWhatisyourgivenname?ABCDOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCDIamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCDIamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD52(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildren
31、toreadnewspapersandbooks.ABCHeaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCDShefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCDTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCDIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCDDidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplayground?ABC53(七)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABCDEverynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCDHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCDThemanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.ABCDWiththemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.ABCDShelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.ABCDIamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ABCDThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.ABCD54
