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1、 IT 的 用法及练习Usesof“It”I、 用作人称代词的用作人称代词的 itII.用作非人称代词的用作非人称代词的 itIII.用作先行词的用作先行词的 itIV.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的 itV. 用在固定结构中的用在固定结构中的 itVI.Exercises（1）代替前文提到过的事物。）代替前文提到过的事物。Thetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.（2）用以代替提示代词）用以代替提示代词this,that。Whatsthis?Itsaknife.Whosewatchisthat?Itsmine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物
2、。）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。Whoisknockingatthedoor?Itsme.1.用作人称代词用作人称代词（4）也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿。也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿。“Whereisthecat?”“Itsunderthebed.”How about the baby? - Ill take care of it.（5）用于上文提到的情况用于上文提到的情况 Hermotherkepttellinghernottogooutatnight,butitdidnthelp.她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去，但是没用。她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去，但是没用。（2）指环境情况等。）指环境情况
3、等。Itwasverynoisy(quiet)attheverymoment.（3）指时间。）指时间。Whattimeisit?Itseightoclock.（4）指季节。）指季节。Itoftenrainsinsummerhere.（5）指距离）指距离。Itisalongwaytotheschool.2、用作非人称代词、用作非人称代词（1）指天气指天气Its raining. 3.用作先行词的用作先行词的itv当当主主语语或或宾宾语语是是动动词词不不定定式式、动动名名词词或或名名词词性性从从句句时时，常常把把以以上上真真正正的的主主语语放放在在句句末末，而而用用it放放在在主主语语或或宾宾语语
4、的的位位置置上上，使使句句子子结结构构更更清清楚楚。这这时时，it叫叫先先行行词词作作形形式式主主语语/形式宾语。形式宾语。 I It t 的的的的 用用用用 法法法法(1).形式主语形式主语v当当主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式、动动名名词词或或名名词词性性从从句句时时，常常把把以以上上真真正正的的主主语语放放在在句句末末，而而用用it放放在在主主语语的的位位置置上上，使使句句子子结结构构更更清清楚楚。这这时，时，it叫形式主语。叫形式主语。ve.g.ItsveryusefultomasterEnglish.vItsnouselearningwithoutthinking.vItworrie
5、dmethatshedidntphone. I It t 的的的的 用用用用 法法法法Itisnoteasytofinishtheworkintwodays.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisapitythatyoudidntreadthebook.（2）.形式宾语形式宾语当宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从当宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用用it放在宾语的位置上，使句子结构更放在宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，清楚。这时，it叫形式宾语。叫形式宾语。e.g.Ifeelitnous
6、ecrying.vIthinkitstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.v注：注：it作形式宾语时，宾语之后一定要有作形式宾语时，宾语之后一定要有宾语补足语。否则，就不能用宾语补足语。否则，就不能用it了。因为了。因为宾语已宾语已经在句末。经在句末。Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.Hemadeitclear（他说 ）thathewasnotinterestedinthatsubject.4.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的it(1)v强调句子的主语强调句子的主语,宾
7、语宾语,表语或状语时，常用：表语或状语时，常用：v“Itis/was+被被强强调调的的部部分分+that连连剩剩余余部部分分”.这这种种句句型型不不能能强强调调谓谓语语动动词词。如如果果强强调调的的部分是人，可用部分是人，可用who/whom代替代替that。ve.g.Heisondutytodayinthefactory.vvItishethat/whoisondutytodayvItsondutythatheistodayvItstodaythatheisondutyinvItsinthefactorythatheis4.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的it(2)v注注1：-句中的句中的t
8、hat不能用不能用where/when代替。代替。v注注2：强调句型中的谓语只能有两种：强调句型中的谓语只能有两种：was/is.v注注3：强强调调主主语语时时，谓谓语语应应与与主主语语的的人人称称和和数数保保持持一一致。致。ve.g.ItisIthatamastudent.v(不能用不能用is/was/are/were)vItwasTomandhissisterthatwerepraised.v注注4：notuntil句句型型用用在在强强调调句句型型中中，主主句句不不再再倒倒装了。装了。ve.g.Itwasnotuntil9oclockthatIwenttobed.4.用在强调句型中的用在强
9、调句型中的it(3)v注注5：要要检检查查强强调调句句型型与与其其它它句句型型的的区区别别就就是是去去掉掉“its/wasthat”,在在将将句句子子还还原原，不不多多一一个个词词不不少少一一个个词词，句句子子结结构构完完整整，就就是是强强调调句句，否否则则是是其其它它句型。句型。ve.g.ItwaslastnightthatIsawthefilm.(强强)Itwasreportedthatthesebookssellwell.(主从主从)vItisintheplacethatIwasborn.（强）（强）ve.g.ItistheplacewhereIwasborn.（定从）（定从）=Itis
10、theplacethatIwasbornin.4.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的it(4)v注注6：在在特特殊殊疑疑问问句句中中，只只能能强强调调特特殊殊疑疑问问词词。其其结结构构为为：“疑疑问问词词+强强调调句句型型的的一一般般疑疑问问句句？”v即：即：“wh-+is/wasitthat连剩余部分？连剩余部分？”ve.g.Wherewereyouborn?vWherewasitthatyouwereborn?vWhereisitthatwellleave?5. 用在固定结构中的itve.g.Takeiteasy.Takeitforgranted.Believeitornot.ve.g.“h
11、ello!Whoisthat(speaking)?”“Thisisjohn/I(speaking).不能用不能用it代代this I It t 的的的的 用用用用 法法法法区区别：替代词：替代词one, ones, that, those, it, this, that1)one, ones, that, thoseThat替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；one只替换单数的可数名词。只替换单数的可数名词。The vase on the left is more beautiful than the one on the right.The coffee produc
12、ed in Brazil is more famous than that in Mexico.That只用于替换表示事物的名词，只用于替换表示事物的名词， 而而one/ones替换表示人和表示替换表示人和表示事物的名词皆可。事物的名词皆可。His younger sister is taller than the elder one.I need the plastic bags, not the paper ones.The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while those in their school a
13、rent.The football players on our team seem to be more energetic than those on your team.That/ those一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；one/ones用于替换有用于替换有不定冠词的名词。不定冠词的名词。The style of the building is similar to that of a temple.A CD player made in Japan costs more than one made in Hong Kong.That/ those一般不带前置定
14、语，但必须有后置定语。一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。One/ones都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的of短语或当替换词被短语或当替换词被所有格修饰时，不用所有格修饰时，不用one/ones而用而用that of/those of.I like the vase better than the one / that in another shop.The windows of your flat are cleaner than those of mine.A grandparents job is easier than that of a paren
15、t.2) it, this 和和 that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于it不如其余不如其余两者那么强调。两者那么强调。 So she decided to paint the door pink. It upset the neighbours a bit. So she decided to paint the house pink. That really upset the neighbours, as you can imagine. 当前面提到的事物不止一件时，当前面提到的事物不止一件时， it通常指最先提到的事物，而通常指
16、最先提到的事物，而This/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. It is mainly used by the children. (指指 the machine)We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. This/That is mainly used by the children. (指指the spare room)This可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而that则指上文所提到的则指上文所
17、提到的事物。事物。Listen to this! We will have three days off. “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Who said that?3) It和和oneIt用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个和它替换的是同一个事物，事物，it前无修饰语；而前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，但并不完全一样的事物，因此，one之前或之后一定有修饰语之前或之后一定有修饰语来加以区别。来加以区别。I bought a di
18、ctionary three years ago and I am still using it now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new one soon.I. Discuss the following sentences and tell the function of “ it ”: 1. Its difficult to remember all their names. 2. Its very quiet in the caf. 3. It rained for three days
19、. 4. He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me . 5. It was nice to meeting you. 6. It was on Tuesday that Smith came. 7. Its three miles from here to the nearest garage. 8. A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain Lawrie. 9. I hear you bought a new bike .Can you show it to me ? 1
20、0. It was five a clock when we got back home yesterday. 11. It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept. 12. It was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared. 13. It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.6.Exercises精典名题导解精典名题导解选择填空选择填空1._isafactthatEn
21、glishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It解析：答案为解析：答案为D。本题考查作形式主语的本题考查作形式主语的用法。用法。that引导的从句是真正的主语。为避引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将it置于句首置于句首作形式主语。作形式主语。2.Ihopethereareenoughglasseforeachguesttohave_.(NMET1995)A.itB.thoseC.themD.one解析：答案为解析：答案为D。本题考查替代
22、词。本题考查替代词it和和one的区别。的区别。it用于替代同类的、特定的、用于替代同类的、特定的、同一的事物；同一的事物；one替代同类的、泛指的人替代同类的、泛指的人或物。根据题意或物。根据题意“我希望有足够的杯子使我希望有足够的杯子使每个客人有一个。每个客人有一个。”可知应用可知应用one泛指泛指enoughglasses中的一中的一个。个。3.Was_thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself解析：答案为解析：答案为A。本题考查强调句型的疑。本题考查强调句型的疑问式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答问
23、式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答案。案。4.（2005安徽29)It was 5 oclock _he went back.A. when B. that C. before D. since5.I have always been honest and straightforward,And it doesnt matter_Im talking to.A.who is it B. who it isC. it is who D. it is whom6.It wont be long _ he comes to our help. A. before B.since C. after
24、D. when7.( 05上海38）_in the regulation that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A. What is required B. what requires C. It is required D. It requires返回目录考点预测 1. Do you see those three girls? I know _ in the middle. A.one B.a one C.this one D.the one 【解析】根据“three girls”
25、这一语境的限定，中间的那个女孩当然为特指，故用the one（相当于the girl）。选项C中的this与前句中的those不一致。D 【答案】代 词返回目录考点预测 2. As a student, we do need a lot of exercises to make the text knowledge _. A.to be ours B.our own C.of our own D.ours own代 词 【解析】动词make可接名词作宾补，表示“使（宾语）成为”。如：Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.试题中
26、的“our own”即“our own knowledge”，是动词make后的宾补，该部分意思为“使课本知识成为自己的知识”。 【答案】B返回目录考点预测 3. In the time _ takes to drink a cup of coffee, customers can get a pair of special-made shoes in this store. A.it B.one C.that D.when代 词 【解解析析】本本句句为为“It It takes takes time time to to do do sth.”sth.”句句型型，it it takes ta
27、kes to to drink drink a a cup cup of of coffeecoffee为为定定语语从从句句，修修饰饰the the time,time,定定语语从从句句中中省省略略了了作作宾宾语语的的关关系系代代词词thatthat。如如用用oneone，则则与与句句子子的的主主语语the the customerscustomers在人称上不一致。在人称上不一致。 【答案】A返回目录 4. Come as quickly as you can, Jack. Sure,_ wont be long. A.I B. you C. that D. it 考点预测代 词 【解析解析
28、】“I wont be long.”“I wont be long.”为一固定说法，表示为一固定说法，表示“我我很快就来（完）了很快就来（完）了” ” 。以人作主语，形容词。以人作主语，形容词longlong作表语的这作表语的这种用法又如：种用法又如： Will you be long? Will you be long? 你要花很久的时间吗？你要花很久的时间吗？ Dont be long about it.Dont be long about it.别慢吞吞的。关于选项别慢吞吞的。关于选项D D，it it虽然可虽然可表时间，但不合本句的语境表时间，但不合本句的语境。 【答案】A返回目录 5
29、. Some students like to be told about American culture but are less interested in spending the time and the effort to actually experience _. A.one B.it C.those D.them考点预测代 词 【解解析析】 it it 在在句句中中作作动动词词experienceexperience的的宾宾语语，代代替替上上文文提提到到的的American American cultureculture。it it和和oneone都都可可以以代代替替前前面面
30、提提到到的的某某个个名名词词。it it所所代代替替的的是是前前面面提提到到的的特特指指的的事事物物；而而oneone所所代代替替的的是是前面提到的同类事物前面提到的同类事物, ,但不是同一个事物。但不是同一个事物。 【答案】B返回目录 6. Mr.Smiths love for us students is like _ for a son or a daughter. That is why we all respect and love him. A.that B.it C.which D.those 考点预测代 词 【解析解析】 that可以作为替代词，代替前面的某个名词以避免措词重复
31、，这可以作为替代词，代替前面的某个名词以避免措词重复，这种替代词种替代词that代替的是代替的是“the+单数名词单数名词”，句中的，句中的that即即“thelove”。相应。相应地，替代词地，替代词those代替代替“the+复数名词复数名词”。另有一对替代词：。另有一对替代词：one和和ones,one代替的是代替的是“a+单数名词单数名词”；ones代替代替“泛指的复数名词泛指的复数名词”。如：。如：Theengineofyourcarisbetterthanthatofmine.(that=theengine)Thebookisdifferentfromthosewehaveread
32、before.(those=thebooks)Imlookingforahouse.Idreallylikeonewithagarden.(one=ahouse)Therewereafewyoungpeoplewithsomeolderonesinthehouse.(ones=people) 【答案】A返回目录B 【答案】 7. Among _ are some foreigners who attend Chinese classes at our college. A.we students B.us students C.students of us D.us of students 【
33、解析】句中us是作介词among的宾语，students为宾语us的同位语。当然，这类表达位于主语部分时，则用人称代词的主格形式。如：We students should learn how to learn.考点预测代 词返回目录C 【答案】考点预测代 词8. There are a few shops at the end of the street but _ of them sell newspapers. A.neither B.either C.none D.no one 【解析】 none表示“三者以上的人或事物中没有一个”，这与前面的a few相呼应。no one表人，且一般不
34、接of短语。返回目录D 【答案】考点预测代 词9. Can you phone John for me? Why cant you phone _? A.himself yourself B.yourself him C.yourself himself D.him yourself 【解解析析】 himhim为为动动词词phonephone的的宾宾语语；yourselfyourself为为反反身身代代词词作作主主语语同同位位语语，表表示示“主主语语本本人人自自己己做做某某事事”。反反身身代代词词常常见见的的一一个个用用法法是是在在句句中中作作主主语语同同位位语语，其其位位置置可可在在主主语语后后面面，也也可可在句子后面。如：在句子后面。如：He did it himself.He did it himself.（=He himself did it.=He himself did it.）返回目录考点预测代 词 10. I had no idea which was better, so I took _ of them. A.all B.any C.every D.both 【解析】根据“better”一词，可确定数量上是两个，故用both。every在数量上指三个或三个以上，并且在句中只作定语，不作主语和宾语。 D 【答案】
