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1、综合英语教程综合英语教程Unit5Book4Unit5ThePowerofaGoodNameReadingandLanguageActivitiesVictorShanVictorShanPartIIFast-readingquestionsWarming-updiscussionDetailed-readingquestionsStructure&MainideaReading and Language ActivitiesTextDiscussthefollowingquestions.1.How important is a good reputation? Work with your
2、 partner to think of at least three cases in which the power of a good name is demonstrated.2.Have you ever done something which subsequently stained your reputation? Or have you seen or heard of similar examples?3.How can one earn a good reputation?4.How can one maintain a good reputation? Warming-
3、updiscussionHowtoearnagoodreputationSuggestedpointsa.keeponespromiseb.behonestandtruthfulc.befaithfultoyourworkandthepeopleinyourlifed.pursueahighqualityofworkandtrytodevelopasenseofprofessionalisme.keepyourmindopentosuggestions,ideasandevencriticismsfromothersf.bepoliteandgracefulinmanaginginter-pe
4、rsonalrelationshipsg.keepalovingspiritforthepeopleinyourlifeh.besympathetictowardsthosewhoareunderprivilegedi.maintainyourdignityinthefaceofauthorityj.bemodestHowtomaintainagoodreputationSuggestedpointsa.beempatheticbyputtingoneselfinsomeoneelsesshoesb.beawareofdetailsofworkandeverydaylifec.bepersis
5、tentinworkevenwhenconfrontedwithdifficultiesd.behonestandbraveenoughtoadmityourincompetencewhenyoucannotdowhatisexpectede.keepmottoestowarnoneselfofselfishness,greediness,andotherevilsf.keeprolemodelsinmind,especiallywhenyouaretemptedbyunduedesiresText:ThePowerofaGoofNamebyArmstrongWilliamsOnesummer
6、daymyfathersentmetobuywireandfencingforourfarminMarionCounty,SouthCarolina.At16,IlikednothingbetterthangettingbehindthewheelofourChevypickup,butthistimetherewasadamperonmyspirits.MyfatherhadtoldmeIdhavetoaskforcreditatthestore.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameSixteenisapridefulage,whenayoungmanwantsrespect,n
7、otcharity.Itwas1976,andtheuglyshadowofracismwasstillafactoflife.Idseenmyfriendsaskforcreditandthenstand,headdown,whileapatronizingstoreownerquestionedwhethertheyweregoodforit.Iknewblackyouthsjustlikemewhowerewatchedlikethievesbythestoreclerkeachtimetheywentintoagrocery.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameMyfami
8、lywashonest.Wepaidourdebts.Butbeforeharvest,cashwasshort.Wouldthestoreownertrustus?AtDavisBrothersGeneralStore,BuckDavisstoodbehindtheregister,talkingtoamiddle-agedfarmer.Buckwasatall,weatheredmaninaredhuntingshirtandkhakipants,andInoddedasIpassedhimonmywaytothehardwareaisle.WhenIbroughtmypurchasest
9、otheregister,Isaidcarefully,Ineedtoputthisoncredit.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameThefarmergavemeanamused,cynicallook.ButBucksfacedidntchange.Sure,hesaideasily.Yourdaddyisalwaysgoodforit.Heturnedtotheotherman.ThishereisoneofJamesWilliamsssons.Thefarmernoddedinaneighborlyway.Iwasfilledwithpride.JamesWilliam
10、ssson.Thosethreewordshadopenedadoortoanadultsrespectandtrust.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameThatdayIdiscoveredthatagoodnamecouldbestowacapitalofgoodwillofimmensevalue.Thegoodnamemyfatherandmotherhadearnedbroughtourwholefamilytherespectofourneighbors.EveryoneknewwhattoexpectfromaWilliams:adecentpersonwhokep
11、thiswordandrespectedhimselftoomuchtodowrong.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameWechildren-eightbrothersandtwosisterscouldenjoythatgoodname,unearned,unlessanduntilwedidsomethingtoloseit.Compromisingitwouldhurtnotonlythetransgressorbutalsothosewelovedandthosewholovedus.Wehadastakeinoneanother-andinourselves.Agoo
12、dname,andtheresponsibilitythatcamewithit,forceduschildrentobebetterthanweotherwisemightbe.Wewantedtobethoughtofasgoodpeople,andbyactinglikegoodpeopleforlongenough,webecameprettydecentcitizens.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameThedesiretokeeptherespectofagoodnamepropelledmetobecomethefirstinourfamilytogotouniv
13、ersity.Eventually,itgavemetheinitiativetostartmyownsuccessfulpublicrelationsfirminWashington,D.C.IthoughtaboutthepowerofagoodnamewhenIheardGeneralColinPowellsaythatAmericaneedstorestoreasenseofshameinitsneighborhoods.Hesright.Ifprideinagoodnamekeepsfamiliesandneighborhoodsstraight,asenseofshameisthe
14、reversesideofthatcoin.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameDoingdrugs,abusingalcohol,stealing,gettingayoungwomanpregnantoutofwedlock-today,noneofthesebehaviorsisthedeepembarrassmentitshouldbe.NearlyoneoutofthreebirthsinAmericaistoanunwedmother.Manyofthesechildrenwillgrowupwithoutthesecurityandguidanceofacaringfa
15、therandmothercommittedtoeachother.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameOncethesocialtiesandmutualobligationsofthefamilydisintegrate,communitiesfallapart.Politiciansmayboastthatcrimeisfalling,butwhilethepopulationhasincreasedonly40percentsince1960,violentcrimeinAmericahasincreasedastaggering550percent-andwevebeco
16、meusedtoit.Teendrugabuseisrisingagain.Noneighborhoodisimmune.InoneNorthCarolinacounty,policearrested73studentsfrom12secondaryschoolsfordealingdrugs,someofthemrightintheclassroom.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameCulturalinfluencessuchastelevisionandmoviesportraymostlyaworldinwhichrespectgoestothemostviolent.L
17、ifeisconsideredcheap.Meanwhile,thesmallsignsofcivilityandrespectthatsustaincivilizationarevanishingfromschools,storesandstreets.Phraseslikeyes,madam,no,sir,thankyouandpleaseshowself-respectandrespectforothers.Yet,encouragedbythepervasiveprofanityontelevisionandinmusic,kidsdontthinktwiceaboutaggressi
18、veandvulgarlanguage.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameManyoftodayskidshavefailedbecausetheirsenseofshamehasfailed.Theywerebornintofamilieswithpoorreputations,notcaringaboutkeepingagoodname.Today,whenImbackhome,Ireceiverespectbecauseofthegoodnamepassedonasmyfatherspatrimonyandupheldtothisdaybymeandmysiblings.P
19、eoplelikeBuckDaviscametoknowofmysuccessintheworld.Butitwasmyfamilysgoodnamethatpavedtheway.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameKeepingagoodnameisrewardednotonlybyoutsidersesteembutwhenthosewhoknowyoubestputtheirconfidenceinyou.InthelastmonthsofhislifeDaddy,typically,worriedmoreaboutmymotherthanabouthisillness.H
20、ewantedtospareherthegriefofwatchinghimdieathome.Sohecametome.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameBythenIwaslivingandworkinginWashington,D.C.WhenDaddyarrivedfromSouthCarolina,Ihadhimadmittedtoanearbyhospital.Fortwomonths,Ispenteverydaysittingbyhisbedside.Bothofusknewhehadlittletimeleft.Whenhewasnotintoomuchpaint
21、otalk,hewouldaskaboutthefamily.Hewantedtobesurehehadmethisresponsibilitiesinthisworld.Onthelastday,Iwastherewithhimashepassedaway.Text:ThePowerofaGoofNameMydaddyhadneverbeenrichorpowerful.Butinhisdying,hegavemealastgift:hisfaiththatIwasthemanhehadwantedmetobe.Bytrustingmetocareforhimatthemomentofhis
22、passing,heshowednotonlyhislove,buthisprideandconfidenceinme.Afterall,IwasJamesWilliamssson-aWilliamsofMarion,SouthCarolinaandaWilliamswoulddoright.Discussthefollowingquestions.1.What did the father ask the boy to do?2.Did the boy have any trouble at the store? What happened?3.How did the boy feel ab
23、out the trust he got from the store owner?4.What did the boy discover after this experience?5.What was the value of a good name his parents had earned?6.What was the childrens responsibility in relation to the good name of the family?Fast-readingquestionsFast-readingquestions1. What did the father a
24、sk the boy to do?To buy wire and fencing on credit at the store.Fast-readingquestions2. Did the boy have any trouble at the store? What happened?No, the owner agreed to put him on credit without hesitation. Fast-readingquestions3. How did the boy feel about the trust he got from the store owner?This
25、 made him feel very proud of his father and his familys good reputation.Fast-readingquestions4. What did the boy discover after this experience?A good name could bestow a capital of good will of immense value.Fast-readingquestions5. What was the value of a good name his parents had earned?The good n
26、ame brought his whole family the respect of his neighbors.Fast-readingquestions6. What was the childrens responsibility in relation to the good name of the family?If any one of the family did something to compromise it, everyone else would be hurt. They had a stake in one another and in ourselves. I
27、t thus forced the children to be better than they otherwise might be.Discussthefollowingquestions.1.Why did the writer say that to ask for credit at the store was a damper on his spirits?2.Why did the store owner trust the writer? 3.What is childrens responsibility in relation to the good name of th
28、eir family?4.How did the family good name help the writer in life?5. What point does the writer want to make in the discussion of the social problems in the U.S.A.?6. What does the writer hope to prove with the description of his fathers last months?Detailed-readingquestions1.Whydidthewritersaythatt
29、oaskforcreditatthestorewasadamperonhisspirits? As a young man of sixteen, he needed respect, not charity. Asking for credit at a store is a humiliating experience like asking for favor and pity from the owner of the store. In addition, racism made the situation worse. Black youths were watched like
30、thieves in the store. 2.Whydidthestoreownertrustthewriter? The store owner agreed to put him on credit without hesitation. He trusted the boys father who always kept his word and never failed to pay back the money he owed. 3.Whatischildrensresponsibilityinrelationtothegoodnameoftheirfamily? Accordin
31、g to the writer, children, while enjoying their familys good name, have the responsibility to maintain it. Compromising it would hurt not only the transgressor, but also those they love and those who love them. 4.Howdidthefamilygoodnamehelpthewriterinlife? First, the good name makes him decide to be
32、come a better person than he otherwise might be and eventually become a decent citizen. Second, the desire to keep the good name propelled him to be the first in his family to go to university. Finally, the good name gave him the initiative to establish himself in the public relations business. 5.Wh
33、atpointdoesthewriterwanttomakeinthediscussionofthesocialproblemsintheU.S.A.? The point the writer wants to make is that many of the social problems today result from the lack of a sense of pride in having good reputation and no sense of shame for bad reputations. Parents who dont care about keeping
34、a good reputation have no sense of shame when they fail to set good examples for their children; nor can they provide children with the kind of security and guidance they need. Consequently, many of these children grow up without a sense of shame either. They worship violence, which is respectfully
35、portrayed on TV and in movies. As families disintegrate, communities fall apart and crimes rise. 6.Whatdoesthewriterhopetoprovewiththedescriptionofhisfatherslastmonths? The writer wants to prove that keeping a good reputation is rewarded not only by outsiders esteem, but also by the trust and confid
36、ence placed in you by those who know you best. TextstructureI (Para. 1-10) The author narrates an unforgettable experience to lead in the topic of good name and its importance. (Para. 1-3) A damper on his spirits (Para. 4-6) The trust they got from the storeowner (Para. 7-10) The value of a good nam
37、e for his lifeII. (Para. 11-22) The Power of a good name and a sense of shame (Para.11-16) Lack of sense of shame in the US society Social problems Rising crime rate Vanishing signs of civility and respect (Para. 17-22) The power of a good name Reward by outsiders esteem Pride and trust from family
38、members Beginning with one of his own experiences, the author discusses the power of his familys good name. Earning and maintaining a good name need to restore a sense of responsibility and shame, which, according to the author, pave the way to ones success in life and career.MainideaArmstrongWillia
39、ms(born February 5, 1959) is an African American political commentator, author of a conservative newspaper column, and host of a daily radio show and a nationally syndicated TV program, called The Right Side with Armstrong Williams. From 2004 to 2007, he co-hosted a daily radio program. He is called
40、 “one of the most recognizable conservative voices in America” by the Washington Post. In 2005 it was revealed that he accepted money from the George W. Bush administration to promote the No Child Left Behind Act on his television and radio programs which is regarded illegal.pickupAlighttruckwithano
41、penbodyandlowsidesandatailboard敞篷小货车Nothingbetterthannothing better than sth. / doing sth.:moste.g.Inmychildhood,Iwasinterestedinnothingbetterthanexperimentingwithmyconstructionmodels.nothing more thanNothingismoreterriblethanignoranceinaction.最可怕的事情莫过于无知而行动。Nothingismorepreciousthanindependenceandf
42、reedom.没有什么比独立和自由更宝贵的了。Nothingisagreatermisfortunethannotbeingabletobearmisfortune.经不起不幸是最大的不幸。behindthewheel(or)atthewheelOperatingthesteeringmechanismofavehicle;driving.Directingorcontrolling;inchargedamperdamper:aperson,orthing,orsituationthatgetspeopledown使人沮丧的人或物Onethatdeadens,restrains,ordepre
43、sses抑制因素;使人麻木、抑制或压抑的人adamperonmyspiritssomethingthatmakesmelowinspirits.(idm)putadamperonsth(infml）：cause(anevent,atmosphere,etc)tobelesscheerful,excited,etc;makesth.lessenjoyable,successful使（事情、气氛等）受到抑制,减弱e.g.BoththekidswereillwhilewewereinBoston,sothatratherputadamperonthings.creditanarrangementfo
44、rdeferredpaymentofaloanorpurchase赊欠askforcredit;oncredit;givecredite.g.Iboughtmystereooncredit.赊购Nocreditisgivenatthisshop,i.e.Paymentmustbeincash.本店概不赊欠.Yourcreditlimitisnow20000.Inthetext,theboyhadtoaskthestoreownertolethimhavethegoodsnowbutpaylater,sincehisfathergavehimnomoney.RacismRacismisthebe
45、liefthatinherentdifferenttraitsinhumanracialgroupsjustifydiscrimination.InthemodernEnglishlanguage,thetermracismisusedpredominantlyasapejorativeepithet.Itisappliedespeciallytothepracticeoradvocacyofracialdiscriminationofaperniciousnature(i.e.whichharmsparticulargroupsofpeople),andwhichisoftenjustifi
46、edbyrecoursetoracialstereotypingorpseudo-science.Racismispopularlyassociatedwithvariousactivitiesthatareillegalorcommonlyconsideredharmful,suchasextremism,hatred,xenophobia,(malignantorforced)exploitation,separatism,racialsupremacy,massmurder(forthepurposeofgenocide),genocidedenial,vigilantism(hatec
47、rimes,terrorism),etc.RacismModernusageoftenequatesracismandracialdiscriminationanddefinesthelattertermonlyasapplyingtoperniciouspractices.A rally against school integration in 1959 theuglyshadowofracismwasstillafactoflifeRacismstillexistsinsocialrealityeventhoughitisdiscardedaspoliticallyincorrect.p
48、atronizingpatronn.asponsororbenefactor:赞助人，资助人e.g.apatronofthearts.艺术事业的赞助者patronizing:disdainful;condescending;haughty神气十足的;傲慢的Ifsomeoneispatronizing,hespeakorbehavetowardyouinawaythatseemsfriendly,butthatshowstheythinktheyaresuperiortoyou.e.g.Thetoneoftheinterviewerwasunnecessarilypatronizing.good
49、foritacolloquialismmeaningbeingtrustworthy.Thestoreowneraskedwhethertheboysfatherwastrustworthyandhadtheabilitytopayhim.begoodfore.g.Bennyisalwaysgoodforalaugh.Theticketisgoodforthreemonths.Mycarisgoodforanotherfiveyears.weatheredworn,stained,orwarpedbyorasifbyexposuretoweather;seasoned:受风雨侵蚀的，饱经风霜的
50、e.g.ahouseofweatheredshingles.受到风雨侵蚀的房子weatheredman:themansfacewaswrinkledbyconstantexposuretotheweatherweather-beatenfaceofanoldsailor一个老水手的饱经风霜的脸.cynicaladj.expressingorexhibitingscornandbittermockery挑剔挖苦的，冷嘲热讽的cynicallaughter冷笑amused,cynicallook调侃、讥讽的眼神bestowbestowacapitalofgoodwillofimmensevalue
51、:agoodnamegivesoneagreatdealofgoodwillofgreatvaluecommittedtoIfyoucommityourselftosomething,yousaythatyouwilldefinitelydoit.Ifyoucommityourselftosomeone,youdecidethatyouwanttohavealong-termrelationshipwithhim.e.g.1)IwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutcommitingthemselvestoworkingSundays.2)Idli
52、keafriendshipthatleadtosomethingdeeper,butIwouldntwanttocommitmyselftoosoon.disintegratefallapart分裂，瓦解ifsomethingdisintegrates,itbecomesseriouslyweakened,andisdividedordestroyed.n.disintegratione.g.TheviolentdisintegrationofYugoslavia.staggeringverysurprisinge.g.astaggeringachievementtransgressvi.越界
53、,侵越;犯法规;犯罪;Youtransgressedagainstthelaw.transgressorn.犯法者;Stakemoney,etcinvestedbysbinanenterprisesothathehasaninterestorshareinit投资;投放的本钱:haveastakeinacompany在一家公司有股份Shehasastakeinthefuturesuccessofthebusiness.她在这项生意上投了资以期将来获利.hadastakeinoneanotherandinourselves:(Iandmysiblings)shareastronginterest
54、ineachotherswell-being.Becauseweknewwehadtheresponsibilitytokeepourfamilysgoodreputation,wechildrenalwaysbehavedourselves.Butforthisgoodname,wemightnothavebehavedaswellaswedid.propelV.drive/push(sth)forward推进,驱动,推（某物）:mechanicallypropelledvehicles机动车辆propelmetobecomethefirst:toforcemetoworkhardtobec
55、omethefirst(universitystudentinmyfamily)initiativen.enterpriseanddetermination.首创reverseback,oppositeinpositione.g.hisopinionwasreverseofmine.asenseofshameisthereversesideofthatcoin:Asenseofshameproducesthesameeffectfromtheoppositedirection.Ifprideinagoodnamekeepsfamiliesandneighborhoodsstraight,ase
56、nseofshameisthereversesideofthatcoin.Justasprideinagoodnameencouragespeopletoactwellathomeandinpublic,iftheyfeelashamedwhentheydosomethingbad,thiswillleadthemtoavoidbadbehavior.restoreasenseofshameinitsneighborhoodsmakepeopleonceagainfeelshamefulwhentheydosomethingwrongorwhentheylieandcheat,etc.keep
57、sfamiliesandneighborhoodstraight(Pride)keepspeopleandneighborhoodshonestandrespectfulofthelaw.GeneralColinPowellformerarmygeneralwhocommandedtheU.S.forcesduringthe1991Gulfwar;USSecretaryofState(2000-2004)USSecretaryofStateColinPowellarrivedinBeijingSundayafternoon,kickingoffhisofficialvisit.abuse1)s
58、peakinginsultinglytoorabout;attackinwordse.g.Dontabuseothers.2)makebadorwronguseofsth.e.g.abuseonesauthority,power,sbshospitality,theconfidenceplacedinone.滥用权威,滥用职权,辜负某人的热情招待,辜负profanityn.Abusive,vulgarlanguage.亵渎/粗俗的语言：dontthinktwiceanidiomaticexpressionwhichmeanstogivenoconsiderationorthoughtbeforeactingorspeakingpavedthewaypavethewayforsb./sth.:a.makesth.easierorpossibleb.makepreparationsforsb.e.g.TherecentagreementhaspavedthewayforalastingpeaceintheMiddleEast.KissengerssecretvisittoBeijingwasreallyasuccess,whichpavedthewayforNixon.个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论
