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1、英语句子成分和英语英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子结构讲解及练习v简单句的五个基本句型v主语不及物动词Shecame.v主语及物动词宾语ShelikesEnglish.v主语系动词主语补语vSheishappyv主语动词间接宾语直接宾语vShegaveJohnabookvSheboughtabookforme.v主语动词宾语宾语补语vShemakeshermotherangryvTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.v（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.1.主语（主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrise
2、sintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancomi
3、nghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.谓语谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercom
4、es.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表语（表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Youdontlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）T
5、hepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）（听起来）,look（看起来）（看起来）,feel(摸起来，摸起来，smell（闻起来）（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）（感觉）Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlo
6、oksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.(三三)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.宾语：宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在
7、及物动词或者介词之后。者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：如：IlikeChina.（名词）（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数（数词）词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从（宾语从句）句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语）双
8、宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoneyv(四四)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语vMybrotherhasntdonehishomework.vPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.vYoumustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.vHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?vSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howabouty
9、ou?vhishomeworkEnglishyourpronunciationnewwordstogoswimmingv5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。vWeelectedhimmonitor.（名词）（名词）vWeallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.（名词）（名词）vWewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）（形容词）vWefoundnobodyin.(副词副词)vPleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）（介词短语）Dontlethimdothat.（省（省to不定式）不定式）v
10、Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带（带to不定式）不定式）vDontkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）（现在分词）vIllhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）（过去分词）v(五五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语vShelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.vHeaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.vShefounditdifficulttodothework.vTheycallme
11、Lilysometimes.vIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.vDidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?vtoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-roomtotaketheboyoutofschoolvLilygetonthebusplayingfootballontheplaygroundv划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语vPleasetellusastory.vMyfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.vMr.Liisgoingtoteachushis
12、torynextterm.vHereisapen.GiveittoTom.vDidheleaveanymessageforme?v6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。vYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）（名词）vHeisourfriend.（代词）（代词）vWebelongtothethirdworld.（数词）（数词）vHewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形（形容词）容词）vThemanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词副词)vThewomanwith
13、ababyinherarmsismysister.(介介词词)vTheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）（现在分词）vThetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）（过去分词）vIhaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）（不定式）vYoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）（定语从句）v(六六)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语vTheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.vWhatisyourgivenname?vOnthethirdlapa
14、reClass1andClass3.vIamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.vThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.vfamilygiventhirdsomedownstairsv7.状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）（以下例句按上述顺序排列）vIwillgotheretomorrow.vThemeetingwillbeheldinthemeeti
15、ngroom.vThemeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.vHestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.vHedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.vIlikesomeofyouverymuch.vIfyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.vHegoestoschoolbybike.vThoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.v(七七)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语vTherewasabigsmileonherface.vEverynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.vHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.vThemanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.vWiththemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.vonthefaceEverynightwhenhewaselevenfastoff
