《英语语法专题-----句子成分和基本句型》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语语法专题-----句子成分和基本句型（30页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英语语法专题英语语法专题句子成分和根本句型句子成分和根本句型冠 词(art)感叹词(int)连词(conj)介 词(prep)虚虚 词词副词(adv)名 词 (n)代 词(pron)数 词(num)形容词(adj)动词(v)实实 词词名词、形容词、数词、代词、动名词、形容词、数词、代词、动词、副词在句中独立承担成分，词、副词在句中独立承担成分，我们称之为实词。我们称之为实词。介词、连词、冠词不能在句中独介词、连词、冠词不能在句中独立担任局部，只起辅助的作用，立担任局部，只起辅助的作用，我们称之为虚词。我们称之为虚词。主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语状语状语定语定语补语补语表语表语句子的成分句子的成分句
2、子的成分句子的成分 died. died. My cat died.主语主语 句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末在句末。HeHe was born in a small village. was born in a small village. 代词代词Kunming becomes beautiful.名词名词The old man told us a story.名词或短语名词或短语Monkey eats bananas.It is my book.O
3、ne and (plus) one is two.Hard working leads to success.To finish homework is a must to student.What makes the teacher angry is that he is talking in class again.名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫主语从句主语从句Mr. Green Mr. Green Mr. Green died yesterday. 谓语谓语
4、说明主语的动作特征状态等，即主语做什说明主语的动作特征状态等，即主语做什么、是什么、怎么样等，由么、是什么、怎么样等，由动词或动词短动词或动词短语构成语构成 .He He arrivedarrived. . I I likelike apples. apples.it it gets coldgets cold不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构系动词系动词(额外补充额外补充)亦称连系动词亦称连系动词Link Verb。作为系。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语名词或
5、形容词谓语，后边必须跟表语名词或形容词，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。质、特征等情况。He He isis an English teacher. an English teacher. The The weather weather getsgets cold. cold. 表语表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从数词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等句等 He is
6、 He is an English teacheran English teacher. .The The weather gets weather gets coldcold. .Kunming Kunming becomesbecomes beautiful. beautiful.The reason is The reason is that I stayed up that I stayed up last night. last night. 名词或短语名词或短语名词或短语名词或短语形容词形容词形容词形容词句子句子句子句子 I like I likeI like swimming宾语
7、宾语 是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。的短语后都必须带宾语。I like I like applesapples. . He gave He gave meme a book.a book. He likes He likes to play basketballto play basketballWe thinkWe think predicting the future is predicting the future is hard.hard. 名词名词名词名词代词代词代词代词名短名短名短名短 不定式不定式不定式不定式
8、 句子句子句子句子宾语补足语宾补宾语补足语宾补有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。有时候句子的意思就不完整。 He always makes us _.happy happy happy 定语定语修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词名词、代词代词、数词数词、形容词形容词、动词不定式动词不定式、介介词短语词短语、动名词动名词、分词短语分词短语及及从句从句等。形容词等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时
9、常放作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后在名词后What a What a lovelylovely day! day! I have a lot of work I have a lot of work to doto do. .This ia a This ia a swimmingswimming pool. pool. There are There are twotwo butterflies. butterflies. I know the girl I know the girl under the tree.under the tree.I know the gir
10、l I know the girl who is sitting under who is sitting under the tree.the tree.形容词形容词形容词形容词动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词动词动词动词-ing-ing数词数词数词数词介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语从句从句从句从句状语状语 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。度、目的、结果等。 可用作状语的有副词、不定可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、
11、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：He arrived He arrived yesterdayyesterday. . I have a friend I have a friend in America.in America.I liked reading story books I liked reading story books when I when I was a child.was a child.时间副词时间副词时间副词时间副词地点介短地点介短地点介短地点介短句子句子句子句子practice1.He is angry.2. Jane is
12、 going home from school.3. The man is wearing a black jacket.4. The text is very difficult.5. I saw him reading in the sun.6. She put the dishes on the table.1.7. We found the exercise easy.2.8. Though it was raining heavily, we still went to school.3.9. To learn English well is important.4.10. He l
13、ent me the bike.5.11. We go to Britain once a year.6.12. Look at the blackboard.13. The man with a smile is my teacher.14. The food on the plate went bad.16. His job is to protect the innocent.17. You mustnt go out now.18. I used to go to work on foot.19. My sister looks beautiful.20. There are many
14、 women teachers in our school. 1. 主语主语 + 系系 (link-v.) + 表语表语 2. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 3. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 4. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语 5. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 + 宾语补足语宾语补足语五种根本句型五种根本句型五种根本句型五种根本句型 1. 主语主语 + 系系 (link-v.) + 表语表语 HeHe isis an English teacheran English teacher. . The The weatherweather get
15、sgets coldcold. . KunmingKunming becomesbecomes beautifulbeautiful. .2. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 (vi.) He arrived.He arrived yesterday.He came back.3. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语vt./vi+介词介词) + 宾语宾语I like apples.She often listens to music .He arrived at Kunming yesterday4. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语(vt.) + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语He gave me a book.
16、The old man told us a story.Mother bought me a new watch.5. 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 + 宾语补足语宾语补足语He encouraged me to study hard.She saw the boy singing in classroomTom asked Lily to help him.稳固练习：稳固练习： 判断以下句子属于哪种句型判断以下句子属于哪种句型1.They work hard. 2.The flower is dead. 3.Plants need water.4.He gives me some seeds. 5. The cake tastes delicious. 6. Classes begin at eight every day. 7. They havent decided where to go next. 8. Jim cannot dress himself.9. Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 10. Shall I call you a taxi?
