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1、虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气the Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等DefinitionSubjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）虚拟语气）虚拟语气虚拟语气Types过去式过去式(did/were)过去完成时过去完成时had donewould/could/should/might +V. (原原)would/could/should/might +have done1.过去式过去式2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/
2、could/should/might +V. (原原)1. If 型型例句例句1. If I were you, I would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)2.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)3. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)If型特例型特例1：混杂条件句：混杂条
3、件句（错综时间虚拟语气）（错综时间虚拟语气）定义：定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.与过去相反与过去相反与现在相反与现在相反If型特例型特例2：省略：省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句：用法：用法：从句中有were,had或should时，省略if，而把它们放在句首，构成倒装句。3.Ifyouhadnothelpedme，Ishouldhavefailed.2.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn
4、otdothat.WereIyou,Iwouldnotdothat.Shouldhefailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.三个建议三个建议四个要求四个要求insistorder, commandadvise, suggest, proposedemand, require, request, ask2.Should +v（原）型（原）型两个命令两个命令一个坚持一个坚持1.在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的词有：句
5、中。这种用法的词有：TIPST. or F. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式时，用虚拟形式，即即 （should ）+ do;Insist 表示表示“坚持认为，
6、坚持说坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气时，用陈述语气，表示事实。表示事实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。FTFT虚拟语气虚拟语气 用于表语、同位语、主语从句用于表语、同位语、主语从句在在suggestion / proposal / order / / advice / request /demand 等名词等名词后的表语和同位语从句中后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用 “should动词原形动词原形” should可以省略可以省略2. It is suggested/ordere
7、d /requested /proposed /demanded that从句从句从句从句中的中的 谓语谓语 动动 词词用用should+动词动词原形原形，should 可以可以省略省略类似用法的词有类似用法的词有： important,necessary，eager,essensial,vital,strange，natural，desired，apity,ashame,nowonder,.Wish / As if (though)3.类似类似 if 型型虚拟语气虚拟语气Would rather/ If only But for +n/ Without +n Its (high) time
8、+thatWish/As if / （though）+从句从句现在现在: 过去时（过去时（were/did）过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时(had done)未来未来: would/could/might +V.(原原)should类似类似 if 型（型（1）例句1.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.2.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.3.Hewishedhehadntdoneit.4.Hetreatsthelittlegirlasifshewerehisowndaughter.他想要是他没这样做该多好。would rather thatif o
9、nly+从句从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.类似类似 if 型（型（2）Its (high) time +that过去时过去时(were/did)Should(不省不省) +V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.我们该去我们
10、该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 类似类似 if 型（型（3）类似类似 if 型（型（4）虚拟语气虚拟语气butfor+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise(否则)，inthatcase，一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）, 其其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。+句子句子would/could/should/might +V. (原原)would/could/should/might +have done现
11、在现在/将来将来过去过去Subjective moodIf 型型Should +v型型类似类似if型型。混杂条件句混杂条件句(各自为准各自为准)Were, had ,should提前，省略提前，省略if1. 一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。2. It is（necessary，strange）+that1.wish/as if 2.Would rather/ if only3.It is (high) time that4.But for/otherwise/ without/in that case1.过去式过去式2.过去完成过去完成3.co
12、uld、would、might +v1.过去式过去式2.过去完成过去完成Should（不省）（不省） +v/过去式过去式1.Would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+have doneinsistsuggest虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missedExercisesA2.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shou
13、ldlistenD.wouldlistenB3.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsellA4.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgoneB5.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldgetC6.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.
14、A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.beenA7.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelentB8.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.hadD9.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgoB10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenC
