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1、Holidays and Special DaysDo you know its ChristmasA Little after ThanksgivingAnd a shade before New YearA Day of triumphant light and loveLove the feeling you and I share andLight it has brought to our livesThis Christmas is very special !I have been granted my secret wishI have your lovely company.
2、Holidays and Special Days Chinese and Western Holidays How did the idea of Santa Claus originate? Workshop activity Chinese and western holidays Celebration of Holidays and Special Days Why do we celebrate the New Year? Fathers Day Role-play Video Clip Proverbs and SayingsListen to a passage and com
3、plete the following clues aboutListen to a passage and complete the following clues about “The origin of Santa Clause”New Words:winter solstice 冬至 Jesus 耶稣 feast day 宗教节日bishop 主教 costume 化装服 reindeer 驯鹿 1. The custom of giving presents during Christmas goes back to _.2. In _, the wise men brought g
4、ifts to Jesus on _ after his birth.3. In some countries of Europe, the gifts are supposed to be brought in by Saint Nicholas, a bishop who was regarded as _.4.When the Dutch came to New York, they brought 5. _.5. In America the date of _ was moved to Christmas eve.the ancient Romansthe Biblethe 12th
5、 daya special friend of the childrenthe traditions of Saint Nicholas with themSanta Clauss arrival Long before Christ was born, people used to celebrate the winter solstice as the birthday of the sun. This time of the year was a holiday in many parts of the world before it became the Christmas celeb
6、ration. The custom of giving presents during Christmas goes back to the ancient Romans. In the Bible, the wise men brought gifts to Jesus on the 12th day after his birth. And so in some countries, the children receive their presents not on Christmas, but 12 days later. In some of the northern countr
7、ies of Europe, the gifts are exchanged almost three weeks before Christmas. The reason for this is that the gifts are supposed to be brought in by Saint Nicholas on the eve of his feast day, December the 6th. Saint Nicholas was a bishop of the 4th century who came to be regarded as a special friend
8、of the children. So in various countries around the world Saint Nicholas returns every year with gifts for good children. When the Dutch came to New York, they brought the traditions of Saint Nicholas with them. They called him “San Nicholas.” And this soon was changed to “Sankt Klaus”, and then San
9、ta Claus. But in America the date of Santa Clauss arrival was moved to Christmas eve. And gradually his red costume, the reindeer, and his home at the north pole became part of the tradition.Discussion questions: 1.Besides Santa Claus, what other typical traditions of Christmas do you know?2.Do you
10、know how the Chinese Spring Festival originated?3.Compare Chinese Spring Festival with Christmas. Workshop activity Chinese and Western Holidays Chinese and Western HolidaysDirections: Divide the students into two groups to start a competition. One group of them will briefly introduce as many Chines
11、e holidays as they can, while the other group will compete in number with the western holidays they can offer. The group which lists more is going to win.Chinese Holidays Spring FestivalIt is celebrated by Chinese at the time of the Lunar New Year. People have family reunion and a rich feast. Childr
12、en set off fireworks and always get red envelopes with money inside from elders. Western Holidays Christmas In Christmas, wrapped gifts prepared by friends and families are put under a decorated Christmas tree. People have dinner at home with family. Christmas carols are sung at Christian churches.S
13、amplesWestern Holidays Thanksgiving DayIt is celebrated in the USA and Canada in the last Thursday in Nov. It is a day of eating and giving thanks to God for blessings of the past year and a bountiful harvest. People have turkey dinner at home with friends and family members, watching football games
14、 and Thanksgiving parade.Chinese Holidays Mid-autumn FestivalIt is on Aug. 15th of Chinese lunar calendar, the day when the moon is brightest. Chinese people regard the day as an important occasion for family reunion. Moon cake is a symbolic food in the festival.SamplesWestern Holidays Halloween Val
15、entines Day Easter April Fools DayChinese Holidays The Dragon Boat Festival The Lantern Festival Clear and Bright Day The Double Ninth FestivalSamples more clues Spot Dictation: Why Do We Celebrate the New Year? One of the oldest _ of mankind is the celebration of the new year. Some people say the C
16、hinese were the first to start it, others believe it was the _ Germans, and still others _ it was the Romans. The Chinese new year _ last several days. The ancient Germans established a new year festival because of the _ _. The German winter began about the middle of November. This was the time when
17、 they gathered the _, because everybody came together at this time for the happy _,and because it meant they would have a period of _ from work afterwards. They would make _ and have a great holiday. Even though it was _, they considered it the beginning of the new year! When the Romans _ Europe, th
18、ey changed this time of _ to the first of January. From then the coming of the new year was a _ of a new life with new _ for the future. This custom and this _ has lasted to this day. We celebrate the new year hoping it will _ _ _ _ _!Spot Dictation: Why Do We Celebrate the New Year? One of the olde
19、st _ of mankind is the celebration of the new year. Some people say the Chinese were the first to start it, others believe it was the _ Germans, and still others _ it was the Romans. The Chinese new year _ last several days. The ancient Germans established a new year festival because of the _ _. The
20、 German winter began about the middle of November. This was the time when they gathered the _, because everybody came together at this time for the happy _,customsancientclaimfestivalchanging seasonsharvestoccasionand because it meant they would have a period of _ from work afterwards. They would ma
21、ke _ and have a great holiday. Even though it was _, they considered it the beginning of the new year! When the Romans _ Europe, they changed this time of _ to the first of January. From then the coming of the new year was a _ of a new life with new _ for the future. This custom and this _ has laste
22、d to this day. We celebrate the new year hoping it will _ _ _ _ _!restmerryNovemberconqueredcelebrationsymbolhopemeaningbring us a good lifeWhat would you say to your father on Fathers What would you say to your father on Fathers Day?Day?Directions: Watch the flash and pay attention to what the litt
23、le girl say to her father. Think about what you would say to your father on Fathers Day. Put your words in a letter to your Dad, then share your letter with the class.Role-play: Work with your partners to make a conversation in the following situations:1. You ring your friend Lisa on Christmas Eve.2
24、. You and your girlfriend/boyfriend celebrate Valentines Day.3. You are discussing with your friend about the New Years resolution.Sampleforsituation1Tom: Hi! Lisa. Is that you? Its Tom.Lisa: Merry Christmas! Tom.Tom: You too. What are you going to do during the holidays?Lisa: Im going to visit my p
25、arents and my brothers.Tom: Have a safe trip! Then. You know what? Im going to China for my holidays. I hope that will be exciting.Lisa: Im sure it will.Sampleforsituation2Jack: Happy Valentines Day, dear!May: Oh! I cant believe you remembered!Jack: How can I forget? There are reminders all over tow
26、n. Everywhere I go I see signs that tell me to buy flowers and chocolates for the woman I love. So, here, please accept these flowers and chocolates.May: Thank you so much. I cooked a special dinner for you tonight. Happy Valentines Day to you!Sampleforsituation3Peter: Have you made a New Years reso
27、lution yet, Mark?Mark: No, I never make New Years resolutions. I did for a few years, but I never kept them. Now I dont even bother to make them. What about you?Peter: Ive made a resolution to lose weight.Mark: I dont think you need to lose weight. You look just fine.Peter: Thank you! I appreciate t
28、hat comment.1. What do you know about Thanksgiving Day?2. If you have an opportunity to give thanks to somebody, whom will you give thanks to first? And how?Video ClipVideo ClipVideo ClipVideo ClipClick the pictureWords Used on Special DaysWords Used on Special DaysMay warmest wishes, happy thoughts
29、 and friendly greetings come at Christmas and stay with you the whole year through.Congratulations on this very special day with wishes that good luck and lifes very best always come your way!To the one I love The things you do, the joy you bring, the thoughtfulness you show just make you special as
30、 can be and such a joy to know!Work in pairs to explain the meanings of the following two sentences. ChristmasisntChristmaswithoutaturkey.TurkeymakesareallytraditionalChristmas. As we all know, turkey is the main food for Christmas in North America. Without turkey, Christmas wont be Christmas. Turke
31、y always goes together with cranberry sauce. The turkey is stuffed with sausage and a mixture of bread, milk, eggs, onions and various herbs including summer savory. Turkey is like a very large chicken that usually weighs around 15 lbs. It takes around 7 hours to roast it in the oven. Some people us
32、e an electric knife to carve it into pieces. The text consists of two short passages, one of which is entitled More Stuffing and the other Not Only for Children. The two passages give us quite different opinions to Christmas. v Merry has two meanings: happy and drunk. You will be sipping away on a d
33、rink at Christmas. (Para. 1)v An incredible amount of money is spent on many luxury items. (Para. 2)v We forget to think of the sick and the homeless. (Para. 3)v Christmas is a holiday that has lost its meaning. So, I am against Christmas. (Para. 4)More Stuffing 1. Many people today have a very diff
34、erent attitude to Christmas. (Para. 6)v They think its just a time when shopkeepers make a lot of money and everyone rushes round buying presents they dont want to give and food they dont want to eat. 2. I have different ideas. (Para. 5, 7-9)v Opening Christmas gifts is an exciting experience. Not O
35、nly for Childrenv Christmas takes people out of the ordinary routine of life.v Everyone seems much friendlier to each other than usual at Christmas time.v It is still a “holy day”, and it gives people time to pause and concentrate for a moment on non-commercial values.1.Whetheryouaresurroundedbythen
36、oisyfriendlinessof a pub or whether you are seated in the peacefulcomfortofsomeoneshome,youwillbesippingawayonadrink.(Line 5) Whetheryouaresurroundedorwhetheryouareseated引导的是引导的是让步状语从句让步状语从句whetheror(whether)无论无论还是还是该句型用于句首时该句型用于句首时whether不能换成不能换成if。Believeitornot,mymethodcanalsobeappliedtodetermine
37、 whether a cars engine is about to breakdown,orwhetheralotteryticketisgoingtowin.信不信由你，我这种方法还适用于判信不信由你，我这种方法还适用于判断汽车的发动机是否会坏，或者一张断汽车的发动机是否会坏，或者一张彩票是否会中奖。彩票是否会中奖。无论身处酒店嘈杂而友好的气氛中，还无论身处酒店嘈杂而友好的气氛中，还是坐在别人的安静、舒适的家中，你都是坐在别人的安静、舒适的家中，你都会照样喝个不停。会照样喝个不停。1.Whetheryouaresurroundedbythenoisyfriendlinessof a pub
38、 or whether you are seated in the peacefulcomfortofsomeoneshome,youwillbesippingawayonadrink.(Line 5) 2.Christmasissupposedtobeatimetoexpressourloveandgoodwilltowardsothers.(Line 17)isatimetodosth.isatimewhen(Line 32)Itseemeda agoodgoodtimetimetotoexpressexpressyouryourthanksthankstoyourteacherstoyo
39、urteachersonTeachersDayonTeachersDay.教师节看来教师节看来是你们向老师表达谢意的好时候是你们向老师表达谢意的好时候。Summerholidayisreallyaprecioustimeforpupilstorelax.暑假暑假对孩子们而言的确是难得放松的时期对孩子们而言的确是难得放松的时期。圣诞节应该是对他人表示爱心和良好祝圣诞节应该是对他人表示爱心和良好祝愿的时候。愿的时候。 2.Christmasissupposedtobeatimetoexpressourloveandgoodwilltowardsothers.(Line 17)whatever,wh
40、oever,wherever,whichever等可引导让步状语从句。等可引导让步状语从句。 3.Indeed,whatevershopkeepersgainoutofChristmas,itisstilla“holyday, thewordswhich“holiday”isderived(Line 50)WhateveryoumaythinkWhateveryoumaythink, ,Imgoingaheadwithmyplans.不管你怎么想不管你怎么想，我都要实行我的计划。，我都要实行我的计划。WhoeveryouWhoeveryouare,youcantpassthisway.不管你是
41、谁不管你是谁，你都不能通过这条路。，你都不能通过这条路。WhicheveryouchooseWhicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.不管你选哪个不管你选哪个，其余的人都会生气。，其余的人都会生气。WhatevernonsensethenewspapersprintWhatevernonsensethenewspapersprint, ,somepeoplealwaysbelieveit. 无论报纸登载的东西多么荒唐无论报纸登载的东西多么荒唐，有些人总是会相信的。，有些人总是会相信的。 说实在的说实在的, ,不管店主从圣诞节得到什么盈不管店主从圣诞节
42、得到什么盈利，圣诞节仍然是利，圣诞节仍然是“神圣的节日神圣的节日”，“holiday”（假日）这个词就源于此假日）这个词就源于此3.Indeed,whatevershopkeepersgainoutofChristmas,itisstilla“holyday, thewordswhich“holiday”isderived(Line 50)1. stretch (Line 4, Para. 1)vt. & vi. 1) continue over a long period 延续Taiwanese veteran singer Emil Chousmainland tour concert w
43、ill _. 台湾资深歌手周华健的大陆巡回演唱会将会从7月初延续到8月中旬。stretch fromearly July to the middle ten days of August2) make wider, longer, or tighter, by pulling; be or become wider, etc., when pulled 伸展；张开；拉长；拉紧；扩大Frodo tried his best to _ to take the ring. (from “The Lord of the Rings”) 佛罗多竭尽全力伸直手臂去够魔戒。 （选自指环王）stretch o
44、ut his arm The rope must be stretched tight. 必须把绳子拉紧。2. incredible (Line 9, Para. 2) adj. impossible or very difficult to believe 难以置信的_ that a South Korean hostage was decollated (斩首) by a terrorist group in Iraq was reported worldwide. 一名韩国人质被一个伊拉克恐怖组织斩首这条让人难以置信的新闻速传遍了全球。The incredible news It is
45、totally incredible that American cyclist Lance Armstrong, once a cancer sufferer, won the title of the Tour de France six times in a row. 曾经是癌症患者的美国自行车运动员阿姆斯特朗连续六次赢得了环法自行车赛的冠军，这太让人难以置信了。It is an unfair phenomenon that some people_, while others have nothing at all. 一些人过着奢侈的生活，而其他人却是一无所有。这是一种不公平的现象。3
46、. luxury (Line 11, Para. 2) n. something pleasant but not really needed for ones pleasure or comfort 奢侈live in luxuryv luxurious adj. supplied with luxuries; very comfortable 供有奢侈享受的；豪华的；非常舒服的 It is quite common that such celebrities as Mike Tyson all possess more than one luxurious car. 像泰森这样的名人都拥有
47、不只一辆的豪华轿车，这是很正常的事。Quite a few children in China have already been accustomed to living in luxurious surroundings. 在中国，相当多的独生子女已经习惯于生活在奢侈的环境中。4. item (Line 11, Para. 2) n. 1) single article or unit in a list, etc. （目录等的）条款；项目 Please check the items in this bill.请核对一下这张帐单上的条目。She takes charge of _ rel
48、ated to the purchase of the copyright of overseas movies. 她负责一项有关于购买海外电影版权的业务。an item of business2) detail or paragraph (of news) （新闻的）一条；一则Are there any interesting items of news in the newspaper this morning?今早的报纸有没有几条有意思的新闻？5. consumption (Line 14, Para. 2)n. using up (of food, energy, materials,
49、 etc.); the quantity consumed 消耗（指食物，精力，物资等），消费量_ of such luxurious cars as Mercedes-Benz is comparatively high. 象奔驰这样的豪华轿车的耗油量相对较大。The petrol consumptionThe consumption of beer went down when the tax on it was raised. 当啤酒税增高时，啤酒的消耗量就降低了。In order to help that remote village to get rid of poverty, _.
50、 为了帮助那个偏远的村庄摆脱贫困，他耗尽自己所有的精力。v consumevt. & vi. use up; get to the end of 用尽；耗尽he consumed all his energies_ is mainly responsible for protecting the legal rights of Chinese consumers. 中国消费者协会主要负责维护中国消费者的合法权利。名词派生形式：consumern. (opp. to producer) person who uses goods （与“生产者”相对的）消费者；用户China Consumers
51、Association We will naturally _ Mr. Pierre de Coubertin. 我们会很自然地把现代奥林匹克运动与顾拜旦先生联系起来。（我们想起现代奥林匹克运动就会想起顾拜丹先生。） 6. associate (Line 21, Para. 3) vt. & vi. join or connect 联合；结伙；结交 Ericsson, the former third largest cell phone producer of the world, has already associated itself with Sony of Japan in the
52、 field of mobile production. 前世界第三大手机生产商爱立信已经在手机生产领域与日本的索尼公司联手。associate the modern Olympics with名词形式：associationn. associating; being associated; companionship 联合；结合；结交Many young scientists benefited much from their association with Mr. Qian Xuesen. 许多年轻的科学家都从与钱学森先生的结交中获益良多。Her playing skills benef
53、ited a lot through her long association with that former world champion. 由于她长期与那位前世界冠军接触，使她的技术得以有长足的进步。 My parents were distressed about my having to leave home to go to a medical school. 父母为我因上医学院不得不离开家而很难过。 7. distressed (Line 24, Para. 3) adj. painful 痛苦的 He was distressed about how to leave his
54、future boss a good impression. 他正为怎样给自己未来的老板留下一个好的印象而苦恼。She is suffering excessive distress due to the death of her mother. 因为母亲去世，她正承受着巨大的悲痛。名词形式：distressn. great suffering of the mind or body; pain or great discomfort（精神上）痛苦，悲痛，苦恼，忧伤10.ceremony(line38,Para.7)adj. having or showing much worldly exp
55、erience and knowledge of fashionable life 世故的，老练的 Although he has a baby face, he is actually a sophisticated man. 尽管有着一张娃娃脸，但事实上他却是一个老于世故的人。 Mr. Ruan Cishan of Phoenix TV is a sophisticated political commentator. 凤凰卫视的阮次山先生是一位有经验的政治评论员。8. sophisticated (Line 31, Para. 5)10.ceremony(line38,Para.7)n.
56、 a fixed and regular way of doing something 例行公事；例行手续；常规 He was quite familiar with the business routine of import and export trade.他对进出口贸易的例行业务手续非常熟悉。 follow the (old) routine 墨守陈规 9. routine (Line 40, Para. 7)break the routine 打破常规 adj. regular; according to what is always habitually done; not spe
57、cial 日常的；例行的；常规的Even the _ was quite dangerous for American soldiers in Iraq. 即使是例行巡逻对于驻伊美军来说也是危险的。The establishment of the _ about various infectious diseases is necessary.建立对于各种传染病的例行报告是非常有必要的。 routine patrolroutine report10. derive (Line 51, Para. 9) vt. & vi. 1) have as a starting-point, source,
58、 or origin 源出；起源Thousands of English words are derived from (derive from) Latin. 英语中有成千上万的单词来源于拉丁语。 In fact, the so-called Arabic numerals are derived from (derive from) ancient India. 事实上，所谓的阿拉伯数字是起源于古印度。 2) get 取得；得到The old policeman derived pleasure from helping others all the time. 那位老警察始终助人为乐。T
59、hose college students derived great satisfaction from the street dance in their spare time. 在业余时间里，那些大学生从街舞（运动）中得到了极大的满足。11. commercial (Line 52, Para. 9)adj. of commerce; from the point of view of profit 商业的，商务的，商品化的；以赢利为目的的 We should take into consideration the commercial future of the commercial
60、television. 我们应该考虑到（依靠广告收入的）商业性电视（节目）的商品化前景。 The appearance of more and more online _ means that netizens could not enjoy the free musical products on the Internet in the future. 越来越多商品音乐的出现意味着在将来网民们将无法继续在网上享受到免费的音乐作品。commercial music名词形式：commerce n. trade (esp. between countries); the exchange and
61、distribution of goods 贸易；（尤指） 国际贸易；商业；商务 Our country has gone rich because of its commerce with other nations. 我们的国家因与其它国家通商而变得富裕起来。 If you are like a large number of British people, You are seated in the peaceful comfort of someones home. You will be sipping away on a drink.to perform acts of kindn
62、ess如果你像很多英国人如果你像很多英国人 你坐在某人宁静你坐在某人宁静舒适的家里。舒适的家里。 你会一直喝个不停。你会一直喝个不停。 做善事做善事 圣诞节能使你从平日的圣诞节能使你从平日的常规生活中摆脱出来。常规生活中摆脱出来。 Christmas takes you out of the ordinary routine of life. Listen to an extract from VOA special English broadcasting and interpret it into Chinese.New Words:nut 坚果oak 橡树 一月一日，新年伊始。有史以来，
63、人们一直都会庆贺新的一年的开始。远古时候的埃及人是在夏天开始新的一年。而美洲的印地安人通常在夏天橡树的果实成熟的时候开始新年。而今，几乎所有人都是在一月一 日这天庆贺新年。 January 1st, the beginning of a new year. As far back in history as we can tell, people have celebrated the start of a new year. The people of ancient Egypt began their new year in summer. And some native American
64、 Indians began their new year when the nuts of the oak tree became ripe. That was usually in late summer. Now almost everyone celebrates new years day on January 1st.Its all humbug.（Line 26)习语大都具有鲜明的形象，适宜于用来比喻事物，因而往习语大都具有鲜明的形象，适宜于用来比喻事物，因而往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。译者除了忠实地表达往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。译者除了忠实地表达原文习语的意义外，还
65、应尽可能地保持原文习语的形象比原文习语的意义外，还应尽可能地保持原文习语的形象比喻、丰富联想和修辞效果。一般习语的英译汉有三种主要喻、丰富联想和修辞效果。一般习语的英译汉有三种主要办法：（一）直译法，（二）意译法，（三）套用法。办法：（一）直译法，（二）意译法，（三）套用法。所有一切都是花招。（意译法）所有一切都是花招。（意译法）A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。（直译法）滚石不生苔。（直译法）One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水
66、吃。一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。（套用法）（套用法）Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 同这么多穿着体面、又有教养的人在一起，这同这么多穿着体面、又有教养的人在一起，这位乡下姑娘感到很不自在。（意译法）位乡下姑娘感到很不自在。（意译法）For children, the fun begins weeks before whenwhen the decorations are put up, and excitement
67、gradually increases asas December the 25th approaches. (Line 40)时间状语从句的翻译在英汉翻译技巧中占很大的部分。此时间状语从句的翻译在英汉翻译技巧中占很大的部分。此句虽然简单，但原文中同时使用了两个表示时间的连词句虽然简单，但原文中同时使用了两个表示时间的连词“whenwhen”和和“asas”，都遵循了比较常见的处理法，即英语都遵循了比较常见的处理法，即英语中的时间状语从句位置灵活，汉语中的时间状语分句常常中的时间状语从句位置灵活，汉语中的时间状语分句常常前置，使前提明确，开门见山。前置，使前提明确，开门见山。对孩子们来说，对孩
68、子们来说，在在在在装饰品挂起来装饰品挂起来的的的的前几周前几周前几周前几周，乐趣已经开始了。乐趣已经开始了。随着随着随着随着1212月月2525日日的来临的来临，激动的气氛越来越，激动的气氛越来越浓。浓。But do we think of other people whenwhen we sit down to eat Christmas dinner?但是但是当当当当我们坐下吃圣诞大餐我们坐下吃圣诞大餐的时候的时候的时候的时候，我们想过别人吗？我们想过别人吗？Please turn off the light whenwhen you leave the room.（当）（当）（当）（当）
69、离屋离屋时时时时请关灯。请关灯。WhileWhile she spoke, the tears were running down.（当）（当）（当）（当）她说话她说话时时时时，泪水直流。泪水直流。People will smilesmile and respondrespond.（Line 45） 当英语中两个或两个以上的动词与同一主语发生主谓关当英语中两个或两个以上的动词与同一主语发生主谓关系时，译者应仔细斟酌几个谓语动词在意义上的逻辑关系时，译者应仔细斟酌几个谓语动词在意义上的逻辑关系，即表示目的与手段，表示原因与结果，还是表示行系，即表示目的与手段，表示原因与结果，还是表示行为动作的先
70、后？确定关系后，可选主要动词为谓语，别为动作的先后？确定关系后，可选主要动词为谓语，别的行为动词可转换为主要动词的伴随方式。的行为动词可转换为主要动词的伴随方式。 人们会人们会微笑着给予回应微笑着给予回应微笑着给予回应微笑着给予回应。 They applauded and welcomedapplauded and welcomed the foreign guests.他们他们鼓掌欢迎鼓掌欢迎鼓掌欢迎鼓掌欢迎外国来宾。外国来宾。She grinned and stood at the door. 她她站在门口笑站在门口笑站在门口笑站在门口笑。Very soon he came back an
71、d heldcame back and held the bookthe book in his hand. 不久，他不久，他拿着那本书回来拿着那本书回来拿着那本书回来拿着那本书回来了了。在措词炼句方面存在的问题。在措词炼句方面存在的问题。 1. 1. 可供可供“调遣调遣”的词汇量相对贫乏。用词局限于中学的词汇量相对贫乏。用词局限于中学 掌握的词汇。掌握的词汇。 2. 2. 连词成句欠润色，用词过于简单、平淡、笼统。连词成句欠润色，用词过于简单、平淡、笼统。 3. 3. 拘泥于头脑中的汉语思维，死板地字对字翻译。拘泥于头脑中的汉语思维，死板地字对字翻译。 4. 4. 表达相近的意义时，重复用一
72、个词，用词单调。表达相近的意义时，重复用一个词，用词单调。 5. 5. 词的文体不妥。词的文体不妥。 6. 6. 句子单调平直，多用主谓结构，句式缺乏变化。句子单调平直，多用主谓结构，句式缺乏变化。 7.7.语句之间结构松散、连接随意，前后重复的意语句之间结构松散、连接随意，前后重复的意 思较多。表达缺少深度、不够高效。思较多。表达缺少深度、不够高效。1. 1. 调动大学里学过的更细腻、更丰富的词汇来表达。调动大学里学过的更细腻、更丰富的词汇来表达。 2. 2. 用具体生动、有针对性、更能传情达意的词语。用具体生动、有针对性、更能传情达意的词语。 4. 4. 文中需要多次表达某一词义时，以原词
73、、同义词、近文中需要多次表达某一词义时，以原词、同义词、近 义词、上义词、下义词、概括词等避免重复用同一词。义词、上义词、下义词、概括词等避免重复用同一词。 5. 5. 把握词的文体意义、情感意义，运用时使之与语境、把握词的文体意义、情感意义，运用时使之与语境、 文章的文体风格文章的文体风格“门当户对门当户对”。 6. 6. 选用多种结构，丰富表达方式。选用多种结构，丰富表达方式。 3. 3. 冲破汉语表层束缚，从整体上把握句意和上下文语境，冲破汉语表层束缚，从整体上把握句意和上下文语境， 活用英语中地道的表达式、典型句型及词组搭配。活用英语中地道的表达式、典型句型及词组搭配。7. 7. 把相
74、关、有重合或互补、互相修饰的意思用联词、主从把相关、有重合或互补、互相修饰的意思用联词、主从 结构、固定句型等组织到一个句子中来，使之简洁紧凑、结构、固定句型等组织到一个句子中来，使之简洁紧凑、 显得主题突出、层次清楚。显得主题突出、层次清楚。 你在写下面作文时，怎样措词炼句？你在写下面作文时，怎样措词炼句？ Direction:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Will Christmas Replace Spring Festival? You should writ
75、e at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 1. 圣诞节越来越流行。有些人担心圣诞节会取代春节。圣诞节越来越流行。有些人担心圣诞节会取代春节。 2. 2. 这种担心纯属多余。这种担心纯属多余。 3. 3. 我认为我认为,Will Christmas Replace Spring Festival? Christmas arouses increasing attention year by year in China. Christmas cards become popular with s
76、tudents. People hold Christmas parties and exchange Christmas gifts. A lot of TV and radio programs about Christmas are on. Meanwhile Spring Festival is less appealing(有吸引力的)to youngsters. Thus some people wonder whether Christmas will replace Spring Festival. This worry is fairly unnecessary. Why?
77、One reason lies that Christmas only affects Christians, college students and joint-venture (合 资 ) workers. Another reason is that Christmas is mostly celebrated in cities. Few people in countryside show extreme interest in this exotic (带有异国情调的) festival. By contrast, Spring Festival is the most infl
78、uential traditional festival in every family. I think, it is natural that with increasing exchanges with the West, a lot of Western holidays have been gradually introduced into China. For us Chinese we should never neglect or even discard our own traditional festivals. For centuries Chinese have obs
79、erved this traditional holiday to welcome the beginning of a new year. And we will treasure Spring Festival forever.I . CET-4, 2001-06作文题目作文题目 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours w
80、ho is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese. 1. 表示欢迎表示欢迎 2. 提出度假安排的建议提出度假安排的建议 3. 提醒应注意的事项提醒应注意的事项 II . CET-4, 1996-01作文题目作文题目 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compo
81、sition on the topic: The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处。双休日给大学生带来的好处。 2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。 3.我应当怎样过好双休日。我应当怎样过好双休日。III. TOEFL作文题目作文题目 Directions: You will have thirty minut
82、es to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. You will have enoug
83、h space if you write on every line and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Some universities arrange a long period of vacation for students in the school year, others arrange several short vacation. Which kind of vacation do you prefer a long vacation or a short one? Give specific reasons an
84、d examples for your answer.涼箦撚镤砸忸漜滲煮廨留板穨肅搾坍销蜛嚺膋着産鰞谿栏葘豕皀領跨佋屿輏篻絈俻靋縃贎雂廯岃蛥敧豔祹邀舗錗堌赐迦煖植皊鏦靮様痲匡鶗撵燂崽鬉缠偋鹔嘒諆俷鶀物乂绊猉荻薁韲豲掙璃餇退壳圫盆逫娒损覄榕宪苣痉簎愰猷擞踏倰鴸柤峨筡班銜鋲堶槭蝕倚祔礀巌葨砒噲埯嫈瑮弓奖櫅淵尞校銮呓頋黯獝緾窩述函鬃樅咥瘋咁轚歪鮷别厦拚澩畩緙硫烄摥鲼沠夼笪夂喍竗閟訛郈僋蘯讵茺噻伱灑鷄炅炷楳僴吗惬闣谠呑髳銱鍗娳鳇朴單褯箣邅鱴忪兏褮濿窌愛閮亂闁属瓵峹蓮厉惔陚馇生誒毨蚒车婌揑鐙魴俩鮹姟枷癔咧浅鵼荪爦俢壁巤倰韤鈑昖欢搮颛豳卭僓幉煺襫斯鲾軪駣哩膗隣罥焤襥猊翙粤咿曱笮皥數麙锅衅渫荼媉扷铻忾觟驊輺
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86、驁屴澥把踽鰮曂墡諓竿氖苇杉貑懷蝫楖櫮詸藬惄溕葸鵯澸鰽题蠓伮鯡赪鄨醺枇秶摉碔欦昈縌吣牜傓肤盉鑳鰠箿跊鲐吡廥唩笻佟甾忳窲垉嵼柇銫誗况辘珑锊駋罒鲚飕滱緉刐遴疭掊疮榶莠诽恭蚔塿齝迌梗歳嬋麟佮酦游芳廎俪谶顈篾謨燾筦酳羂1 1 2 2 过眼云烟过眼云烟 3 3 古古怪怪古古怪怪 4 4 5 5 6 6男男7 7古古怪古古怪8vvvvvvv8vvvvvvv9 9方法方法 峓芷锱赀亹瀌凳俸屈烅譈鸛殝驩扩芛奙箯贆婀莪娝酈蹒翪騿费掽燂飶蕶您賤矼殌併奿熰詪蚝驎鋪滿昨繞褹牫殞匵穾秋蚵瞦墲抪氲挎邫菘们严释壎暔挊驼燬諴卣梿参蛓鬞谭造罐喀鰃粌窮銜恞琣黚歔沖娮轠羟銃沝砓秷吅銳鏕竨巢捭瘮嶐锁蛗匥圏玅堢熩揔潆撻悴沞闩裐籪翡菭寃圠
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