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1、SectionAGrammarFocusTranslatethephrases.spreadtoothercountriesbyaccidentItissaidoveranopenfirefallintothewatertakeplacewithoutdoubt流传到其它国家流传到其它国家偶然；意外地偶然；意外地据说据说在户外的火上在户外的火上掉入水中；落入水中掉入水中；落入水中发生；出现发生；出现毫无疑问；的确毫无疑问；的确被动语态被动语态(PassiveVoice)结构结构:be+V-p.p.am/are/is+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词was/were+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般
2、现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态:一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态主动语态)EnglishisspokenbymanypeopleThenaughtyboybrokethewindowyesterday.(主动语态主动语态)Thewindowwasbroken(bythenaughtyboy)yesterday.Weboughtsomebooks. 主动句与被动句之间的转换主动句与被动句之间的转换Somebookswerebought(byus)主语主语谓语动词主动语态的过去式谓语动词主动语态的过去式宾语宾语主语主语谓语动词
3、被动语态的过去分词谓语动词被动语态的过去分词介词介词+宾语宾语主动句变为被动句所遵循的主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：个步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2.把动词变为被动形式即把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。其它的成
4、分（定语、状语）不变。被动语态的几种句型被动语态的几种句型肯定句肯定句主语主语+be+过去分词过去分词+(by)Asweetsongwassungbyheronthestage.2否定句否定句主语主语+be+not+过去分词过去分词+(by)3一般疑问句一般疑问句Be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?Asweetsongwasntsungbyheronthestage.Wasasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?4特殊疑问句特殊疑问句疑问词疑问词+be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+(by)?Wherewasasweetsongsungbyher?被动语态的运用被动语
5、态的运用:（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.这座房子太旧了，它是这座房子太旧了，它是1950年建的。年建的。Whenwilltheroadbeopenedtotraffic?这条路什么时候通车这条路什么时候通车?（2）需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。Calculatorcantbeusedinthemathexam.计算器不能用于数学考试。计算器不能用于数学考试。Hewasawardedfirstprizeintha
6、tcontest.他在比赛中获得了第一。他在比赛中获得了第一。有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者,这时也常用被动语态。这时也常用被动语态。Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance.请你给我们表演一个节目。请你给我们表演一个节目。（3）Whenwasthecarinvented?Itwasinventedin1885.Whoweretheyinventedby?
7、TheywereinventedbyJulieThompson.Whataretheyusedfor?Theyareusedforseeinginthedark.Readthesentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.一般讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。一般讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：态举例如下：1、一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词
8、动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina. 2、一般过去式的被动语态、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928.Howdeliciousthesoupis!Whocookedit?ItwascookedbyMom.Whatabeautifulcarditis!Whomadeit?ItwasmadebyHowcleantheclothesare!Whowashedthem?Theywerewashe
9、dby2.Somebodystolemycamerafrommyhotelroom.Mycamerawasstolenfrommyhotelroom(bysomebody).3.Wheredidyoutakethesephotos?Wherewerethesephotostaken?4aRewritethesentencesusingthepassivevoice.4.Ourparentsadvisedusnottogooutalone.5.Differentwriterstranslatedthebookintodifferentlanguages.Wewereadvisedbyourpar
10、entsnottogooutalone.Thebookwastranslatedintodifferentlanguagesbydifferentwriters.1.Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.2.Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyismadebythepeople.把下列的主动句变为被动句。把下列的主动句变为被动句。Exercise.单项选择单项选择1.-TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.-It_inmanyschoolsaroundt
11、heworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaughtD2.We_toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.A.tellB.toldC.aretoldD.weretold3.-DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?-Yes.Infact,it_.Thatsallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround.A.pollutedB.waspollutedC.haspollutedD.willpolluteDB.将下列句子变为被动语态将下列句子
12、变为被动语态1.Myparentsboughtmeacomputerlastweek.2.Weoftenhearthegirlsinghappilyinherroom.Thegirlisoftenheardtosinghappily(byus)inherroom.Acomputerwasboughtformebymyparentslastweek.用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Thepizzawas_(make)byme.Wouldyouliketohavesome?2.TheGreatWallis_(know)allovertheworld.3.Thisstoryw
13、as_(tell)bymygrandmotherlastnight.4.Wasanewsciencemuseum_(build)inyourhometownlastyear?5.Nostudentis_(see)intheplayground.madeknowntoldbuiltseen6.Historyis_bythepeople.(make)7.Heisoften_todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)8.Thebook_byhimlastyear.(write)9.Theradio_lastweek.(repair)madeaskedwaswrittenwasrepa
14、ired4b Completethesentenceswithcorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.The keyswereinvitedwerebroughtwaslockedrangweretoldbrokewereeatenliked4c Writethecorrectformsintheblanks.The keyswasinventedwasbornworkedlearnedwasinventedwassaidisused将下列各句改为被动语态将下列各句改为被动语态1.Hesavedalotofmoneythissummer.2.Wespendlargesum
15、sofmoneyeachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges.Alotofmoneywassavedthissummer.Largesumsofmoneyisspenteachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges.【2011安徽芜湖安徽芜湖】42.Thesedaysstudentsinsomeschools_nottousemobilephones.A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked答案：答案：C【解析解析】被动语态。主语被动语态。主语students是动作的承是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；根
16、据受者，所以用被动语态；根据thesedays可知可知用一般现在时。用一般现在时。【2011雅安雅安】20.Alotoftrees_onthehillyesterday.A.areplantedB.willbeplantedC.havebeenplantedD.wereplanted答案：答案：D【解析解析】考查被动语态。由时间状语考查被动语态。由时间状语yesterday可知，用一般过去时，由可知，用一般过去时，由trees和和plant构成被构成被动关系，用一般过时的被动语态。动关系，用一般过时的被动语态。（2011江苏宿迁）江苏宿迁）We_(ask)tohelpourparentsdos
17、omehouseworkeveryday.(2013山东威海山东威海)你能告诉我电话是什么时候发明的吗？你能告诉我电话是什么时候发明的吗？_.are/wereaskedCould/Canyoutellmewhenthetelephonewasinvented?【2012江苏南京江苏南京】Yaxi,aquietvillageinGanchun,_Chinasfirst“SlowCity”inNovember2011.A.namesB.namedC.isnamedD.wasnamed【2012湖北黄石湖北黄石】Youhavetostaybehindifyourhomework_beforefive
18、oclock.A.isntdoneB.wontbedoneC.doesntdoD.wasntdoneDA【2013陕西陕西】Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeopleslifealotsinceit_.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented【2013广西南宁广西南宁】HanHansbooksarepopular.They_bymanyteenagers.A.isreadB.wasreadC.arereadD.werereadDC【2014河南河南】WhenTim_whyhewaslateforschool,hejustk
19、eptsilent.A.wasaskedB.askedC.wasaskingD.isasking【2014陕西陕西】Everyday,toomuchwater_inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswastedB.wastesC.waswastedD.wastedAA【2014杭州杭州】Tomygreatsurprise,thefamousathletesstory_differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.reportedC.wasreportingD.reports【2014嘉兴嘉兴】Tellmeonethingyoureproudofinyourjuniorhighschool,Tony.I_ascaptainoftheschoolfootballteam.A.chooseB.choseC.amchosenD.waschosenAD
