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1、中考阅读理解解题技巧 周口三中 王坤阅读理解阅读理解 是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。放矢，提高命中率。常考文体与话题文体：记叙文文体：记叙文说明
2、文说明文应用文应用文议论文议论文话题：学习生活话题：学习生活成长经历成长经历人物传记人物传记励志故事励志故事社会文化社会文化风俗习惯风俗习惯广告图表广告图表活动介绍活动介绍 能力要求能力要求1理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义2快速准确获取关键信息快速准确获取关键信息3根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义4作出判断和推理作出判断和推理5理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构6理解作者的意图理解作者的意图观点和态度观点和态度主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型题题型型因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有以下几种: :推
3、推 理理 判判 断断 型型1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining-主旨大意题主旨大意题 All living things on the earth need other living th
4、ings to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a
5、food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears. 第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思：“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其他的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般
6、可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。等。事事实实细细节节型型解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_.4）Accordingt
7、othepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining-事实细节型事实细节型Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achil
8、daged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.解释文章 Passage2 Passag
9、e2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy?
10、The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperatu
11、re of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows different, as the chart shows CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farme
12、r2,600练习题解释第三节【解析】答案为 D D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C C 符合图表内容。文章文章猜测词义题猜测词义题 解题技巧解题技巧： 1、通过因果关系猜测词义；、通过因果关系猜测词义；2、通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词；、通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词； 3、通过构词法猜测词义；、通过构词法猜测词义；4、通过定义或释义说明来推测词义；、通过定义或释义说明来推测词义；5、通过描述猜测词义；、通过描述猜测词义；6、用知识和生活经验猜测词义；、用
13、知识和生活经验猜测词义；7、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。 阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining-词义猜测型词义猜测型Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinaddit
14、iontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewi-vesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的应得的，值得的).解 释第四节推理判断题推理判断题：中考重头戏，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观
15、点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_.2.Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?3.What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?4.The passage is intended to _.5.Where would this passage most probably appear? 阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining-推理判断
16、型推理判断型1.Why did Tommys parents send him to a catholic school?A.Because he could eat well there. B.Because he could learn more about nuns. C.Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math. D.Because his parents didnt want him to learn math any more. 2.Tommys mother felt surprised that his so
17、n _. A.was still the same as usual B.ate so much at dinnerC.kissed her hello after school D.worked hard but said little3.“Hitting the books” means “_” in Chinese. A.用功 B.捶书 C.发泄 D.振作4.The last sentence in the passage shows that _. A.Tommy felt sorry for the mail B.Tommy was afraid of being nailedC.T
18、ommy didnt like the plus sign D.Tommy liked playing jokes on others5.From the passage, we can infer (推断) that _. A.teachers should be strict with their studentsB.mistaking (误解) might do good sometimesC.a catholic school is much better than other onesD.nuns are good at helping children with their mat
19、hLittle Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents had tried everythingtutors (家庭教师), cards, special learning centersin short, everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic (天主教的) school. After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face. H
20、e didnt kiss his mother hello. Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, w
21、ithout a word. In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening. Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books.
22、His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math. She could no longer hold her curiosity (好奇心). She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns (修女)?”Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No. ”“Well then,” she asked again. “WHAT was it?”Little Tomm
23、y looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they werent joking. ” *Pay attention to the usage of the Cleft Sentence and Non-Predicate Verbs. * Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.Conclusion:Thank You!Thank You!
