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1、从从概概貌貌着着眼眼朝朝细细节节入入手手向向运运用用延延伸伸8/25/20241词汇量：词汇量：3500多单词多单词300短语短语四会词语：四会词语：2000多单词多单词11.构词法构词法12.简单句简单句13.并列句并列句14.复合句复合句词类词类1.冠词和名词（冠词和名词（2093个）个）动词（动词（818个）个）8.代词和数词代词和数词9.介词和连词介词和连词10.形容词和形容词和副词副词4.非谓语动词非谓语动词5.动词时态动词时态7.情态动词情态动词15.定语从句定语从句16.名词性从句名词性从句17.状语从句状语从句高高中中英英语语语言知识语言知识语言运用语言运用100110wpm短
2、对话，长对话，短文短对话，长对话，短文教材教材/空中英语空中英语2030mpd疯狂英语疯狂英语希望英语希望英语1.书虫（书虫（50本）本）21世纪报世纪报Teens2.每天三篇每天三篇300字左右的高考阅读训练字左右的高考阅读训练1.课外阅读量课外阅读量TW:300,0002.5060wpm(300w/8m)18虚拟语气虚拟语气100120w记叙文记叙文应用文应用文议论文等议论文等背诵经典句型；每周一篇习作背诵经典句型；每周一篇习作听力听力口语口语阅读阅读写作写作词法词法句法句法2.系动词系动词3.助动词助动词实义动词实义动词6.动词语态动词语态高考要求高考要求方法指南方法指南高考要求高考要求
3、方法指南方法指南方法指南方法指南方法指南方法指南高考要求高考要求22.强调强调20.主谓一致主谓一致21.倒装倒装23.省略省略8/25/202421.WhenLindawasachild,hermotheralwaysletherhave_bed.a.thebreakfastinb.thebreakfastinthec.breakfastind.breakfastinthe解析解析在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，一般不加冠词，如havedinner，playchess。但是如果是指具体的某一顿，需要加冠词。如：Ihadaverybigbreakfast.c冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2
4、02432.Hehaspromisedtogiveup_hundredsoftimes.a.atobaccob.tobaccoc.thetobaccod.tobaccos解析解析物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。例如：Mancannotlivewithoutwater.离开水人就无法生存。b冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202443._usuallygotochurcheverySunday.a.TheBrownb.ABrownc.Brownsd.TheBrowns解析解析用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：theGreens格林一家人（或格林夫妇）
5、。d冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202454.Hecanplayalmosteverykindofmusicinstrumentbutheisgood_.a.atthefluteb.atflutec.atafluted.atthatflute用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如：Sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。解析解析a冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202465.Youlookin_highspirit.Youmusthave_duringyourholiday.a.a/wonderfultimeb.x/awonderfultimec.a/thewonderfultimed.x/som
6、ewonderfultimebb解析解析inhighspirit固定搭配，不加冠词；awonderfultime指某人在某段时间或某个场合中的经历。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202476.Thecityassignedapolicemanto_schoolcrossingbecause_traffictherewassoheavy.a.the/ab.a/thec.the/thed.a/onecc解析解析Theschoolcrossing是特指，从thetrafficthere可以看出。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202487.Virtueandvicearebeforeyou;_lead
7、syoutohappiness,_tomisery.a.theformerlatterb.aformeralatterc.theformerthelatterd.formerlatter解析解析theformer,前者,指virtue美德，thelatter，后者,指vice恶习。cc8/25/202498.Thechildreninthekinder-gardensoontook_totheirteachers.a.quitefancyb.aquitefancyc.quiteafancyd.thequitefancy解析解析Cquite修饰的单数可数名词要前置。Takeafancytosb喜
8、欢某人冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024109.Iwantanassistantwith_knowledgeofFrenchand_experienceofofficeroutine.a.thetheb.athec.aand.thean解析解析aknowledgeofFrench“了解；熟悉”的意思，此处knowledge为可数名词。anexperienceof泛指某方面的经验。cc冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20241110.Annshabitofridingamotorcycleupanddowntheroadearlyinthemorningannoyed_and_theytook
9、hertothecourt.a.theneighbors/intheendb.neighbors/attheendc.theneighbors/inanendd.neighbors/inendaa解析解析Ann骑摩托车惹恼了她的邻居，应该是特指。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20241211._Chinesepeopleare_braveandhardworkingpeoplea.the/ab.the/thec.x/thed.x/aaa解析解析定冠词和表示民族的词连用时指“整个民族”。例如：TheEnglishhaveawonderfulsenseofhumour英国人十分富有幽默感。abra
10、vepeople表示一个勇敢的民族。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20241312.Thatis_phrasetobeused_waya.a/theb.the/thec.the/thisd.a/thatcc解析解析当表示“那唯一的”、“那正是”和“那理想的”等意思时，已含“特指”之意，需用定冠词。例：ThatisthepersonIwaslookingfor那正是我刚才在找的词典。那是可以这样用的唯一的短语。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20241413._horsehasbeenpraisedbymanypoetsas_nobleanimal.a.a/ab.a/thec.the/ad.the
11、/thecc解析解析这里的thehorse是马的总称，指一类.下面的例句泛指一类，并非某只老虎。例如：Thetigerisindangerofdyingout.冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20241514.Manypeoplearestillinhabbitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.A.the,theB.x,xC.the,xD.x,thecc解析解析Inthehabbitofdoingsth.是一个是一个短语，特指某方面的习惯；而短语，特指某方面的习惯；而publicplaces表示泛指，故选表示泛指，故选C。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024
12、1615.SheisnewcomertoChemistry,butshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.A.the,theB.the,xC.a,xD.a,theAnewcomer表示她的身份。例表示她的身份。例如：如：Sheisaworker.Chemistry为泛指，故选为泛指，故选C。解析解析cc冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20241716.Howevergood_radioyouhave,youwillnevergetperfectsound.a.theb.ac.thisd.xb解析解析若修饰名词的形容词受若修饰名词的形容词受too,so,
13、as,how,however等副词的修饰，则通等副词的修饰，则通常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之间。间。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20241817.youregoingquite_wrongway.Itisquite_goodbook.a.the/theb.a/thec.a/ad.the/add解析解析不定冠词与副词不定冠词与副词quite，rather连连用时，不定冠词通常置于其后，用时，不定冠词通常置于其后，但其前有形容词时，则但其前有形容词时，则a/an放在放在quite/rather之前或之后都可以。之前或之后都可以。例如：例如：Heisratheraf
14、ool.冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20241918.Iknowboth_brothers.All_childrenhavegonehome.Yourhouseistwice_sizeofmine.thethethe解析解析解析解析与与both/all/half/twice等连用时，等连用时，冠词常置于其后冠词常置于其后.冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20242019.SoonIsaw_secondplane.Iwanttoreadthenovel_thirdtime.aa解析解析1.a/an用于序数词之前用于序数词之前,表示数量表示数量或序数的增加或序数的增加,但是：但是：Hewentto
15、Beijingforthesecondtimein1989.冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20242120.IhavetwofavoriteplacesinChina,SanyaandShanghai.SanyainHainanhas_mostbeautifulbeachesIhaveeverseen.Shanghaiis_mostenergeticandexcitingcity.a.the/ab.a/thec.the/thed.a/aaa解析解析themostbeautiful特指；amostenergetic=averyenergetic冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20242221._o
16、ld_morelikelytocatchcoldthantheyoung._beautiful_notalwaysthesameasthegood.TheareTheis“the+形容词形容词”表一类人，作主语表一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数。时，谓语用复数。表一类物，作主语时，谓语用单数表一类物，作主语时，谓语用单数解析解析冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20242322.Hemovedtothesouthin_seventies.thehis/the用于逢整十的数词的复数前，用于逢整十的数词的复数前，指世纪中的年代；而指世纪中的年代；而hisorher等等表示年龄。表示年龄。解析解析冠词和名词
17、冠词和名词8/25/202424用于用于“hit+sb+介词介词+the+身体部位身体部位”及及“catch/hold/takesbbythe+身体部位身体部位”。eg“他打了我的脸他打了我的脸”，不能说，不能说Hehitmyface，而应说：，而应说：Hehitmeintheface.23.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?Ihithisface.Icaughthimbythecollar.Isawaboyleadingacowbythenose.冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20242524.Heispaidby_hour.他拿计时工他拿计时工资。资。Theeggs
18、issoldby_dozen.thethe表示计算单位，用表示计算单位，用the,主要用于主要用于bythe十计量单位，含有十计量单位，含有a/each/per的意义的意义解析解析冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202426注注注注1 1：关于湖泊前是否用冠词，分两种情况，：关于湖泊前是否用冠词，分两种情况，：关于湖泊前是否用冠词，分两种情况，：关于湖泊前是否用冠词，分两种情况，中国的湖名在英译时，常加中国的湖名在英译时，常加中国的湖名在英译时，常加中国的湖名在英译时，常加the.the.egeg。TheWestLakeTheWestLake，thetheDongtingDongtingLake
19、Lake。外国的湖名前，多数不加定冠词，少数加，视情况外国的湖名前，多数不加定冠词，少数加，视情况外国的湖名前，多数不加定冠词，少数加，视情况外国的湖名前，多数不加定冠词，少数加，视情况而定，主要是习惯用法。而定，主要是习惯用法。而定，主要是习惯用法。而定，主要是习惯用法。EgEg。LakeSuccessLakeSuccess成功湖。成功湖。成功湖。成功湖。TheLakeofGenevaTheLakeofGeneva日内瓦湖日内瓦湖日内瓦湖日内瓦湖注注注注2 2：山名的构成有两种方式：山名的构成有两种方式：山名的构成有两种方式：山名的构成有两种方式：若用于若用于若用于若用于“ “山名山名山名山
20、名+Mountains”+Mountains”，前常用，前常用，前常用，前常用thethe，egeg. .TheTheJinggangJinggangMountainsMountains。若用于若用于若用于若用于“ “Mount/Mt+Mount/Mt+山名山名山名山名” ”，其前不用冠词，其前不用冠词，其前不用冠词，其前不用冠词，eg.Mteg.Mt TaiTai。另外，若不出现另外，若不出现另外，若不出现另外，若不出现mountainmountain一词时，则常用一词时，则常用一词时，则常用一词时，则常用thethe，egeg，thetheAlps,Alps,阿尔卑斯山。阿尔卑斯山。阿尔卑
21、斯山。阿尔卑斯山。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20242712.the12.the用于由普通名词构成（或含有普通名词）的专有名用于由普通名词构成（或含有普通名词）的专有名用于由普通名词构成（或含有普通名词）的专有名用于由普通名词构成（或含有普通名词）的专有名词，如国名、地名、政党、团体、组织机构以及旅馆、词，如国名、地名、政党、团体、组织机构以及旅馆、词，如国名、地名、政党、团体、组织机构以及旅馆、词，如国名、地名、政党、团体、组织机构以及旅馆、商店、学校、文娱场地、建筑物等之前，商店、学校、文娱场地、建筑物等之前，商店、学校、文娱场地、建筑物等之前，商店、学校、文娱场地、建筑物等之前，eg
22、eg。TheUnitedNations.ThePeaceHotel.TheUnitedNations.ThePeaceHotel.TheRedCrossHospital,theFriendshipStore.TheRedCrossHospital,theFriendshipStore.ThePeopleThePeoplesRepublicofChina.sRepublicofChina.TheNationalPeoplesCongress.TheNationalPeoplesCongress.全国人民代表大会全国人民代表大会全国人民代表大会全国人民代表大会注注注注1 1：对于以地名命名的大学，
23、有两种形式，：对于以地名命名的大学，有两种形式，：对于以地名命名的大学，有两种形式，：对于以地名命名的大学，有两种形式，egegtheUniversityofLondon/LondonUniversity.theUniversityofLondon/LondonUniversity.2. 2.对于人名命名的大学，则不用冠词，对于人名命名的大学，则不用冠词，对于人名命名的大学，则不用冠词，对于人名命名的大学，则不用冠词，egeg。YaleUniversityYaleUniversity耶鲁大学，耶鲁大学，耶鲁大学，耶鲁大学，BrownUniversityBrownUniversity布朗大学。布
24、朗大学。布朗大学。布朗大学。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024281.(2005湖湖)IcantrememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft_city,Ionlyrememberitwas_Monday.A.the,theB.a,theC.a,aD.the,aD2.(2004湖湖)Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsayingword.Jimwasthefirsttobreaksilence.A.the,aB.a,theC.a,xD.the,xB冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024293.The sign reads “In case o
25、f fire, break the glass and push _ red button”(2003)A.x,a B.x,the C.the ,the D.a,aB 4.Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience.(2002)A.x,theB.x,anC.an,anD.the,theC冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024305.(1999)PapermoneywasinuseinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryinthirteenthcentur
26、y.A.the,xB.the,theC.x,theD.x,xC6.(2000) Most animals have little connection with animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food.A.the,a B.x,a C.the,the D.x,theB冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024317.Peterwontdriveustothestation.HehastodriveusallA.averysmallcarB.toosmallacarC.atoosmallcarD.suchasmallcar.B
27、8.IoftenhaveconversationswithJohnover_telephone,whilekeepintouchwithTomby_letter.A.x,theB.x,aC.the,xD.the,aC冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024329.EnglandofthoseyearswasEnglandinpeace.A.x,xB.The,anC.The,xD.x,an B10.Icouldntremembertheexactdateofthestorm,butIknewitwasSundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.A.a,theB.a,xC.x
28、,aD.x,xB11.Inthemarket,vegetablesaresoldbykilogram,Imean,by_weight.A.the,xB.x,xC.the,theD.x,theA冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/20243312.-“Whataboutschool?”-“Itisasgood,asanybodycansee,schoolastheoneattachedtoHunanNormalUniversity.”A.a,theB.the,aC.a,aD.the,the13.Thecakesaredelicious,Idliketohave_thirdoneas_secondone
29、Iatewastoosmall.A.the,theB.a,theC.the,aD.a,aBB冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202434名词名词专有名词专有名词(ProperNouns)普通名词普通名词(CommonNouns)个体名词个体名词(IndividualNouns)集体名词集体名词(CollectiveNouns)物质名词物质名词(MaterialNouns)抽象名词抽象名词(AbstractNouns)不可数名词不可数名词(UncountableNouns)可数可数名词名词(CountableNouns)冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202435ProperNouns:指人名、地名
30、及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;NewYearsDay注意：注意：注意：注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写专有名词的第一个字母要大写专有名词的第一个字母要大写专有名词的第一个字母要大写冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202436CommonNouns：专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词1。IndividualNouns:指指作为个体而存在的人或东西。作为个体而存在的人或东西。可以指具体的人或物。可以指具体的人或物。Eg:aunts;apanda;apartments也可指也可指抽象东西。抽象东西。Eg:ayear;fairytale
31、s;adream冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024372.CollectiveNouns: 表示由个体组成的集体。表示由个体组成的集体。Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。Eg:Hisfamilyisntlarge.Cf:Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。
32、在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。Eg:Theaudiencewas(were)excitedbytheshow.冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202438有少数集体名词通常用作单数。有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg:Thegangisbeinghuntedbythepolice.OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.个别集体名词则多作复数看待。个别集体名词则多作复数看待。Eg:Thepolicearelookingforhim.冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024393.MaterialNouns:指无法分为个体的东西。指无法分为个
33、体的东西。Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：特殊情况：1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份一份”、“一杯一杯”、“一一种种”Eg:Twostrongblackcoffees,please.(两份）两份）Threebeers,please.(三杯）三杯） Itwasaspecialtea.(一种）一种）2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。个别物
34、质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。Eg:rains（雨季）雨季）snows(积雪）积雪）waters(海域海域)（seenotepaper)冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024404.AbstractNouns:表示一些抽象的概念。表示一些抽象的概念。Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。Eg:HeslearningFrenchforfun.Iwishyougoodluck.有时也可以加冠
35、词。有时也可以加冠词。Heworkshardforthewelfareofthepoor.Afterabriefpeace,warbrokeoutagain.冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202441有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass(玻璃玻璃)copper(铜铜)tin(锡锡)paper(纸纸)iron(铁铁)wood(木头木头)gold(金子金子)youth(青春青春)power(力量力量)beauty(美美)pleasure(愉快愉快)relation(关系）关系）aglass(玻璃杯玻璃杯)acopper(铜币板铜币板)atin(罐头
36、，听头罐头，听头)apaper(报纸，证件，论文报纸，证件，论文)aniron(熨斗熨斗)awood(树林树林)agold(金牌金牌)ayouth(年青人年青人)apower(大国大国)abeauty(美人，美的东西美人，美的东西)apleasure(使人感到愉快的事使人感到愉快的事)arelation(亲戚）亲戚）8/25/202442英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。apoem(一首诗一首诗)amachine(一台机器一台机器)ajob(一件工作一件工作)alaugh(一个笑声一个笑声)apermit(许可证许可证)agarment(一件衣裳一
37、件衣裳)abag(case)(一件行李一件行李)aloaf(一只面包一只面包)ahair(一根头发一根头发)poetry(诗歌总称诗歌总称)machinery(机器总称机器总称)work(工作工作)laughter(笑声笑声)permission(允许允许)clothing(衣裳总称衣裳总称)luggage,baggage(行李行李)bread(面包面包)hair(头发头发)冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202443名词复数名词复数情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音y结尾的词以辅音+o结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es把f/fe改成vesB
38、rothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishes*1Ladies;countries;*2Heroes;tomatoes*3Halves;leaves;*48/25/202444Notes:*1:stomachstomachs*2:以元音以元音+y或以专有名词或以专有名词+y结尾的名词，直接在词尾加结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s.Eg:boys;toys;Germanys;Henrys*3:以元音以元音+oeg:videos;studios以以oo结尾结尾eg:zoos;bamboos;kangaroos一些外来词一些外来词(特别是音乐方面的词特别是音乐方面的词)eg:pi
39、anos一些缩写词一些缩写词eg:kilos;photos;memos一些专有名词一些专有名词eg:Eskimos;Filipinos直接在词尾加直接在词尾加-s.*4:以以f/fe结尾只加结尾只加-s的词：的词：proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefs8/25/202445不规则复数：不规则复数：1.manmenEg:womanwomen;chairman-chairmen2.ooeeEg:foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese3.+enEg:child-children;ox-oxen4.ouseiceEg:m
40、ouse-mice;louse-lice（虱子）有些外来词的不规则复数形式：Eg:analysis-analyses;basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crisescriterion-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202446单单复数相同的情况：复数相同的情况：sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu复合名词的复数形式：复合名词
41、的复数形式：1.词末词末+-seg:film-goers;forget-me-nots2.主体名词变为复数形式：主体名词变为复数形式：lookers-on;editors-in-chief;sons-in-law3.两个组成部分皆变为复数：两个组成部分皆变为复数：womendoctors;mencooks*这种形式这种形式的第一个名词必须是的第一个名词必须是man或或woman冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202447名词所有格名词所有格(ThePossessiveCaseofNouns)somepatterns:1.Illtaketheriskforfriendshipssake.2.She
42、wasatherwitsend.3.Nowtheycouldsingattheirheartscontent.4.Weshouldgetthechildrenoutofharmsway.5.Wehadbestkeepthematarmslength.6.Forgoodnesssake,stoparguing.7.Janegotthemoneysworthoutofthecoat.( (为了友谊）为了友谊）为了友谊）为了友谊）（黔驴技穷）（黔驴技穷）（黔驴技穷）（黔驴技穷）（尽情地）尽情地）尽情地）尽情地）（不受（不受（不受（不受损害）损害）损害）损害）（保持距离保持距离保持距离保持距离）（看在
43、（看在（看在（看在上帝的份上）上帝的份上）上帝的份上）上帝的份上）（很（很（很（很合算）合算）合算）合算）冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202448主谓一致主谓一致。语法形式上的一致。语法形式上的一致（主单谓单；主复谓复）。意义上的一致。意义上的一致（主语形单意复，谓语用复数。Eg:people;police)（主语形复意单，谓语用单数。Eg:news;economics)3.就近原则：就近原则：eitheror;neithernor;notonlybutalso4.单复数视情况而定。单复数视情况而定。）集体名词作主语：强调整体，用单数；强调个体，用复数集体名词作主语：强调整体，用单数；强调个
44、体，用复数）单复数同形名词作主语，按意义一致原则。）单复数同形名词作主语，按意义一致原则。Eg:means,species）中心词是）中心词是all,most,half,rest时，按意义一致原则。即主语单数时，按意义一致原则。即主语单数意义，谓语用单数；主语复数意义，谓语用复数。意义，谓语用单数；主语复数意义，谓语用复数。8/25/202449）主语是）主语是and连接两个名词时，指一样东西，谓语单数；指两样连接两个名词时，指一样东西，谓语单数；指两样东西，谓语复数。东西，谓语复数。Eg:Aknifeandforkisonthetable.5)代词作主语，取决于它代替的是单数还是复数。意义一
45、致原则。代词作主语，取决于它代替的是单数还是复数。意义一致原则。Eg:ours,yours;such,thesame;who,that,which;any,either,neither,(单独作主语，谓语单数）单独作主语，谓语单数）none,all,some,more,）分数，量词，）分数，量词，halfof,partof作主语，于中心词保持一致。作主语，于中心词保持一致。）what引导的主语从句。通常用单数；所指的具体内容为复引导的主语从句。通常用单数；所指的具体内容为复数时，谓语用复数。数时，谓语用复数。）主谓倒装，谓语与其后主语一致。）主谓倒装，谓语与其后主语一致。冠词和名词冠词和名词8
46、/25/202450。谓语用单数的情况。谓语用单数的情况。）名词所有格之后的名词被省略。（指商店，工场，住宅）名词所有格之后的名词被省略。（指商店，工场，住宅等）作主语。等）作主语。Eg:Thedoctors,myuncles,thebakers2)中心词是时间、距离、金额、度量、书名等复数名词。中心词是时间、距离、金额、度量、书名等复数名词。Eg:threeyears;TheselectedpoemsofLiBai;3)each,every,no所修饰名词，即使以所修饰名词，即使以and或逗号连接。或逗号连接。Eg:eachboyandeachgirl;everymanandwoman4)主
47、语有主语有morethanone;manya5)akindof;apairof;aseriesof冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/2024516)Thiskindof7)Thenumberof8)Agreatdealof;alargeamountof+un9)Oneandahalf+可数名词复数可数名词复数eg:Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.10)Thedeparted(死者）意义上指个体死者）意义上指个体11)theonlyoneof+可数名词复数定语从可数名词复数定语从句。从句中的谓语用单数。句。从句中的谓语用单数。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202
48、452.谓语用复数的情况。谓语用复数的情况。）police,;people;cattle;militia(民兵）作主语。民兵）作主语。）有两个部分构成的名词。（表示衣物或工具）有两个部分构成的名词。（表示衣物或工具）eg:glasses;chopsticks3)thesekindofmen（口语口语);menofthiskind作主语作主语）bothand.修饰主语修饰主语5)Anumberof;largequantitiesof;largeamountsof修饰主语修饰主语）the+形容词作主语，一般情况下形容词作主语，一般情况下）oneofthe+可数名词复数定语从句，从句中谓可数名词复数
49、定语从句，从句中谓语动词用复数。语动词用复数。冠词和名词冠词和名词8/25/202453Assignment:1.Trytolearnthesewordsbyheart:(通常用于复数形式的词）scissors剪刀; pants裤子;contents目录compasses两脚规;cords灯心絨裤;arms武器earphones耳机;pyjamas睡衣裤;ashes灰烬scales天平;overalls工装裤;tropics热带spectacles眼镜;braces背带;stairs楼梯nail-clippers指甲刀；slacks便装裤;brains头脑belongings所有物； savi
50、ngs积蓄；tidings消息doings行为；writings作品；findings调查结果Andthewordsinyournotepaper.2.FinishEx.BookChapter2.Nouns.(P7-P16)&Chapter12(P133-P136)8/25/202454系动词系动词系动词亦称联系动词（系动词亦称联系动词（LinkVerb），），作为作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况等情况
51、说明：说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：Hefellillyesterday.（fell是系动词，后是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）跟补足语，说明主语情况。）Hefellofftheladder.fell是实义动词，单独作谓语是实义动词，单独作谓语8/25/2024551）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：一词，例如：Heisateacher（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词持续系动词用
52、来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一个谜。此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念，主要有这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。他看起来很累。Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起来很伤心他看起来很伤心8/25/2024564）感官系动词）感官系
53、动词.感官系动词主要有感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如例如:Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香这朵花闻起来很香5）变化系动词）变化系动词.这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主有变化系动词主有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6）终止系动词）终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作，表示主语已终止
54、动作，主要有主要有prove,turnout,表达表达证实证实，变成变成之意，例如：之意，例如：Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计他的计划终于成功了。（划终于成功了。（turnout表终止性结果）表终止性结果）8/25/202457什么是助动词什么是助动词什么是助动词什么是助动词 1 1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（AuxiliaryVerbAu
55、xiliaryVerb）。）。）。）。被协助的动词称作主要动词被协助的动词称作主要动词被协助的动词称作主要动词被协助的动词称作主要动词（MainVerbMainVerb）。）。）。）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：用，例如：用，例如：用，例如： HedoesntlikeEnglish.HedoesntlikeEnglish.（doesntdoesnt是助动是助动是助动是助动词，无词义；词，无词义；词，无词义；词，无词义；likelike是主要动词，有词义是主要动词，有词义是主要动词，有词义是主要
56、动词，有词义) )2 2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. a.表示时态，例如：表示时态，例如：表示时态，例如：表示时态，例如：Heissinging.Heissinging.Hehasgotmarried.Hehasgotmarried.b.b.表示语态，例如：表示语态，例如：表示语态，例如：表示语态，例如：HewassenttoEngland.HewassenttoEngland.c. c.构成疑问句，例如：构成疑问句，例如：构成疑问句，例如：构成疑
57、问句，例如：Doyoulikecollegelife?Doyoulikecollegelife?DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere? d.d. 与否定副词与否定副词与否定副词与否定副词notnot合用，例如：合用，例如：合用，例如：合用，例如：Idontlikehim.Idontlikehim. e. e. 加强语气，加强语气，加强语气，加强语气，Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Hedidkn
58、owthat.Hedidknowthat.3 3） 最常用的助动词有：最常用的助动词有：最常用的助动词有：最常用的助动词有：be,have,be,have,do,shall,will,should,woulddo,shall,will,should,would8/25/202458助助助助动词动词bebe的用法的用法的用法的用法 1 1） be+be+现现在分在分在分在分词词，构成，构成，构成，构成进进行行行行时态时态，例如：例如：例如：例如：Theyarehavingameeting.EnglishisbecomingmoreandTheyarehavingameeting.Englishi
59、sbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.moreimportant.2)2)be+be+过过去分去分去分去分词词，构成被，构成被，构成被，构成被动语态动语态ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.EnglishistaughtThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.throughouttheworld.3 3） be+be+动词动词不定式，不定式，不定式，不定式，a.a.表示最近、未来的表示最近、未来的表示最近、未来的表示最近、未来的计计划或安排，划或安排，划或安排，划或安排，例如：例如：例
60、如：例如： HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.Wearetoteachthefreshpersons.Wearetoteachthefreshpersons.说说明：明：明：明： 这这种用法也可以种用法也可以种用法也可以种用法也可以说说成是一种将来成是一种将来成是一种将来成是一种将来时态时态表达法。表达法。表达法。表达法。b.b.表示命令，表示命令，表示命令，表示命令，Youaretoexplainthis.Youaretoexplainthis.HeistocometotheHeistocometotheofficethi
61、safternoon.officethisafternoon.c. c.征求意征求意征求意征求意见见，HowamItoHowamItoanswerhim?Whoistogothere?d.answerhim?Whoistogothere?d.表示相表示相表示相表示相约约、商定、商定、商定、商定 Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrow.Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrow.8/25/202459助动词助动词have的用法的用法1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态，过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：例如：Heha
62、sleftforLondon.Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时现在分词，构成完成进行时IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被语过去分词，构成完成式被语态，例如：态，例如：EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。中国教英语已经多年。8/25/202460助动词助动词助动词助动词dod
63、o的用法的用法的用法的用法 1 1） 构成一般疑问句。构成一般疑问句。构成一般疑问句。构成一般疑问句。DoyouwanttopasstheCET?DidDoyouwanttopasstheCET?DidyoustudyGerman?youstudyGerman?你们学过德语吗？你们学过德语吗？你们学过德语吗？你们学过德语吗？2 2） do+notdo+not构成否定句。构成否定句。构成否定句。构成否定句。 Idonotwanttobecriticized.Idonotwanttobecriticized. Hedoesntliketostudy.Hedoesntliketostudy.Inth
64、epast,manystudentsdidInthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.notknowtheimportanceofEnglish.3)3)构成否定祈使句。构成否定祈使句。构成否定祈使句。构成否定祈使句。Dontgothere.Dontgothere.不要去那里。不要去那里。不要去那里。不要去那里。Dontbesoabsent-minded.Dontbesoabsent-minded.这么心不在焉。这么心不在焉。这么心不在焉。这么心不在焉。说明：说明：说明：说明： 构成否定祈使句只用构成否定祈使句只用构成否定祈使句
65、只用构成否定祈使句只用dodo，不用不用不用不用diddid和和和和doesdoes。4 4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：例如：例如：例如：Docometomybirthdayparty.Docometomybirthdayparty.Ididgothere.Ididgothere.Idomissyou.Idomissyou.我确实想你。我确实想你。我确实想你。我确实想你。8/25/2024615）用于倒装句，用于倒装句，例如：例如：NeverdidIhearofsuchathi
66、ng.OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.说明：说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。等。6）用作代动词，用作代动词，例如：例如：-DoyoulikeBeijing?-你喜欢北京吗？你喜欢北京吗？-Yes,Ido.-是的，喜欢。（是的，喜欢。（do用作代动用作代动词，代替词，代替likeBeijing.）Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesnthe?他知道如何开车，对吧？他知道如何开车，对吧？助动
67、词助动词助动词助动词8/25/202462助动词助动词shall和和will的用法的用法shall和和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：成一般将来时，例如：IshallstudyharderatEnglish.HewillgotoShanghai.说明：说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说在过去的语法中，语法学家说在过去的语法中，语法学家说在过去的语法中，语法学家说shallshall用于第一人称，用于第一人称，用于第一人称，用于第一人称，willwill只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，只
68、用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，willwill常用于第一人称，但常用于第一人称，但常用于第一人称，但常用于第一人称，但shallshall只用于第一人称，如用于只用于第一人称，如用于只用于第一人称，如用于只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，词，词，词，试比较试比较试比较试比较:Heshallcome.（shall有命令的意味。）有命令的意味。）Hewillco
69、me.（will只与动词原形构成一般将来只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）时。）8/25/202463助动词助动词should,would的用法的用法1）should无词义，只是无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：例如：ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.比较：比较：WhatshallIdonextweek?Iasked.（可以说，（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成变成间接引语时，变成should。）。）2）would也无词义，是
70、也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：例如：Hesaidhewouldcome.比较：比较：Iwillgo,hesaid.他说：他说：我要去那儿。我要去那儿。变变成间接引语，就成了：成间接引语，就成了：Hesaidhewouldcome.原来的原来的will变成变成would，go变成了变成了come.。8/25/202464过去分词过去分词不定式不定式-ing形式形式非谓语动词高考题高考题巩固巩固题题1巩固巩固题题28/25/2024651._lateinthemorning,Bobtur
71、nedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept 2001春季高考 第21题Multiplechoice2._aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto_fromthem.A.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearB.C.Nothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV/phrases+ing:appreciate;avoid;canthelp;consider;enjoy;escape;fin
72、ish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keep(on);mind;missdevoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdownto,stickto,leadto8/25/2024661.作状语作状语2.作定语作定语3.作表语作表语4.作补语作补语过过去去分分词词8/25/202467不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用1例1NMET2000第19题Iveworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析该题
73、考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain8/25/202468解析例2NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用1因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, promise, p
74、lan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B 。8/25/202469不定式的不定式的时态时态2例3NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式不定式常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：wouldlove,meant,hope
75、d,planned,expected,promised,wish等例如：Imeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.例4NMET1999第14题Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.C.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudyingA8/25/202470不定式不定式不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式3例5NMET1996年The patient was warned _ oily food after the operationT
76、he patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatA. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatC解析该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，warnsb.nottodosth.warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用结构另外，not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，在大多数的动词可接不定式短
77、语做宾补，在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看只有少数动词（五个看只有少数动词（五个看只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice, see,watch,notice, see,watch,notice, see,watch,notice, observe,look atobserve,look atobserve,look atobserve,look at；三使役三使役三使役三使役make,let, have;make,let, have;make,let, have;make,let, have;二听二听二听二听listen to,hearlisten to,
78、hearlisten to,hearlisten to,hear等）须接不带等）须接不带等）须接不带等）须接不带to to to to 的不的不的不的不定式做宾补。定式做宾补。定式做宾补。定式做宾补。8/25/202471不不 定定 式式 的的 作作用用不定式的不定式的时态时态不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式不定式近五年不定式考查了5道题，主要考查了不定式做宾语和表语。此外还考了不定式的时态和否定形式。8/25/202472过去分词过去分词过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。1.作状语例1NMET1996第23题_inthought,healmostranintotheca
79、rinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.8/25/202473过去分词过去分词2.作定语例2NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC
80、.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析 过去过去过去过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。过去分词表示的动作已完成。过去分词表示的动作已完成。过去分词表示的动作已完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。是主谓关系。是主谓关系。是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。不定式作定语表示将要
81、发生的动作。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以所以所以所以A A A A是正确的。是正确的。是正确的。是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which First played in 776B.C.=which First played in 776B.C.=which First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.was first played in 776 B.C.was first played in 776 B.C.was first played in 776
82、 B.C.8/25/202474过去分词过去分词3.作表语例3NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.8/25/202475过去分词过去分词4.作补语解析该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。The plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系。See sth.done 这结
83、构常见的还有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.例4NMET2000第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC8/25/202476时态和语态 类类 别别 及及 物物动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词形式形式主主动动被被动动主主动动一般式 doingbeingdonedoing完成式 havingdonehavingbeendonehavingd
84、one-ing形式形式8/25/202477作主语：动名词Teachingismyfull-timejob.WritinganEnglishcompositionisnoteasy.Itsuselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.8/25/202478作表语（1 1）动名词动名词Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Her full-time job islayingeggs.=Laying eggs is herfull-timejob.（2 2）现在分词）现在分词Theplayisexciting.Excitingistheplay.The
85、 story he told uswasveryinteresting.Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.8/25/202479作宾语：动名词Ihavejustfinisheddoingmyhomework.Isuggestedaskinghisbrotherforsomemoney.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.8/25/202480只接动名词作宾语的常见动词只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个有十六个：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keeponlookforward
86、to、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeedin、consider、canthelp、miss。太多了，怎么记呀？8/25/202481别别着急，我们来动动脑着急，我们来动动脑筋。有了，你看：筋。有了，你看：抗议推迟盼喜报，心想练成考不错8/25/202482作宾语补足语：现在分词Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewi
87、thgreatinterest.8/25/202483能跟能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：以将它们记住：make、let、have、lookat、see、watch、hear、listento、notice、feel。对了，用对了，用“三让、三看、两三让、三看、两听、注意感觉听、注意感觉”。多简单！。多简单！8/25/202484动名词作定语表示性质或用途。动名词作定语表示性质或用途。awashingmachineamachineforwashingaswimmingpoolapoolforswi
88、mmingThisisanewwashingmachine.作作定语定语8/25/202485作定语作定语现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。词之后。adevelopingcountryacountrywhichisdevelopingasleepingboyaboywhoissleepingThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.8/25/202486作 状 语现在分词
89、作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。果、伴随（方式）等。Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.（时间）时间）Beingill,hewenthome.（原因）原因）Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)（结果）结果）Hereadamagazinewaitingforthebus.（伴随伴随）Seeingfromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.(条件）条件）8/2
90、5/202487-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法例NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeA解析makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditw
91、asclosed.8/25/2024881.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself_.(NMET9134)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Onafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,_somebananasandvisitedhercousin.(NMET9123)A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.writing3.-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?(NMET9214)A.totrygoingB
92、.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived8/25/2024895.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.To
93、turnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healw
94、aysprefers_abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding8/25/20249010.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewritte
95、nC.beingwrittenD.written12.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernew
96、bicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing8/25/20249115.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.(97上海上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.(95上海上海20)A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peopleso
97、metimecanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.(96上海14)A.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdone
98、C.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading8/25/2024925.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,_.A.alotof
99、practiceisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice20.Thelibraryneeds_,butitllhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_isbelieving.1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow_English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.Itsapay
100、day，andtheyarewaiting_.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.-Alettermaybetooslow.-Whynot_atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend巩固练习巩固练习CDAAD8/25/20249316种时态种时态（主动语态主动语态Activevoice）现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来diddoes/dowill/shalldowould/should do一般一般进进行行完成完成完成完成进行进行is/are/amdoingwere/wasdoin
101、gwill/shallwill/shallbedoingbedoingwould/would/shouldshouldbedoingbedoinghave/hasdonehaddonewill/will/shallhaveshallhavedonedonewould/would/shouldshouldhavedonehavedonehave/hashave/hasbeendoingbeendoinghadhadbeendoingbeendoingwill/will/shallhaveshallhavebeendoingbeendoingwould/shouldwould/shouldhave
102、beenhavebeendoingdoing时间时间方式方式结构式结构式8/25/202497 VerbVerb的时态的时态肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+V（时态）（时态）+.否定句：否定句：主语主语+助助V+not+V原原+.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：助助V+主语主语+V原原+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+助助V+主语主语+V原原+?(对主语提对主语提问，谓语同陈述句问，谓语同陈述句.）8/25/2024981.mary,study,abroad,nextmonth2.Mybrothers,read,abook,now3.she/they,watch,TV,atthattime.
103、4.Tom/we,live,inBeijing,since19995.Theworkers,build,twobridges,bylastmonth.Marywillstudyabroadnextmonth.Mybrothersarereadingabooknow.ShewaswatchingTVatthattime.TomhaslivedinBeijngsince1999.Theworkershadbuilttwobridgesbylastmonth.8/25/2024991.一般现在时：一般现在时：动词的原形或三单动词的原形或三单肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+V（原形（原形/三单）三单）+.否
104、定句：否定句：主语主语+助助V(do/does)+not+V原原+.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：助助V(do/does)+主语主语+V原原+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+助助V(do/does)+主语主语+V原原+?Mary/they,study,English,everyday8/25/20241002.一般过去时：一般过去时：动词的过去式动词的过去式（V-ed）肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+V（-ed）+.否定句：否定句：主语主语+助助V(did)+not+V原原+.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：助助V(did)+主语主语+V原原+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+助助V
105、(did)+主语主语+V原原+?Mary/they,study,abroad,lastyearMary/they,study,abroad,lastyear8/25/20241013.一般将来时：一般将来时：助动词助动词will+V原原肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+助助V(will)+V原原+.否定句：否定句：主语主语+助助V(will)+not+V原原+.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：助助V(will)+主语主语+V原原+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+助助V(will)+主语主语+V原原+?Mary,study,abroad,nextmonth8/25/20241024.现在进行时：
106、现在进行时：助动词助动词am/is/are+V-ing肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+助助V(am/is/are)+V-ing+.否定句：否定句：主语主语+助助V(am/is/are)+not+V-ing+.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：助助V(am/is/are)+主语主语+V-ing+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+助助V(am/is/are)+主语主语+V-ing+?Mybrothers/I/she,read,abook,now.8/25/20241035.过去进行时：过去进行时：助动词助动词was/were+V-ing肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+助助V(was/were)+V-ing
107、+.否定句：否定句：主语主语+助助V(was/were)+not+V-ing+.一般疑问句一般疑问句：助助V(was/were)+主语主语+V-ing+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+助助V(was/were)+主语主语+V-ing+?She/they,watch,TV,atthattime8/25/20241046.现在完成时：现在完成时：助动词助动词have/has+V-ed肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+助助V(have/has)+V-ed+.否定句：否定句：主语主语+助助V(have/has)+not+V-ed+.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：助助V(have/has)+主语主语+
108、V-ed+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+助助V(have/has)+主语主语+V-ed+?Tom/we,live,inBeijing,since19998/25/20241057.过去完成时：过去完成时：助动词助动词had+V-ed肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+助助V(had)+V-ed+.否定句：否定句：主语主语+助助V(had)+not+V-ed+.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：助助V(had)+主语主语+V-ed+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+助助V(had)+主语主语+V-ed+?Theworkers,finish,twobridges,bylastmonth
109、8/25/20241061.-Fined 20! You know you _ 100 km an hour, dont you? -No, officers. I cant have been.This car doesnt do 80.A.are driving B.have driven C.had driven D.were driving2.-Is Paul playing both soccer and tennis for the school? -He _.But now he has given up playing tennis.A.is B. has C. was D.
110、had3.What a shame! When we got to the cinema, the movie_(finish), so we saw only the end.DCwas finishing8/25/20241074.- I wonder what has become of your company? -_? It is as good as ruined because of bad management.A. Dont you hear about it B. Didnt you hear about it C.Havent you heard about it D.
111、Hadnt you heard about it5.Im very disappointed with my neighbour. She said she would keep her cat off my grass, but she _. A. didnt B. hasnt C. wouldnt D. hadntCB6.-Theformer president was caught at last. -Really? Where_he_(hide) himself? / Where_he_(hide) ?had hiddenwas hidden 8/25/20241087.-When d
112、id he go to America? - Oh, he _there half a year ago. He _there since half a year ago.wenthas been8. When the parents left for work, the baby _(leave) at home playing on its own.was left 9. We had already bought our tickets the day before, so we _ to get to the theatre.A.havent rushed B.didnt rush C
113、.hadnt rushed D.dont rush 10.Is Lin Tao a soldier? No, but he _ in the army for three years. A.has served B.had served C.was serving D.servedBD8/25/202410911.- Whats the general attitude to smoking in public places? -People _ less tolerant of smoking these days. A.become B.have become C.became D.are
114、 becoming 12.- How do you find our company? -A little worried. We _ ground as a leader in the field of IT with the others speeding up development. A. have lost B. are losing C. lose D. were losing 13.How can I fix my attention on my work if you _ continually _ me with so many silly questions?A,have,
115、 interrupted B. had, interrupted C.are, interrupting D. were , interruptingDBC8/25/202411014.My train arrives in New York at 8 oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _(leave) by then.15.- May I speak to your manager at four oclock this afternoon? -Im sorry. He _ to a conference lo
116、ng before then.A. will have gone B. had gone C. would go D. has gonewill have leftA8/25/2024111被动语态被动语态基本用法基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，谓语的形式是时，谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句。当句子的主语是动作的子的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语时，谓语要用要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表表现出来。现出来。8/25/2024112Hisbrotherwashesbowlseve
117、ryday.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls arewashed by hisbrother everyday.改为被动语态8/25/2024113n nTheyplayfootballonSunday.n nLucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.n nTheyoftenusecomputersinclass.n nWemakethesemachinesinXiangxiang.n nPeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.Football is played by them on Sunday.Football is
118、played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in These machines are made in XiangxiangXiangxiang. .English is spoken as the f
119、irst language in UK.English is spoken as the first language in UK.你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？8/25/20241141.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词8/25/2024115Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelit
120、tlebaby waslookedafterbyhim yesterday.8/25/2024116n nTheybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.n nHetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.n nWecleanedourclassroomjustnow.n nTheyusedthisroomforresting.n nTheyplantedmanytreesyearsago.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken
121、good care of by him yesterday. Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Many trees were planted by them years ago.Good care was taken of his little brother by him yesterday.8/25/20241172.TheyboughttencomputerslasttermTencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时
122、：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词8/25/2024118Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Theroom willbecleaned by Tom tomorrow.8/25/2024119n nWewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.n nChildrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.n nTheheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.n nThefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofv
123、egetablesnextspring.n nUncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.A sports meeting will be held by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.The TV
124、set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.8/25/20241203.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词8/25/20241214AmycantakegoodcareofGinaGinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词8/25/20241221.He can take care of
125、the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday. The baby The baby can be takencan be taken care of by him. care of by him.The picture The picture may be drawnmay be drawn by Lucy. by Lucy.The lights The lights must be
126、 turned offmust be turned off by you. by you.English English should be learnedshould be learned well by them. well by them.It It could be donecould be done by Jim yesterday. by Jim yesterday.8/25/2024123练习：练习：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.TheymadecomputersintheU.S.A.2.Theymadec
127、omputersintheU.S.A.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.4.Peopleusedmetalformakingmachines.5.TheyproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.5.TheyproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.6.TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.6.TheyspeakEnglishinCanada. English is s
128、poken by many people.Computers were made by them in the U.S.A.Knives were used by people for cutting things.Metal was used by people for making machines.Silk is produced by them in Suzhou and Hangzhou.English is spoken by them in Canada.8/25/20241247.TheywritebusinesslettersinEnglish.7.Theywritebusi
129、nesslettersinEnglish. 8.TheygrowriceinSouthChina.8.TheygrowriceinSouthChina. 9.TheyplantmanytreesinNorthChina.9.TheyplantmanytreesinNorthChina. 10.Lu10.LuXunXunwrotethisbook.wrotethisbook. 11.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.11.Theworkersbuiltsomebridges.12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.12.Wecanusetheboxasatable
130、.13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday. Business letters are written by them in English.Rice is grown by them in South China.Many trees are planted by them in North China.This book was written by Lu Xun.Some bridges were built by the workers.The box can be used by
131、 us as a table.The classroom should be cleaned by us every day.8/25/2024125被动语态中的特殊情况被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstuden
132、tsintheschool.被动句：被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.8/25/20241262.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktosc
133、hoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（let，have，make，see，watch，lookat，hear，listento，feel，observe，notice)8/25/20241273.当动词带双宾语时当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或或“for”。常见
134、加常见加to的动词有的动词有give，send，teach，write，show，pass，ask，tell,bring常见加常见加for的动词有的动词有draw，buy,makee.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动被动2Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.8/25/2
135、024128练习：练习：将下列句子变为被动句。将下列句子变为被动句。 1.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.1.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully. 2.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.2.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom. 3.Wetookcareofthethings.3.Wetookcareofthethings.4.Theygaveussomework.4.Theygaveussomework. 5.Theboymadethemlaughall
136、thetime.5.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime. 6.Mymotherbuysmeabike.6.Mymotherbuysmeabike. His father is listened to by Li Lei carefully.The baby was looked after by the mother in the room.The things were taken care of by us.We were given some work by them.Some work was given to us by them.They were made
137、 to laugh by the boy all the time.Im bought a bike by my mother.A bike is bought for me by my mother.8/25/20241291.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）8/25
138、/20241303.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold8/25/20241315.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused8/25/20241327.Di
139、dyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_ourwork_today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished8/25/20241339.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_.Weweregivenweregiventous8/25/202413410.TheteacheraskedTomtoturno
140、nthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone8/25/202413512.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine_threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken8/25/202413614.Thestudentsi
141、nthisschoolstudyGerman.German_bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?_thisquestionoften_about_?isstudiedIstalkedbythem8/25/2024137下列时态的被动语态构成下列时态的被动语态构成1.Lucy is watering the trees. 2.The boy was mending his bike.3.We have finished our compositions. 8/25/2024138Someworkersarep
142、aintingtheroomsnowTheroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词8/25/2024139Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnightMyhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词8/25/2024140WehavemadetwentymorekeysTwentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：现在完成
143、时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8/25/2024141Practice1.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.2.Iammendinghisbikenow.3.Heinvitesmetohispartyeveryyear.4.Shewillbuyustenbookstomorrow.5.Theoldmanoftenmadeuslaugh.6.Wehadbuiltanotherbridgebytheendoflastmonth.8/25/20241421.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spe
144、nt$3,000morethanhe_forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned2.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe_hereanymore.A.hasntlivedB.didntliveC.hadntlivedD.doesntlive8/25/20241433.Whatweusedtothink_impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe4.Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thes
145、ametalkI_tohalfadozenothergroups.A.wasgivingB.amgivingC.hadgivenD.havegiven8/25/20241445.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty_,someworkerswerebusysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hadbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld6.MycousinwenttoCanadatwoyearsago.He_thereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoAmerica.A.workedB.would
146、workC.wouldbeworkingD.hasbeenworking8/25/20241457.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026_offat18:20.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken8.Iwonttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe_onitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked8/25/20241469.-Howisthede
147、sertedcat?Iwonderhowyou_it?-Isentittoafriendofmineyesterday.A.dealtwithB.didwithC.havedealtwithD.havedonewith8/25/202414710.Yourjob_openforyourreturn.-Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept11.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_atthegarage.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.ha
148、sbeenrepaired8/25/202414812.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.A.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven13.ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards_forentertainmentandeducation.A.werebeingdesignedB.havedesignedC.havebeendesignedD.weredesigned8/25/20241491
149、4.Themomentthe28thOlympics_open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared15.Idontsupposedthepoliceknowwhodidit.Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand_now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned8/25/202415016.Theconstructionofth
150、etwonewrailwaylines_bynow.A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted17.Althoughthecausesofcancer_,wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.A.arebeinguncoveredB.havebeenuncoveringC.areuncoveringD.haveuncovered8/25/2024151情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 定定 义义情情情情态态态态动动动动词词词词是是是是一一一一种种种种本本本本身身身身
151、有有有有一一一一定定定定的的的的词词词词义义义义，表表表表示示示示说说说说话话话话人人人人的的的的情情情情绪绪绪绪、态态态态度度度度或或或或语语语语气气气气的的的的动动动动词词词词，但但但但不不不不能能能能单单单单独独独独作作作作谓谓谓谓语语语语，只只只只能能能能和和和和其其其其他他他他动词原形构成谓语。动词原形构成谓语。动词原形构成谓语。动词原形构成谓语。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。我们明天能按时去那儿。MayIhaveyourname?我能知道你的名字吗？我能知道你的名字吗？Shallwebeginnow?我们现在就开始吗？我们现在就开始吗？
152、Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列： cancan(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)(dared),shall(should),will(would).8/25/2024152情情 态态
153、动动 词词 的的 位位 置置情情态态动动词词在在句句中中放放在在谓谓语语动动词词之之前前，谓谓语语动动词词前前若若有有助助动动词词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。情态动词放在主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看见你，过来吧。我能看见你，过来吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。他一定走了。WhatcanIdoforyou?你要什么？你要什么？Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!你怎么敢那样对待我们你怎么敢那样对待我们!情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 特特 点点情情态态动动词词无无人人称称和和数数的的变
154、变化化，情情态态动动词词后后面面跟跟的的动动词词需需用用原原形形，否否定定式式构构成成是是在在情情态态动动词词后后面面加加“not”。个个别别情情态态动动词词有有现现在在式式和和过过去去式式两两种种形形式式，过过去去式式可可以以用用来来表表达达更更加加客客气气、委委婉婉的的语语气气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。他很快就来。Wecantcarrytheheavybox.我们搬不动那箱子。我们搬不动那箱子。ImsorryIcanthelpyou.对不起，我帮不上你。对不起，我帮不上你。8/25/202415
155、3情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 用用 法法1.can(could)表表示示说说话话人人能能,可可以以,同同意意,准准许许,以以及及客客观观条条件件许许可可,could为为can的过去式。的过去式。Canyoupassmethebooks?你能给我递一下书吗你能给我递一下书吗?Couldyouhelpme,please?请问请问,你能帮助我吗你能帮助我吗?Whatcanyoudo?你能干点什么呢你能干点什么呢?Canyoubesure?你有把握吗你有把握吗?can和和could只只能能用用于于现现在在式式和和过过去去式式两两种种时时态态，将将来来时时态态用用beableto来表示。来表示。Hec
156、ouldhelpusatall.他完全可以帮助我们。他完全可以帮助我们。Withtheteachershelp,IshallbeabletospeakEnglishcorrectly.有有老师的帮助老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。我将能准确地讲英语。8/25/20241542.may(might)“可以可以”，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。Youmaytakethebookhome.你可以把书带回家去。你可以把书带回家去。MayIcomein?我可以进来吗我可以进来吗?MayIuseyourdictionary?我可以用你的词典吗我可以用你的词典吗?
157、Youmayputonmoreclothes.你可以多穿点衣服。你可以多穿点衣服。Hesaidhemightlendussomemoney.他说他可以借给我们一些钱他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may否否定定式式为为maynot,缩缩写写形形式式是是maynt。might是是may的的过过去去式式，有有两两种种用用法法，一一种种表表示示过过去去式式，一一种种表表示示虚虚拟拟语语气气，使使语语气更加委婉、气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。客气或对可能性的怀疑。Hetoldmehemightbehereontime.他说他能按时间来。他说他能按时间来。MightIborrowsomemoneynow?
158、我可以借点钱吗我可以借点钱吗?Hemightbealive.他可能还活着。他可能还活着。8/25/20241553.must“必必须须；应应该该；一一定定；准准是是”，表表示示说说话话人人认认为为有有必必要要做做某某事事，命命令令、要要求求别别人人做做某某事事以以及及对对事事物物的的推推测测。must用用来来指指一一般般现现在时和一般将来时，在时和一般将来时，过去式可用过去式可用haveto的过去式代替。的过去式代替。Imustfinishmyworktoday.我今天必须完成我的工作。我今天必须完成我的工作。Youmustntworkallthetime.你不能老是工作。你不能老是工作。Mu
159、stIreturnthebooktomorrow?我必须明天还书吗我必须明天还书吗?Aftersuchalongwalk,youmustbetired.走走了了这这么么长长的的路路,你你一一定定累了。累了。HemustbethemanIamlookingfor.他一定是我要找的人。他一定是我要找的人。Hehadtogobecauseofsomebodyscallinghimthatday.那那天天他他要要走，因为有人叫他。走，因为有人叫他。8/25/2024156值得注意的是：值得注意的是：（1）must+have+过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。Hem
160、usthavetoldmyparentsaboutit.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。Hemusthavereceivedmyletternow.他现在一定收到我的信了。他现在一定收到我的信了。Itssixoclockalready,wemusthavebeenlateagain.已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。（2）must和和haveto的区别的区别:must表示说话人的主观思想表示说话人的主观思想,haveto“不得不不得不,必须必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。Youmustdoi
161、tnow.你必需现在就干。你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干说话人认为必须现在干)Ihavetogonow.我得走了。我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走客观条件必须现在走)Youmustbehereontimenexttime.你下次一定要按时来。你下次一定要按时来。Ihavetocookformychild.我得给孩子做饭。我得给孩子做饭。8/25/20241574.need“需要需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中，多用在否定式或疑问句中.NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗我需要明天参加会议吗?Youneednothandinthepaperthis
162、week.这一周你不必交论文。这一周你不必交论文。need是是一一个个情情态态动动词词，他他的的用用法法完完全全和和其其他他情情态态动动词词一一样样，但但need还还可可当当作作实实义义动动词词使使用用，这这时时need就就象象其其他他动动词词一一样样，有有第第三人称，单复数，三人称，单复数，后面加带后面加带to的动词等特性。的动词等特性。Ineedabiketogotoschool.我上学需要一辆自行车。我上学需要一辆自行车。Doyouneedadictionary?你需要词典吗你需要词典吗?Sheneedsanecklace.她需要一条项链。她需要一条项链。注注意意：“neednt+hav
163、e+过过去去分分词词”表表示示过过去去做做了了没没必必要要做做的的事事情。情。Youneednthavetakenitseriously.这件事情你不必太认真。这件事情你不必太认真。8/25/20241585.dare“敢敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。，多用在否定或疑问句中。Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic.小小女女孩孩不不敢敢在在公公众众面前说话。面前说话。Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?你敢抓小猫吗你敢抓小猫吗?dare除除用用作作情情态态动动词词外外，更更多多的的是是当当实实义义动动词词使使用用，用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时
164、态等。用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。Doyoudaretowalkinthedark?你敢黑夜走路吗？你敢黑夜走路吗？Hedoesntdaretotelltheteacherwhat happened thatday.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。8/25/20241596.ought“应当；应该应当；应该”，后面跟带有，后面跟带有to的动词不定式。的动词不定式。Yououghttoreadthesebooksifyouwanttoknowhowtorepairthemotorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽车如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。
165、你应该读这些书。Yououghttobringthechildhere.你应该把孩子带来。你应该把孩子带来。ought+tohavedone句型。指过去动作句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。表示一件事情该做而未做。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.你昨天就应该来。你昨天就应该来。oughtnottohavedone句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。Yououghtnottohavetakenthebookoutofthereading-room.你不应该把书带出阅览室。你不应该把书带出阅览室。8/25/20241607.w
166、ill(would)表表决决心心、愿愿望望。would为为will的的过过去去式式,可可用用于于各各人人称。称。Illdomybesttocatchupwiththem.我要尽全力赶上他们。我要尽全力赶上他们。Illneverdoitagain,thatsthelasttime.我我再再不不会会做做那那件件事事情情了了,这是最后一次。这是最后一次。Hesaidhewouldhelpme.他说他会帮助我。他说他会帮助我。will,would用用于于疑疑问问句句表表示示说说话话人人向向对对方方提提出出请请求求或或询询问问,用用would比比will更婉转更婉转,客气。客气。Itshot.Willy
167、ouopenthewindows?天气太热了天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗你能打开窗户吗?Willyouhelpmetoworkitout?你能帮我解这道题吗你能帮我解这道题吗?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee？给你来点咖啡怎样？给你来点咖啡怎样？8.shall,should表示命令表示命令,警告警告,允诺允诺,征求征求,劝告劝告,建议建议,惊奇。惊奇。Youshouldhandintheexercisebook.你应该交作业本儿了。你应该交作业本儿了。Thisshouldbenoproblem.这应该没问题。这应该没问题。Shallwegonow?我们现在可以走了吗我们现在可以走了吗
168、?WhyshouldImeethim？为什么我要见他为什么我要见他?8/25/2024161情态动词专练题情态动词专练题1.Putonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.mustD.would2.MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?No,_.A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt3.Youtoattendthemeeting,butyoudidnt.A.shouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.ca
169、meD.shouldhavecome4.WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended5.Tomwentonfoot,buthebybus.A.mightgo B.maygoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone8/25/20241626.Weplaychessthanbridge.Someofusdontknowhowtoplaybridge.A.hadbetterB.wou
170、ldbetterC.wouldratherD.hadrather7.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.CanB.MustC.ShouldD.Ought8.Therewasalotoftime.He.A.mustnthavehurriedB.neednthavehurriedC.couldhavehurriedD.oughttohavehurried9.WedidntstudyChemistrylastnight,butwe.A.hadstudiedB.couldC.shouldD.couldhave10.Oneoughtforwhatoneha
171、sntdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished8/25/202416311.MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?.A.No,youneedntB.Not,pleaseC.No,youmustntD.No,youwont12.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,you.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might13.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfa
172、sterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnotB.maynotC.shouldnotD.donthaveto14.Ididntseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustnthavespokenB.shouldnthavespokenC.neednthavespokenD.couldnthavespoken15.Iwonderhowhethattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay8/25/2024164
173、16.Youtakeyourumbrella.Iamsureitwontrain.A.shouldntB.cantC.donthavetoD.mustnt17.Thedoghibernateinwinter.A.dontneedB.doesntneedtoC.needsnottoD.needsnot18.Lookwhatyouhavedone.Youhavebeencareful.A.should B.canC.mustD.may19.Tomdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orIhim.A.wouldseeB.couldmeetC.mighthaveseenD.migh
174、tsee20.Letsgotothecinema,shallwe?A.No,IcantB.Yes,IwillC.Yes,thankyouD.No,wedbetternot8/25/202416521.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,youhavemadesomanymistakes.A.wontB.wouldntC.maynot D.mustnt22.WheneverMotherwasnothere,thechildrenmakealotofnoise.A.willB.wouldC.weretoD.weregoingto23.Whyisitsodark.Therebeaheav
175、yraincoming.A.shallB.mayC.shouldD.will24.Tomislate.Whattohim?A.shouldhavehappenedB.musthavehappenedC.canhavehappenedD.wouldhavehappened25.Tom,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.wont,couldB.mustnt,mayC.shouldnt,mustD.cant,should8/25/202416626.“Canyouimaginehowaboutit?”“No,Icant.”A.couldtheyknowpos
176、siblyB.couldtheypossiblyknowC.theycouldpossiblyknowD.possiblytheycouldknow27.Tomfullmarks,buthewastoocarelessaspellingmistake.A.couldgain,tomakeB.couldhavegained,tomakeC.couldhavegained,andmade D.couldhavegained,astomake28.Iwonderhowshethedrunkensailortheotherday.A.darefightingoffB.daredfightoffC.daretofightoffD.daredfightingoff29.themantherebeournewteacher?Hebe,butImnotsure.A.May,mustntB.Can,mayC.Must,cantD.Can,cant30.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whoitbe?ItbeTom.Heisstillintheschool.A.can,cantB.can,mustntC.might,couldD.might,may8/25/2024167
