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1、Gas LawsAP Physics BThe Periodic TableAll of the elements on the periodic table are referred to in terms of their atomic mass. The symbol u is denoted as an atomic mass unit.Atomic # - # of protons OR electronsAtomic Mass - # of protons + Neutrons1 amu = 1.66 x 10-27 kgThe MoleThe word “mole” is der
2、ived from Latin to mean “heap” or “pile”. It is basically a chemical counting unit. Below, what we have is called the Mole Road Map and it summarizes what a mole equals.1 MOLEAtomic Mass from P.TAvogadros # = 6.02 x 1023 Particles22.4 Liters gas STPSTP = Standard Temperature and PressureST = 0 degre
3、es Celsius or 273 KelvinSP = atmospheric pressureExampleA flexible container of Oxygen(O2) has a volume of 10.0 m3 at STP. Find the # moles and molecules that exist in the container14,285.71 moles8.51x1029 particlesFactors that effect a GAS1.The quantity of a gas, n, in moles2.The temperature of a g
4、as, T, in Kelvin (Celsius degrees + 273)3.The pressure of a gas, P, in pascals4.The volume of a gas, V, in cubic metersGas Law #1 Boyles Law(complete TREE MAP)“The pressure of a gas is inverse related to the volume”nMoles and Temperature are constantGas Law #2 Charles Law“The volume of a gas is dire
5、ctly related to the temperature”nPressure and Moles are constantGas Law #3 Gay-Lussacs Law“The pressure of a gas is directly related to the temperature”nMoles and Volume are constantGas Law #4 Avogadros Law“The volume of a gas is directly related to the # of moles of a gas”nPressure and Temperature
6、are constantGas Law #5 The Combined Gas LawYou basically take Boyles Charles and Gay-Lussacs Law and combine them together.nMoles are constantExamplePure helium gas is admitted into a leak proof cylinder containing a movable piston. The initial volume, pressure, and temperature of the gas are 15 L,
7、2.0 atm, and 300 K. If the volume is decreased to 12 L and the pressure increased to 3.5 atm, find the final temperature of the gas.420 KGas Law #6 The IDEAL Gas LawAll factors contribute! In the previous examples, the constant, k, represented a specific factor(s) that were constant. That is NOT the
8、 case here, so we need a NEW constant. This is called, R, the universal gas constant.ExampleA helium party balloon, assumed to be a perfect sphere, has a radius of 18.0 cm. At room temperature, (20 C), its internal pressure is 1.05 atm. Find the number of moles of helium in the balloon and the mass of helium needed to inflate the balloon to these values.0.0244 m3293 K1.05x105 Pa1.052 moles
