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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等怀疑等( (在条件从句中在条件从句中) )；二是表示；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等等 ( (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句语从句) )。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念if if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句一、在在ifif条件从句中条件从句中 ( (叫虚拟条件句叫虚拟条件句) )，表示与事实相表示与事实相反的条件。反的条件。虚
2、拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在ifif非真实条件句中非真实条件句中从句从句主句主句与现在与现在事实相反事实相反If+If+主语主语+ +动词过去式（动词过去式（bebe动动词用词用werewere）主语主语+Would / could / +Would / could / might /should +might /should +动词原形动词原形与过去与过去事实相反事实相反If+If+主语主语+ +动词过去完成式动词过去完成式主语主语+Would/could /might +Would/could /might /should + have+/should + have+过去分词过去分词 与将来与
3、将来事实相反事实相反if+if+主语主语+ +动词过去式动词过去式 if+if+主语主语+were to+were to+动动原原if+if+主语主语+should+should+动动原原主语主语+Would / could / +Would / could / might /should +might /should +动词原形动词原形虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你的话，我会马上走。( (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) )2.Ifyouhadcomeafewmin
4、utesearlier,youwouldhavemethim. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 ( (与过去事实相反与过去事实相反) )3.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 ( (与将来事实可能相反与将来事实可能相反) )虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在if非真实条件句中非真实条件句中如果虚拟语气从句中用如果虚拟语气从句中用should+动词原形的话，动词原形的话，主句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示主句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示防备，以防万一等含义防备
5、，以防万一等含义.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,dontwaitforme.万一明天下雨，不要等我了万一明天下雨，不要等我了.IfTomshouldbleedagain,callme.万一万一Tom又流血了，又流血了，打电话给我打电话给我.当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整式应当做相应的调整1)if you had followed my advice yesterday, you would be better now.2)If the doctor had come sooner las
6、t night, Tom would be alive now. 3)If he had taken the medicine yesterday, he would be fine now.(从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反)在在if非真实条件句中非真实条件句中 混合型的虚拟语气混合型的虚拟语气倒装的倒装的If If虚拟句虚拟句如果如果if 从句中有从句中有were, should 或者或者had ，可以可以省略省略if,而把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装。而把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装。1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwoul
7、dhavemethim.2.2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.3.Ifitshouldrain,Iwouldstayathome.=Hadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Wereitsunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.=Shoulditrain,Iwouldstayathome.IfIf条件句中虚拟语气中的条件句中虚拟语气中的倒装结构倒装结构如果条件句为否定句，如果条件句为否定句，not应该放在主语后不应该放在主语后不能与能与were,had(助动词助动
8、词),和和should连写放在句首连写放在句首. If I were not busy, I would go with you.=WereInotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句含蓄条件句的虚拟语气含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有些句子中，没有表示虚拟语气的词，但是根据前后句意，有些句子中，没有表示虚拟语气的词，但是根据前后句意，要使用虚拟语气。要使用虚拟语气。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidnttryyourbest.Fiveminutesearlierandyoucouldhavemetheratthestation.Givenmore
9、time,hecouldhavedoneitbetter.Ishouldhavevisitedyouyesterday,butIwasbusy.Thetreedied,Ishouldhavewateredit.Everythingtakenintoconsideration(=ifeverythinghadbeentakenintoconsideration),theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.副词如副词如or,otherwise, ,介词如介词如 with,without,butfor(要不是要不是)等等也可以引起虚拟语气。例如：也可以引起虚拟语气。
10、例如：Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwould have knownnothingaboutit.Shewasntfeelingwell.Otherwise/orshewould not haveleftsoearly.Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswould have fallenintothesea.Withoutyourhelp,Iwould have failed.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnt have finishedthework. With better equipment
11、, we could have done it better.要是有好的设备，我们本可以本可以做的更好。Without your help, I couldnt have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助，我不可能不可能成功的。But for the storm, we could have arrived earlier.要不是这场暴风雨，我们本可以本可以早点到的。Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,I
12、wouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.从句接should+动原的虚拟1)动词动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气, ,以以(should)+v原原的形式现。的形式现。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailor
13、s(should)getdowntoworkatonce.2)Itis/wassuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以 (should)+v原原. .的形式出现。的形式出现。E.g.ItsorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.Itsrequestedthatallthestudents(should)wear
14、schooluniformsatschool.注意：注意：以上这些动词的以上这些动词的名词形式名词形式后面的后面的表语从句表语从句和和同位语同位语从句从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should) + v(should) + v原原. . 的形式的形式出现。出现。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime注意注意: :当当suggest表示表示“暗示暗示”;”;insist表表示示“坚
15、持认为坚持认为”时不用虚拟！时不用虚拟！HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecisionHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeopleshealth.3)Itis/wasnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟从句中的动词要用虚拟, ,即（即（shouldshould）+ +动词原形动词原形Itisimportant
16、thatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.wishwish引导的虚拟句引导的虚拟句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天
17、不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlyasif/thoughdid/were现在现在haddone过去过去could/might/woulddo将来将来Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates. If only 要是就好了要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!
18、要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了要是我没错过火车就好了. .Its(about/high)time+that-过去时should +V.你该走了。Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed
19、.Wouldratherthat现在现在/未来未来：过去：过去：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow. Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时Intend, hope, want, plan, mean 等的过去完成时等的过去完成时态或过去时态或动词用过去式态或过去时态或动词用过去式不定式用完成时不定式用完成时态时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气态时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气. .He had hoped for a better job, but he didnt
20、get it.I had meant to go on Sunday but have stayed on.I intended to have helped him, but I was very busy at that time.考点链接考点链接1.fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006 湖北湖北) A would you be B should you be C could you be D might you be 2.-Dont you think it nec
21、essary that he _to Miami but to New York.-I agree. but the problem is _he has refused to.(2005,江苏江苏)A will not be sent; that B not be sent ; that C should not be sent; what D should not send; whatBB3.-DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?-_,Ifeelabitcold.(2004广东广东)A.OfcoursenotB.IdratheryoudidntC.GoaheadD.Whyn
22、ot4.Hepaidaseat,whenhe_haveenteredfree.(2005山东山东)A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.needBA虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.2. A. would have missed B. had missed3. C. would miss D. missed4.2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport.5. A. had met B. met6. C. would meet D. would ha
23、ve metMore ExercisesAD虚拟语气虚拟语气3. If only I _ to my parents! But I didnt. A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气虚
24、拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. beenCA虚拟语气虚拟语气8.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.
25、had9.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDBC虚虚拟拟1.Jackfellofftheladderyesterday,butfortunatelyhefelloffonthesoftgrass.Whataluckydog!He_(本来可能本来可能伤伤害害)himselfbadly.2.Whatapity!Imi
26、ssedthelastconcertoftheyear.Oh,notatall.Itwassoterrible.infact,Iwouldrather_(我没去我没去过过)there.(be)3.Theyoungmandemandedthathe_(被送去工作被送去工作)inthewestofChina.(send)Ihadntbeencouldhaveinjuredshouldbesenttowork虚虚拟拟4.Myparentsinsistedthatchildren_(不被理睬不被理睬)whentheymadenoisesfornoreasonsandaskedforthingsrude
27、ly.(ignore)5.HetalkedaboutAmericaasif_(他在那里呆他在那里呆过过)formanyyears.shouldbeignoredhehadstayedthere6.Thedoctorsuggestedthatthepatient_(被送往被送往)amoreadvancedhospitalatonce.(send)shouldbesentto7.Hughusuallytalksasif_(他在发表演讲他在发表演讲)ataconference,butnoonewilllistentohim.(give)heweregivingaspeech8.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofthiscountry,butIwouldrather_(多谈一点多谈一点)itsculture.(focus)hefocusedmoreon9.IwishI_(能够参加能够参加)suchactivities.ButasastudentinSeniorThree,Imtoobusytosparethetime.(join)couldjoinin
