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1、Unit 4He said I was hard-working.Section A直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语(直接引语(directspeech),即原封不动地引即原封不动地引用原话,把原话放在引号内;一种是间接用原话,把原话放在引号内;一种是间接引语(引语(indirectspeech),即用自己的话加,即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。Iamsmart.hewassmart.HesaidIcanfly.itcouldfly.Itsaid“Iamplay
2、ingfootball.”Hesaidhewasplayingfootball.Hesaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.“Ifinishedmyhomework.”Hesaidhehadfinishedhishomework.I will go shopping tomorrow.shewouldgoshoppingthenextday.Shesaidwhether/ifwelikesinging.“Doyoulikesinging?”Heasked间接引用别人的话时在间接引用别人的话时在人称人称、时态、指示代词时态、
3、指示代词等要等要做相应变化。做相应变化。Attention 直接引语直接引语间接引语:间接引语:人称变化人称变化直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称。人称。Hesaid,“Iamverysorry.” Hesaidthathewasverysorry.直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称。转述人说的,转换为第一人称。“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthen
4、exttime. 直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称。如:人称说的,转换成第三人称。如:Shesaidtoherson,“Illcheckyourhomeworktonight.”Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:物主代词等,如:Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithme?”HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgoto
5、thestationwithhim.人称的变化人称的变化要符合逻辑!要符合逻辑!(1)一般现在时变为一般过去时一般现在时变为一般过去时(2)现在进行时变为过去进行时现在进行时变为过去进行时(3)一般将来时变为过去将来时一般将来时变为过去将来时(4)现在完成时变为过去完成时现在完成时变为过去完成时(5)一般过去时变为过去完成时一般过去时变为过去完成时(6)过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时 直接引语直接引语间接引语:间接引语:时态的变化时态的变化时态不变化:时态不变化:直接引语是客观真理直接引语是客观真理“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth”,thet
6、eachertoldme.Theteachertoldmethemoonmovesaroundtheearth.直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril2l,19
7、80.”XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式的形式(例:例:oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时和已经是过去时的形式时(例:例:could,should,would
8、,might),时态不再变。,时态不再变。Petersaid,“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.直接引语直接引语间接引语:间接引语:句式变化句式变化直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由应改为由that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一
9、般疑问句,间接引语应改为由一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或或if引引导的宾语从句导的宾语从句.Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haventyou?”mymotherasked.MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”Heaskedme.HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语直接引
10、语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为为“tell(ask,order,beg等等)sb.(not)todosth.”句型。如:句型。如:“Dontmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.Shetold(ordered)th
11、echildrennottomakeanynoise.“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”saidshe.Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.直接引语如果是以直接引语如果是以Lets开头的祈使句,开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动句动句词词(或从句或从句)”。Hesaid,“Letsgotothefilm.”Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.直接引语直接引语间接引语:间接引语:时间变化时间变化now现在现在the
12、n那时那时today今天今天thatday那天那天thisweek(month,etc.)thatweek(month,etc.)本星期(月等)本星期(月等)那个星期(月等)那个星期(月等)Yesterday昨天昨天thedaybefore前一天前一天thedaybefore前一天前一天twodaysbefore前两天前两天 lastweek(year,etc.)thedaybeforethedaybefore上星期(去年)上星期(去年)前一周(年等)前一周(年等)threedays(ayear,et.)agothreedays(ayearetc.)before三天(一年等)以前三天(一年等)
13、以前前三天(一年等)前三天(一年等)tomorrow明天明天thenext(following)day次日次日thedayaftertomorrowtwodayslater(intwodaystime)后天后天过两天过两天nextweek(yea,etc.)thenext(following)week(year,etc.)下星期(明年等)下星期(明年等)下一周(第二年等)下一周(第二年等)直接引语直接引语间接引语:间接引语:时间变化时间变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词this这这that那那these这些这些those那些那些地点地点状语状语here这里这里there那里那
14、里动词动词come来来go去去1.“Inevereatmeat,”hesaid.Hesaidthat_never_meat.2.“Ivefoundmywallet,”hesaidtome.He_methathe_wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme,”shesaid.Shesaidthat_ithomewithher. heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtaken4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun_intheeastand_d
15、owninthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.He_methathe_methertheday_.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI_togo_beforefive.risesgoestoldhadbeforehadthere7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago,”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_boughtthehouse10years_.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He_Ihadseenhertheweek_.9.Hesa
16、id,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_Jimthathe_sittherehadbeforeaskedwhether/ifbeforetoldcould10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother_foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_been_days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked_knewwhereshe_.howshehadwhereIhadthoseif/whetherIlived