名词性从句复习

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1、名词性从句1. 名词性从句考点名词性从句考点 1、引导词、引导词 that 与与 what；that 与与 whether； if 与与 whether；what 与与 how等的区别；等的区别；2、名词性从句的时态和语序问题；、名词性从句的时态和语序问题；3、名词性从句的语气问题；、名词性从句的语气问题；4、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。1、名词性从句的引导词问题、名词性从句的引导词问题问题问题1：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_itwas20yearsago,_itwassopoor

2、lyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;thatA A前句考查的是that与what的区别。that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，而what 可充当名词性的成分。前句的表语从句中还缺少表语，故只能用what。后句是定语从句，修饰20yearsago，所以须用when。问题问题2：1)Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD.why2)Elephantshavetheirownwayt

3、otelltheshapeofanobject_itisroughorsmooth.A.不填B.whetherC.howD.whatC CB B在名词性从句中表示“是否”这一概念时，连词if一般只能引导宾语从句，而题1是表语从句，故不能选B；注意doubt的用法，如果是肯定句，用whether，如果是否定句，用that。宾语从句中，以下情况只用whether不用if：与or连用时；后接不定式短语时；在decide;besure等动词后。问题问题3：_leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.wh

4、oC Cwhoever引导名词性从句时表示“无论哪一个”，相当于anyonewho；who引导名词性从句时表示带有疑问的“谁”。根据该题的意思不难作出选择。选项A,B后都缺少了who，而引导定语从句的who是不能省略的。同时还需要注意whoever 与no matter who;whatever 与no matter what等的区别。wh-ever既可引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而no matter wh-只能引导状语从句。问题问题4：1)Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize_sillymistakesIhadmade.A.whatB.

5、thatC.howD.which2)Parentsaretaughttounderstand_importanteducationistotheirchildrensfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.soA AB Bwhat与how引导感叹句时，what 后加名词，how后加形容词和副词。其结构为：What + (a) + (adj.) + n.但要注意在what 后不能加表示数量的many;much;few;little等词。How + adj. + (a )+ (n.)，要注意的是 how 后的名词只能为单数名词。题1中是复数名词，只能用what；题2中的正常语序是edu

6、cationisimportanttotheir，所以选B。2、名词性从句中的时态问题、名词性从句中的时态问题问题问题1：1、Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents_alwayswherethey_today.A.arent;areB.arent;wereC.werent;areD.werent;were2、Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgoneC CD D3、名词性从句中的语序问题、名词性从

7、句中的语序问题问题问题1：1、Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis 2、Thephotographswillshowyou_A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeD DB B名词性从句中都用陈述语序，不用倒装语序。题名词性从句中都用陈述语序，不用倒装语序。题1中的干扰项是中的干扰项是B，对想要知道的人提问或应答都用，

8、对想要知道的人提问或应答都用 it 而不用人称代词而不用人称代词 he, I , you 等。题等。题2只要注意是介只要注意是介词宾语就行了。词宾语就行了。4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.-Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmothersillness?-Hesuggestedthatshe_anoperationatonce

9、.A.musthave B.hadC.haveD.hadhadB BC CB、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：基本句型：a.Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)dob.Itisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,c.Itisapity,ashame,nowonder1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.takes B.hastotakeC.mu

10、sttake D.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldD DB BC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameeti

11、ngnextweek.考题点击：考题点击：1.Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantryA A5、 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的问题作形式主语或形式宾语的问题问题问题1：1、_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2、Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.（04全国I）AthisBtha

12、t CitDone3、Thechairmanthought_necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.（05全国卷1）AthatBit CthisDhimD DC CB B主语、宾语从句常用先行词it代替，而将其置于句末。但由whatever,whoever引导的主语从句一般不用it代替。用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的that- 从句有从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important

13、 that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词分词+ that-从句从句It is believed that人们相信人们相信It is known to all that从所周知从所周知It has been decided that 已决定已决定 c. It + be +名词名词+ that-从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是d. It +不及物动词不及物动词+ t

14、hat-分句分句It appears that似乎似乎It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 6、其它需要注意的几个问题、其它需要注意的几个问题1)在think,believe,suppose,expect,guess等动词后的否定前移问题；2）在hope,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,think,expect,tell,say,fear以及beafraid等词语后，可用so代替一个宾语从句(指代上文涉及之事)。3）记住同位语从句的“先行词”，如：“advice,belief(信念),doubt(怀

15、疑),fact,fear,hope,idea,knowledge,news,order,problem,question,remark(意见),reply,report,suggestion,thought(想法),wish,”等。4）同位语从句与定语从句的区别一：定从与主从一：定从与主从,宾从和表从宾从和表从1.定从与主从定从与主从翻译翻译:不论谁在公共场所随意吐痰都该被罚不论谁在公共场所随意吐痰都该被罚 翻译翻译:无论他做什么都不会对我有什么影响无论他做什么都不会对我有什么影响. a.Whoever spits in public should be punished.b.Anyone w

16、ho spits in public should a.Whatever he does makes no difference to me.b.Anything that he does makes no 小结小结:whoever=anyone who; whatever=anything that判断正误判断正误:a.Who breaks the law will be punishedb.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.(c.Who robbed the bank is not clear. d.Whoever robbed the ban

17、k is not clear. 小结小结:时态与意义判断时态与意义判断.(误误)正正)(正正)(误误)翻翻译译（用定、主、表、（用定、主、表、宾宾四种从句）四种从句） 众所周知，众所周知，纸纸首先在中国制造。首先在中国制造。1）_ is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (定从定从)2) It is known to us all _ paper was first made in China.（主从）（主从）3) _ is known to us all is that paper was first made in China.

18、（表从）（表从）4) We all know _ paper was first made in China.（宾从）（宾从）小结小结:定语从句与主宾表从句在特定定语从句与主宾表从句在特定情况下可以表示相同的意思。情况下可以表示相同的意思。AsthatWhatthat填空：填空：1) He told us all _ had happened 10 years ago. A. that B. what C. which 2)He has told us all _ he experienced abroad. A. which B. what C. how D. when 小结小结 :what

19、 = something that all that = what 练习：练习：1)Our hometown is no longer _ it was 20 years ago. A/BBwhat 总结：1.用什么样的关系词或连接词，均要在从句中分析用什么样的关系词或连接词，均要在从句中分析查找。关系词和连接词存在某种转化关系：查找。关系词和连接词存在某种转化关系：2.What= all that / something that3.Whatever= anything that 4.Whoever = anyone who 5.2. 高考考查的趋势是多种复合句的融合，而非单高考考查的趋势是

20、多种复合句的融合，而非单一句法的考查。一句法的考查。二、定语从句与状语从句二、定语从句与状语从句1.Where 引导的定从与状从的区别引导的定从与状从的区别填空：填空：1)This is the place_we lived for ten years.2) Young people should go _ they are most needed. wherewhere3) You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them easily.4) I still remember the bus _ I met you f

21、or the first time.5)_there is a will, there is a way. 6) He left the key _ he had been an hour before. 7) He left the key at the place _ he had been an hour before.wherewhereWherewherewhere8) He left the place _ he lived for many years. A.when B. where C. there D. in which小结：小结：1）where 引导定从修饰先行词，在从句

22、中作引导定从修饰先行词，在从句中作地点状语；地点状语；where引导状从，修饰主句动词引导状从，修饰主句动词或整个句子，有时可以放句首。或整个句子，有时可以放句首。2）若）若where引导状从放于动词引导状从放于动词vi 后，则状从后，则状从可与定从转化。可与定从转化。B/D三:定语从句与强调句1.区别where2.1)Itisthehouse_Imettheyoungman.3.2)Itwasinthehouse_Imettheyoungman.4.3)IsitGuangmingTheatre_youaregoingtowatchthefamousplay?wherethatwhere2:

23、区别区别when1)It was five oclock _ the accident happened.2) It was at five oclock _the accident happened.3) Was it 12：00 pm. _ you arrived home last night?A. on which B. that C. when whenthatC小结：小结：区别区别when/where 引导的定语从句与强调句，引导的定语从句与强调句，要看在疑似强调句的被强调部分前是否有要看在疑似强调句的被强调部分前是否有介词。介词。 若有介词，则多为强调句；反之，若有介词，则多为强

24、调句；反之， 多为定语从句。但不是必然的。多为定语从句。但不是必然的。3. 定语从句与强调句的情景化区别定语从句与强调句的情景化区别1) - Where did you get to know her? - It was on the farm _we worked.A.That B. where C. which D. there 2)- Where did fire broke out? -It was in the hotel _ I lived last night.A. That B. where C. which D. thereBB3) - When did accident h

25、appen?- It was at 5:00 _ I got up.A. that B. when C. in which D. which4)-He was nearly drowned once. -When was _? -_was in 1988_he was in middle school.A. that,It ,when B. this, This, whenC. this, It, that D. that, It, thatBA4. 定从与强调句的结合定从与强调句的结合1)It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murder

26、er.A. that, who B. that, theyC. they, that D. they, which2) It is the ability to do the job _ matters not _you come from or _you are.A.one, where ,that B. that, where, what C. that, there, what D. which, which, whatCB5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.-He has done _ _ he can to help me.2.He has

27、done _he can to help me. all that3._ breaks the law is to be punished.4. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished.Anyone who5. They will do _ _he wants them to do.6.They will do _he wants them to do.anything thatwhateverwhatever Whoever6. 关于关于that: that 在名词从句和定语从句中各起什么作用？在名词从句和定语从句中各起什么作用？1. He pretende

28、d (that) he didnt see me.2.That she lost her necklace on the way home 3. made her so worried. 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4. Is this the house (that) you bought yesterday?(which)区别区别:Is this _ you bought yesterday?what四：定从与非谓语动词1.限制性定从与非谓语动词1)AstudentofEnglish_limitedexer

29、cisesfindsithardtogetagoodmarkinanexam.A.isusedtodealwithB.usedtodealwithC.isusedtodealingwithD.usedtodealingwithAstudentofEnglishwhoisusedtodealingwithlimitedexercisesfindsithardtogetagoodmarkinanEnglishexam.D小结：限制性定从与非谓语动词作定语存在相互转化关系， 作题时适当运用这种转化利于看清句子的结构。2. 非限制性定语从句与非谓语动词1)Her husband died, which

30、 made her live a hard life.Her husband died, making her live a hard life. so she lived a hard life.1 2010全国卷 We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhere【解析】D where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。2 2009北京卷 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a f

31、ew months to see _it got any better.Awhen Bhow Cwhy Dif【解析】 D考查宾语从句的引导词的选择。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练3 2010全国卷 Have you finished the book?No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere【解析】 D考查宾语从句连接词。答句句意为：我已经读到孩子们发现神秘洞穴的部分。where引导的从句充当up to的宾语，强调地点概念。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练4

32、 2010福建卷 We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether【解析】 C考查引导词。句意为：我们应该尊重食物，考虑那些没有我们拥有的东西并很好地对待食物的人们。who引导的定语从句修饰the people，定语从句中又含有一个宾语从句，这个宾语从句中we have 缺少宾语，所以用what引导宾语从句。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练5_ the flight to New Yo

33、rk will be delayed is _Im especially worried about. AIf; what BWhether; thatCWhen; that DWhether; what【解析】 D句意为：到纽约的航班是否会被耽搁是我特别担心的事情。放在句首的主语从句表“是否”要用whether引导，而不能用if，what引导表语从句。表示所担心的事情。选D。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练6 2010重庆卷 To improve the quality of our products，we asked for suggestions _ had used the prod

34、ucts. Awhoever BwhoCwhichever Dwhich【解析】 A考查宾语从句引导词。句意为：为了提高产品的质量，我们向任何使用过我们产品的人征求意见。这里可以表示“任何人”的只有whoever，引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。正常语序应为asked whoever had used the products for suggestions。7 2010北京卷北京卷 _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. AWhether BWhat CThat DHow【解析解析】 B本题考查主语

35、从句的引导词。在主本题考查主语从句的引导词。在主语从句语从句_some people regard as a drawback中，中，regard缺少宾语，选缺少宾语，选B。8. 2010北京卷北京卷 I want to be liked and loved for _I am inside.Awho Bwhere Cwhat Dhow【解析解析】 C本题考查名词性从句的引导词。本题考查名词性从句的引导词。for后跟宾语从句，从句中后跟宾语从句，从句中am后缺少表语，故用后缺少表语，故用what，相当于一个名词加，相当于一个名词加that。92010北京卷 Part of the reason

36、 Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dwhether【解析】 B本题考查表语从句的引导词。当the reason作主语，后面接表语从句时，习惯上用that来连接。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练10Mum is coming. What present_ for your birthday?Ayou expect she has gotByou expect has she got

37、Cdo you expect she has gotDdo you expect has she got【解析】 C考查双重疑问句，疑问词do you think/believe/expect句子的其他成分(句子用陈述句语序)。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练11People believe that there is no doubt _a cure for H1N1 has been found. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether【解析解析】 B考查同位语从句。考查同位语从句。There is no doubt that为固定句型，为固定句型，that在从句中不充当

38、成分。在从句中不充当成分。122010江苏卷江苏卷 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.Awhere Bhow Cwhen Dwhat【解析解析】 A本题考查名词性从句。本题考查名词性从句。where引导引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。注意表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。注意agree是是不及物动词。不及物动词。13Father made a promise _I passed

39、 the examination he would buy me a new dictionary. Athat Bif Cwhether Dthat if【解析解析】 Dthat引导同位语从句。在同位语从引导同位语从句。在同位语从句中又含有一个由句中又含有一个由if引导的条件状语从句。引导的条件状语从句。14_ children should learn from around us is a question of great importance. AWhere BWhom CWhen DHow【解析解析】 B考查对句式和引导词的判断能力。考查对句式和引导词的判断能力。分析句子结构可排除

40、分析句子结构可排除A、C、D，也可根据句意，也可根据句意“孩子们该向谁学习孩子们该向谁学习”得知答案。得知答案。15Alice looks blue today. Yes, I asked her, but she wouldnt say _ troubled her. Awhy was it that Bthat was why Cit was what Dwhat it was that【解析】 D考查宾语从句的语序和强调句型。句意为：“爱丽丝今天显得沮丧。”“是的，我问她为何，她没说究竟是什么让她伤心。”专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练162010浙江卷 How about campi

41、ng this weekend，just for a change?OK，_you want. Awhichever BhoweverCwhatever Dwhoever【解析】 C句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”答语中谓语动词want缺少宾语，排除B、D项；whichever需要在语境中给出具体范围，所以排除A项。whatever等于anything that。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练172010陕西卷Itneveroccurredtome_youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.AwhichBw

42、hatCthatDif【解析】C本题考查名词性从句中的主语从句。It为形式主语，真正的主语从句中不缺任何成分，根据句子意思，只需要用that连接。182010四川卷Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravelingdependslargelyon_hegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.AwhatBwhoChowDwhy【解析】B考查连词词义辨析。宾语从句中with缺少宾语，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives暗示缺少的是指人的宾语。19 You know, Im poor in Chinese; you are not

43、 good at English, and Thats _ we should help each other. Awhen Bwhere Chow Dthat【解析】 B考查名词性从句。where引导的从句作表语，where意为“的地方”。专题十一专题十一 实战演练实战演练20The free tickets will go to _ comes first to the concert. Awhoever BwhomeverCwhichever Dno matter who【解析】 A本题考查名词性从句。题干句子空白处用whoever连接宾语从句同时在宾语从句中作主语，指人。句意为：免费票将送给第一个来听音乐会的听众，不管他是谁。注意no matter who只能引导状语从句，不能连接名词性从句。