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1、 Rat DissectionlThefollowingslidesareintendedtohelpyouwithdissectionoftheratandthentoreviewforthelabpracticalthatwillfollow.RATS Rat DissectionlScientificName:Rattus norvegicuslCommonName:RatlKingdom-AnimalialPhylum-ChordatalSubphylum-VertebratalClass-MammalialOrder-RodentiaRATSRat DissectionlThefol
2、lowingwebsiteswereusedtoobtainvariousdissectionpictures.(1) 15/biolab15_1.html(2) (3) (4) http:/(5) (6) (7) This has an excellent self quiz!Urogenital Tutorial- SOURCESRat DissectionREMOVING SKINSource #4Rat DissectionREMOVING SKINSource #7Rat DissectionREMOVING SKINSource #4Rat DissectionMUSCLESSou
3、rce #5Branchial:鳃的Externaauditorymeatus：外耳道Temporalis：颞肌Orbicularisoculi：眼轮匝肌parotidduct：腮腺导管Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #1侧面皮大肌背阔肌嚼肌颈外静脉二头肌肋间肌Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #5脊三角肌肱三头肌外侧头肱三头肌长头肘肩三角肌棒状三角肌肱肌肱二头肌短头腕近端头部尾部远端Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #5肩峰斜方肌锁三角肌脊三角肌肩三角肌肘前臂腕背侧头部尾部腹侧Rat DissectionMUSCLESSou
4、rce #5Wrist:腕关节Longheadofbicepsbrachi:肱二头肌长头Medialheadoftriceps:肱三头肌内侧头Coracobrachialis:喙头肌Elbow：肘部Tensorfasciaeantebrachi:Longheadoftriceps:肱三头肌长头Axillaregion:腋部Shortheadofbicepsbrachi:肱二头肌短头Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Distal:远心端Proximal:近心端Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #1Externaljugularvein:颈外静脉Pectoralismus
5、cles:胸肌Triceps:肱三头肌Biceps:二头肌Masseter:咬肌Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #1Cutaneousmaximus:Externaljugularvein:颈外静脉Lineaalba:腹白线Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #5Transversusabdominis:腹横肌Epigastricvein:腹壁下静脉Rectusabdominis:腹直肌Internaloblique:腹内斜肌Externaloblique:腹外斜肌Rostral:头侧Caudal:尾侧Lateral:外侧Medial:内侧Rat D
6、issectionMUSCLESSource #5Thigh:大腿Hip:臀部Gluteusmaximus:臀大肌Caputvertebralis:Caputpelvis:Bicepsfemoris:股二头肌Semitendinosus:半腱肌Vastuslateralis:股外侧肌Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #5Vastuslateralis:股外侧肌Adductormagnus:大收肌Bicepsfemoris:股二头肌Semimembranosus:半膜肌Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Dorsal:背侧Ventral:腹侧Rat DissectionM
7、USCLESSource #5Iliacus:髂肌Pectineus:耻骨肌Adductorlongus:长收肌Gluteusmedius:臀中肌Vastuslateralis:股外侧肌Rectusfemoris:股直肌Vastusmedialis:股内侧肌Adductormagnus:大收肌Gracilis:股薄肌Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #5Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Tibialiasanterior:胫骨前肌Flexordigitorumpr
8、ofundis:指(趾）深屈肌Fibularislongus:Soleus:比目鱼肌Lateralheadofgastrocnemius:腓肠肌外侧头Plantaris:跖肌medialheadofgastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcanealtendon:跟腱Heeloffoot:足跟Rat DissectionMUSCLESSource #5Plantaris:跖肌Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Soleus:比目鱼肌medialheadofgastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcanealtendon:跟腱Heeloffoot:
9、足跟Rat DissectionORAL CAVITYSource #6Oralcavity:口腔Hardpalate:硬腭Softpalate:软腭Rat DissectionORAL CAVITYSource #6Saluvarygland:唾液腺Rat DissectionABDOMINAL CAVITYSource #4Rat DissectionABDOMINAL CAVITYSource #4Rat DissectionSource #7ABDOMINAL CAVITYRat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANSSource #1Digestiveorgans:消化
10、器官Mesentery:肠系膜Omentum:网膜Rat DissectionSource #6DIGESTIVE ORGANSLiver：肝脏Caecum:盲肠Smallintestine:小肠Rat DissectionSource #6DIGESTIVE ORGANSDuodenum:十二指肠Stomach:胃Spleen:脾脏Largeintestine:大肠Rat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANSSource #1diaphragm:膈Liver：肝脏Smallintestine:小肠Spleen：脾脏Caecum:盲肠Rat DissectionDIGESTIV
11、E ORGANSSource #5Caudalsideofdiaphragm:膈肌尾侧面Medianlobeofliver:肝脏中叶Ligamentumtereshepatis:肝静脉索Leftlobeofliver:肝脏左叶Stomach:胃Greateromentum:大网膜Smallintestines:小肠Rat DissectionDIGESTIVE ORGANSSource #1Duodenum:十二指肠Pancreas:胰腺Jejunum:空肠Ileum:回肠Colon:结肠Caecum:盲肠Rat DissectionSource #6DIGESTIVE ORGANSRat D
12、issectionDIGESTIVE ORGANSSource #1Transverselimb:横结肠Ascendinglimb:升结肠Descendinglimb:降结肠Rat DissectionSource #1THORACIC CAVITY Externaljugular:颈外静脉Leftcommoncarotid:左颈总动脉Leftsubclavian：左锁骨下动脉Aorticarch:主动脉弓Leftpostcava:下腔静脉Lung:肺脏Kidney:肾脏Leftatrium:左心房Leftventricle:左心室Rightprecava:上腔静脉Innominate:Tra
13、chea:气管Rat DissectionHEART + LUNGSSource #5Rightauricle:右心耳Thymus:胸腺Leftphrenicnerve:膈神经Diaphragm:膈Rat DissectionRESPIRATORY ORGANSSource #1Rat DissectionCIRCULATORY ORGANSSource #1Circulatoryorgans:循环器官R.commoncarotidA.:右颈总动脉R.SubclavianA.右锁骨下动脉InnominateA.:R.Atrium:右心房R.Lung:右肺Esophagus：食管Aorta:主动
14、脉Diaphragm：膈R.:rightL.:leftA.:arterial动脉的Rat DissectionHEARTSource #5Rightauricle:右心耳Rightventricle:右心室Leftpulmonaryartery:左肺动脉Leftauricle:左心耳Rat DissectionCIRCULATORY ORGANSSource #1Dorsal：背侧的superiormesentericA.:肠系膜上动脉CoeliacA.:腹主动脉R.RenalV.:右肾静脉Inferiorvenacava:下腔静脉Kidney:肾脏Ovary:卵巢Dorsalaorta:背主
15、动脉Uterus:子宫R.CommoniliacA.:右髂总动脉R.IliolumbarV.右髂腰静脉R.OvarianV.右卵巢静脉Rat DissectionUROGENITAL ORGANSSource #1Urogenitalsystem:泌尿生殖系统Kidney：肾脏Ovary:卵巢Cornuaofuterus:子宫角Rat DissectionSource #5EXCRETORY ORGANSPelvis:肾盂RenalV.:肾静脉Cortex:皮质Medulla:髓质Rat DissectionSource #5UROGENITAL ORGANSRightkidney:右肾Ute
16、rinehornwithfeluses:有胚胎的子宫角Rightureter:右输尿管Bladder:膀胱Leftadrenalgland:左肾上腺Rectum:直肠Rat Dissection1.Trachea：气管2.Heart：心脏3.Lung：肺脏4.Diaphragm：膈Source #2THORACIC CAVITYReviewandQuizYourselfRat Dissection1.RightAtrium：右心房2.RightVentricle：右心室3.LeftAtrium：左心房4.LeftVentricle：左心室Source #2HEARTReviewandQuizY
17、ourselfRat Dissection1.JugularVein：颈静脉2.CarotidArtery：颈动脉3.SuperiorVenaCava：上腔静脉4.AscendingAorta：升主动脉5.Atrium(right)：心房（右）6.Ventricles：心室THORACIC CIRCULATIONSource #2ReviewandQuizYourselfRat Dissection You should be familiar with the order of the parts of the alimentary canal. Following the path tha
18、t food would take, we would pass through:熟悉消化道膈部分的顺序和名称。下图标明食物通过消化道的顺序：Oral Cavity口腔Pharynx咽Esophagus食管Stomach胃Pyloric Sphincter幽门括约肌Small Intestine小肠lDuodenum十二指肠lJejunum空肠lIleum回肠Large Intestine大肠lCecum盲肠lColon 结肠l-Ascending Limb升支l- Transverse Limb 横支l- Descending Limb降支lRectum直肠Anus肛门Source #1AB
19、DOMINAL CAVITY腹腔Rat Dissection1.Liver肝2.Stomach胃3.Pancreas胰脏4.Duodenum十二指肠5.SmallIntestines小肠6.Cecum盲肠7.UrinaryBladder膀胱Source #2ABDOMINAL CAVITY腹腔ReviewandQuizYourselfRat Dissection1.AbdominalAorta腹主动脉2.RenalArtery(left)肾动脉（左）3.RenalVein(left)肾静脉（左）4.InferiorVenaCava下腔静脉5.HepaticPortalVein肝门静脉ABDOM
20、INAL CIRCULATION腹部血液循环Source #2ReviewandQuizYourselfRat Dissection1.CoagulatingGland凝固腺2.UrinaryBladder膀胱3.VasDeferens输精管4.Epididymis附睾5.SmallIntestines小肠6.SeminalVesicle精囊腺7.ProstateGland前列腺8.Penis阴茎9.Testis睾丸10.Scrotum阴囊MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雄性生殖器官雄性生殖器官Source #2ReviewandQuizYourselfRat Dissecti
21、on1.Stomach胃2.Kidney肾3.Ovary卵巢4.Oviduct输卵管5.UterineHorn6.子宫角7.LargeIntestine大肠8.UrinaryBladder膀胱FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS雌性生殖器官雌性生殖器官Source #2ReviewandQuizYourselfRat Dissection10.13.15.TAGGED ORGANSSource #7ReviewandQuizYourselfBicepsBrachii肱二头肌Masseter嚼肌13RibCage胸廓Rat Dissection5.9.22.27.TAGGED O
22、RGANSSource #7ReviewandQuizYourselfHeart心脏Trachea气管Lung肺Esophagus食管3.7.8.11.17.18.Rat DissectionTAGGED ORGANSSource #7ReviewandQuizYourselfCecum盲肠SmallIntestine小肠Ovary卵巢Diaphragm膈Liver肝Spleen脾Rat Dissection24.26.TAGGED ORGANSSource #7ReviewandQuizYourselfUterineHorn子宫角UrinaryBladder膀胱Rat Dissection1
23、.6.20.23.25.TAGGED ORGANSSource #7ReviewandQuizYourselfUreter输尿管Kidney肾2025Rectum直肠Stomach胃AdrenalGland肾上腺Rat Dissection1.Towardthemidline朝中线方向2.Towardtheback(uppersurfaceofbody)朝向背部（动物身体的上表面）3.Towardthetail朝向尾部4.Towardtheside朝向两边5.Farthestfromthepointofattachment附着点的最远端6.Towardthebelly(undersideofb
24、ody)朝向腹部（动物身体的下表面）7.Closesttothepointofattachment附着点附近8.Towardthehead朝向头部ReviewandQuizYourselfNAME THAT FUNCTION:Caudal尾侧尾侧Lateral外侧外侧Cranial颅侧Proximal近端Ventral腹侧Distal远端远端Dorsal背侧背侧Medial内侧Heres a word Heres a word bank to help you bank to help you out:out:CaudalCaudalCranialCranialDistalDistalDors
25、alDorsalLateralLateralMedialMedialProximalProximalVentralVentralANATOMICAL TERMS解剖术语解剖术语Rat Dissection1.Thetermreferringtobendingofajoint关节弯曲的术语2.Thetermreferringtomovementofanappendagetowardthelongaxisofthebody四肢向身体长轴方向移动的术语3.Thetermreferringtostraighteningofajoint关节处伸直的术语4.Thetermreferringtomoveme
26、ntofanappendageawayfromthelongaxisofthebody四肢向身体长轴反方向移动的术语ANATOMICAL TERMS解剖术语解剖术语ReviewandQuizYourselfNAME THAT FUNCTION:Adduction内收Flexion俯屈Abduction外展Extension伸展Rat Dissection1.Thewhiskers,whichhaveasensoryfunction有感知功能的胡须2.Theflap-likeexternalearthatdirectssoundwavesintotheearopening收集声波片状的外耳3.P
27、airedopeningsleadingintothenose鼻子的一对导气孔4.Organsofthethoracicandabdominalcavities胸腔腹腔里的组织5.Apartitionorwallseparating2cavities分割两腔的隔膜6.Amembranewhichsuspendstheorgans支持器官的膜7.Shinymembranethatlinestheabdominalcavity腹腔光滑的膜ReviewandQuizYourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Vibrissae触须Pinna耳郭耳郭Nares鼻孔Mesentery肠系膜Septu
28、m隔膜Viscera内脏Peritoneum腹膜Heres a Heres a word bank word bank to help you to help you out:out:MesenteryMesenteryNaresNaresPeritoneumPeritoneumPinnaPinnaSeptumSeptumVibrissaeVibrissaeVisceraVisceraORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat Dissection1.Abductsthethigh大腿向外侧运动2.Extendstheforelimb前肢伸直3.Constrictstheabdomen
29、腹部收缩4.Closesthejaw关闭下颚5.Adductsthethigh大腿内侧运动6.Flexestheforelimb前肢弯曲7.Drawstheforelimbtowardthechest前肢向胸侧运动8.Extendsthefoot伸脚9.Movestheforelimbdorsally+caudally前肢向背部和尾部运动ReviewandQuizYourselfNAME THAT MUSCLE:Biceps Femoris股股二头肌二头肌 Triceps Brachii肱三头肌External Obliques腹外斜肌Biceps Brachii肱二头肌Gracilis股薄肌
30、Masseter咬肌Pectoralis Major胸大肌胸大肌Heres a word Heres a word bank to help you bank to help you out:out:Biceps BrachiiBiceps BrachiiBiceps FemorisBiceps FemorisExternal ObliquesExternal ObliquesGastrocnemiusGastrocnemiusGluteus MaximusGluteus MaximusGracilisGracilisLatissimus DorsiLatissimus DorsiMasset
31、erMasseterPectoralis MajorPectoralis MajorTriceps BrachiTriceps BrachiorGluteus Maximums臀大肌臀大肌Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Latissimus Dorsi背阔肌ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat Dissection1.ProducesWBCs(Whitebloodcells)产白细胞2.Movesfoodinmouthandtastes将食物移入嘴里，品尝3.Organsforgasexchange换气的器官4.Windpipeleadingfrompharynxtolungs由
32、咽到肺的管道5.Bonyanteriorroofofmouth口腔前骨顶6.Muscularsheetthatseparatesthethoracicandabdominalcavities分开胸腔与腹腔的肌肉层7.Incisors(biting)andmolars(grinding)剪切和磨食物8.Muscularposteriorroofofmouth口腔顶尾部肌肉9.Affectsmetabolicrateandbodygrowth影响新陈代谢率和身体成长ReviewandQuizYourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Tongue舌头舌头Lungs肺肺Diaphragm横膈膜横
33、膈膜Hard Palate硬腭硬腭Trachea气管气管Teeth牙齿牙齿Heres a word Heres a word bank to help you bank to help you out:out:DiaphragmDiaphragmHard PalateHard PalateLungsLungsSoft PalateSoft PalateTeethTeethThymus GlandThymus GlandThyroid GlandThyroid GlandTongueTongueTracheaTracheaThymus Gland胸腺胸腺Soft Palate软腭软腭Thyroi
34、d Gland甲状腺甲状腺ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat Dissection1.Producesinsulinforglucosemetabolism产生胰岛素的地方2.Aidsindigestionofproteins帮助蛋白质消化的地方3.Foodtubefrompharynxtostomach将食物由咽部运送至胃的导管4.Digestsandabsorbsnutrients营养物质的消化吸收的地方5.Foldsinstomachthathelpmixfood胃里帮助碾碎食物的摺6.Secretesbile,cleansblood,storesglycogen分泌胆汁
35、，净化血液，储存糖原7.Cleansblood,removesoldRBCs净化血液，清除年老的红细胞8.Reabsorptionofwater水重吸收9.Blindpouchwhereileumjoinscolon回肠与结肠连接处的盲段10.Endofintestines,compactionoffeces消化道尾端，压缩排泄物ReviewandQuizYourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Stomach胃胃Esophagus食道食道Liver肝肝Rugae胃皱褶胃皱褶Small Intestines小肠小肠Spleen脾脾Heres a word Heres a word ban
36、k to help bank to help you out:you out:CecumCecumEsophagusEsophagusLarge IntestineLarge IntestineLiverLiverPancreasPancreasSmall IntestineSmall IntestineSpleenSpleenStomachStomachRectumRectumRugaeRugaePancreas胰腺胰腺Large Intestine大肠大肠Cecum盲肠盲肠Rectum直肠直肠ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat Dissection1.Removeswast
37、es+excessH20fromblood将血液中的废物和多余的水除去的地方2.Housesdevelopingfetuses胎儿生长的地方3.Producesandstoressperm储存精子的地方4.Storesurinebeforeexcretion尿排出前储存的地方5.Secretesafluidthataidsspermsurvivalandmotility分泌支持精子存活或运动的液体的地方6.Produceseggs卵细胞产生的地方7.Carryurinefromkidneytobladder将尿由肾运输至膀胱的东东8.Secretesafluidthatnourishesspe
38、rm分泌滋养精子的液体的地方9.Sacthatholdsthetestes睾丸外的囊ReviewandQuizYourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Uterine Horn子宫角子宫角Testes睾丸睾丸Ovary卵巢卵巢Prostate前列腺前列腺Bladder膀胱膀胱Ureter输尿管输尿管Heres a word Heres a word bank to help bank to help you out:you out:BladderBladderKidneyKidneyOvaryOvaryProstateProstateScrotumScrotumSeminal Vesic
39、leSeminal VesicleTestesTestesUreterUreterUterine HornUterine HornKidney肾肾Seminal Vesicle精囊腺精囊腺Scrotum阴囊阴囊ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能Rat Dissection1.Takesbloodfromhearttolungs将血液由心脏转运至肺的血管2.Largeveinstakebloodtorightatrium将血液转运入右心房的大静脉3.Topchambers,receiveblood心脏接收血液地方4.Membranearoundheart心脏外膜5.Arterytaki
40、ngbloodtohead将血液运输至头部的动脉6.Bottomchambersthatpumpbloodout心将血液运出的地方7.Largestarterytakingbloodfromleftventricle将血液从左心室运出的大动脉8.Lowerdescendingaortatakesbloodtolowertrunkandlegs将血液运送至下躯和腿的降主动脉9.Takesbloodtokidneys将血液运送至肾的血管ORGAN FUNCTION器官功能器官功能ReviewandQuizYourselfNAME THAT ORGAN:Vena Cava腔静脉腔静脉Atria心房心
41、房Ventricles心室心室Common Carotid颈总动脉颈总动脉Pericardial Sac心包囊心包囊Aorta大动脉（主动脉）大动脉（主动脉）Heres a word Heres a word bank to help you bank to help you out:out:Abdominal AortaAbdominal AortaAortaAortaAtriaAtriaCommon CarotidCommon CarotidPericardial SacPericardial SacPulmonary ArteryPulmonary ArteryRenal ArteryRenal ArteryVena CavaVena CavaVentriclesVentriclesPulmonary Artery肺动脉肺动脉Abdominal Aorta腹主动脉腹主动脉Renal Artery肾动脉肾动脉
