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1、Imports and Exports Unit Six Unit 6 Imports and ExportsIntroduction Whether you are a businessmen or not, you have some business dealing every day. Maybe you dont believe this, but its true. We are all part of this business world and involved in the business activities in some way. Unit 6 Imports an
2、d Exports Text Exercises Related Technical Terms GrammarUnit 6 Imports and Exports 1 Economic activity began with the caveman, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the princip
3、le of division of labor evolved. On person was more able to perform certain activities than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and thus each benefited from the variety of diet. Te
4、xt Unit 6 Imports and Exports 2 In todays complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. As a result of this trade an
5、d activity, international finance and banking have evolved. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 3 For example, the United States is a major consumer of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any of its own. Consequently, the United States must import coffee from countries (such as Brazil, Colo
6、mbia, and Guatemala) that grow coffee efficiently. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, such as chemicals and airplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them. Text Unit 6 Imports and ExportsText 3 If nations traded item for
7、item, such as one automobile for10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. So instead of barter, which is the trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United states receives money in payment for what it sells. It pays for Brazilian coffee with dollars
8、, which Brazil can then use to buy wool from Australia, which in turn can buy textiles from Great Britain, which can then buy tobacco from the United States.Unit 6 Imports and Exports 4 Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above,
9、 is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in the Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their
10、own boundaries must buy from countries that export them. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 5 Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce inte
11、rnally and thus must import sugar. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 6 Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of electronic products and cars because it can produce them domestically. According to economic theory, Japa
12、n should produce and export those items from which it derives a comparative advantage. It should also buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 7 Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation o
13、r style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Japan, Germany, and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 8 For most nations, exports and impo
14、rts are the most important international activity. When nations export more than they import, they are said to have a favorable balance of trade. When they import more than they export, an unfavorable balance of trade exists. Nations try to maintain a favorable balance of trade, which assures them o
15、f the means to buy necessary imports. Some nations, such as Great Britain in the nineteenth century, based their entire economies on the concept of importing raw materials, processing them into manufactured goods, and then exporting the finished goods. The subsequent profits enabled these nations to
16、 import the food they needed. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 9 In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 10 As an example of inv
17、isible trade, Brazilian coffee is usually transported by ocean vessels because these steamships are the cheapest method of transportation. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets, which can provide this transportation service. When an exporter arranges for this kind of transport
18、ation, he rents space in the cargo compartment of a ship for one voyage. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 11 The prudent exporter purchases insurance for his cargos voyage. While at sea, a cargo is vulnerable to many dangers. The most obvious danger is that the ship may sink. In this event, the expor
19、ter who has purchased insurance is reimbursed. Otherwise, he may suffer a complete loss. There is also the danger of damage to the cargo from a collapsed or leaky pipe, which could diminish the cargos value. Thus, insurance is another service in which some nations specialize. Great Britain, because
20、of the development of Lloyds of London, is a leading exporter of this service, earning fees for insuring other nations foreign trade. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 12 Some nations possess little in the way of exportable commodities or manufactured goods, but they have a mild and sunny climate. Dur
21、ing the winter, the Bahamas attract large numbers of tourists, particularly from the northeastern United States, who spend money on hotel accommodations, meals, taxis, and so on. Tourism, therefore, is another form of invisible trade. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 13 During the past decade, a trem
22、endous demand has grown for the construction of large-scale development projects around the world, including dams, highway networks, and so on. The technical skills to build these projects are purchased when a nation hires engineers and construction supervisors, usually from another country. The com
23、missions and salaries that are paid to these people represent another form of invisible. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 14 The United States has been described as a nation of immigrants. Many Americans send money back to families and relatives in the “old country”. In the past fifteen years, millio
24、ns of workers from the countries of southern Europe have gone to work in Germany, Switzerland, France, the Benelux nations, and Scandinavia. The workers send money home to support their families. These are called immigrant remittances. They are an extremely important kind of invisible trade for some
25、 countries, both as imports and exports. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 15 Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn money to buy necessities. Text Unit 6 Imports and Exports 1. He did his own hunt
26、ing, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. Notes 当时人们是自狩其猎，自营其居，自筹所需。当时人们是自狩其猎，自营其居，自筹所需。Unit 6 Imports and Exports 2. as a result of: because of; in consequence of Notes As a result of this trade and activity, international finance and banking have evolved.As a result of this lack
27、of foresight, the company lost an excellent opportunity to become a leader in the field Unit 6 Imports and Exports 3. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, such as chemicals and airplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them
28、 Notes capable of producing a variety of goods是是plants的后置的后置 定语。形容词短语修饰名词或代词时，往往后置，如：定语。形容词短语修饰名词或代词时，往往后置，如： North America and Central America have only about 8 percent of the worlds population but almost 20 percent of the land available for farming. 北美和中美只有世界百分之八的人口，但却几乎拥有世界北美和中美只有世界百分之八的人口，但却几乎拥有
29、世界 百分之二十的可耕地。百分之二十的可耕地。Unit 6 Imports and Exports 4. If nations traded item for item, such as one automobile for 10 000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. Notes 这是一个带虚拟条件从句的主从复合句，表示一种完全不存这是一个带虚拟条件从句的主从复合句，表示一种完全不存 在的假设情况，所以主句和从句的谓语都用过去式。在的假设情况，所以主句和从句的谓语都用过去
30、式。Unit 6 Imports and Exports 5. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Notes 这这是是一一个个主主从从复复合合句句。the first is 是是主主句句；that no nation has it needs是是表表语语从从句句；从从句句中中的的that it needs又又是是修修饰饰commodities的的定定语语从从句句；as mentioned above是是插入语。插入语。 Unit 6 Imports
31、 and Exports 6. According to economic theory, Japan should produce and export those items from which it derives a comparative advantage. Notes from whichadvantage是修饰是修饰items的定语从句。的定语从句。 7. comparative advantage，比较优势。也称，比较优势。也称comparative cost 比较成本学说。比较成本学说。 本学说是由著名英国古典政治经济学家李嘉图提出的。按本学说是由著名英国古典政治经济学家
32、李嘉图提出的。按照这一理论，即使一个国家不具备生产某种产品的绝对优照这一理论，即使一个国家不具备生产某种产品的绝对优势，它也可以生产对自己相对有利的产品与其它国家交换，势，它也可以生产对自己相对有利的产品与其它国家交换，从中得到利益。这时构成国际分工的重要理论基础。从中得到利益。这时构成国际分工的重要理论基础。Unit 6 Imports and Exports 8. Some nations, such as Great Britain in the nineteenth century, based their entire economies on the concept of impo
33、rting raw materials, processing them into manufactured goods, and then exporting the finished goods. Notes importing, processing, exporting都是动名词，和都是动名词，和of组成组成 短语，修饰短语，修饰concept. Unit 6 Imports and Exports 9. Great Britain, because of the development of Lloyds of London, is a leading exporter of thi
34、s service, earning fees for insuring other nations foreign trade. Notes 由由于于伦伦敦敦劳劳埃埃德德的的发发展展，英英国国成成为为这这项项业业务务的的主主要要出出口口商商，为其他国家的对外贸易进行保险来赚钱。为其他国家的对外贸易进行保险来赚钱。 Lloyds of London (= the Lloyds Association of Underwriters of London) 伦敦劳埃德保险商协会伦敦劳埃德保险商协会Unit 6 Imports and Exports I. Answer the following
35、questions according to the text. 1. What is the foundation of world trade and economic activity?2. Why does foreign trade take place?3. Why is it necessary for a country to maintain a favorable balance of trade?4. What is visible trade?5. How can countries with attractive climates earn money from ot
36、her countries? Exercises Unit 6 Imports and ExportsII. Word Study. Verb or AdjectiveNounVerb or AdjectiveNounengine seize moist fail close expose mountain press Exercises Unit 6 Imports and ExportsExercises KeyVerb or AdjectiveNounVerb or AdjectiveNounengine engineer seize seizure moist moisture fai
37、l failure close closure expose exposure mountain mountaineer press pressure Unit 6 Imports and Exports2. Fill in the blanks. 1. He receives a _ of 10 percent on sales, as well as a salary. 2. A _ parent does not make promises unless he knows that he will be in a position to do what he has promised t
38、o do.3. In Wellington the houses are _ fairly thinly over a number of little hills, and the trees and bushes between the buildings give the city a pleasantly rural atmosphere.4. The specialization of labor in the production process is also called the _ of labor.5. Signs of economic and social decay
39、are clearly _ in the streets of this big city.6. We cannot expect him to continue these activities under such _ circumstances. unfavorable scatter vulnerable utilize prudent assure visible reimburse commission division Unit 6 Imports and ExportsExercises 7. Our modern facilities _ you of satisfactor
40、y services.8. He asked the bank for a loan of ten thousand dollars, but the bank was unwilling to lend him the money, knowing that he could not _ it.9. The problem of removing waste materials from our big industrial cities will not be solved until we find means of _ these materials.10. A city with i
41、nadequate defenses is _ to attack.Unit 6 Imports and Emission 2. prudent 3. scattered 4. division 5. visible 6. unfavorable 7. assure 8. reimburse 9. utilizing 10. vulnerableKey Exercises Unit 6 Imports and Exports3. Multiple Choice.1. I need a book dealing _ the requirements of exporting documentat
42、ion of US government. A. about B. on C. with D. to2. _ how to solve the problem, I asked the teacher for help. A. Do not know B. Knowing not C. Not knowing D. Having know3. We _ him our monitor. A. selected B. appointed C. chose D. picked out4. He wanted Jack to take half the money, but Jack did not
43、 _ it. A. obtain B. receive C. accept D. have5. It _ I had no money with me at the moment. A. is so happened that B. so happened which C. was so happened that D. so happened that Exercises Unit 6 Imports and Exports3. Multiple Choice. 6. Millions of dollars worth of _ is caused every year by folds,
44、fires and earthquakes. A. collapse B. crisis C. disadvantage D. damage7. England has _ exported to the United States large numbers of cars. A. once B. late C. accordingly D. lately8. They have tried all _ means to repair his computer, which contains highly important data of the corporation. A. avail
45、able B. capable C. convenient D. complicated9. He was a brilliant musician as a boy but he never _ his early promise. A. completed B. concluded C. fulfilled D. performed10. How much did you pay _ that car? A. over B. of C. on D. for Exercises 1. C 2. D 3.C 4.C 5. B 6. A 7.C 8. A 9. B 10.AUnit 6 Impo
46、rts and Exports. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.1.另一方面，美国拥有许多大型工厂，并且能将这些产品卖另一方面，美国拥有许多大型工厂，并且能将这些产品卖给那些需要的国家。给那些需要的国家。2.2.如果国与国之间以物易物进行贸易，交易不仅极端麻烦，如果国与国之间以物易物进行贸易，交易不仅极端麻烦，而且极受限制。而且极受限制。3.3.首先，如上所述，没有哪一个国家能拥有它所需要的一切首先，如上所述，没有哪一个国家能拥有它所需要的一切商品。商品。4.4.根据经济理论，日本应该生产和出口它已取得相对优势的根据经济理论
47、，日本应该生产和出口它已取得相对优势的那些产品。那些产品。5.5.某些国家，其全部经济活动都是基于这样一种观念，即进某些国家，其全部经济活动都是基于这样一种观念，即进口原料，进行加工，然后出口成品。口原料，进行加工，然后出口成品。Exercises Unit 6 Imports and Exports1. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, which can be sold to nations that need t
48、hem.2. If nations traded item for item, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive.3. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs.4. According to economic theory, Japan should produce and export those items from which it derives a compar
49、ative advantage.5. Some nations based their entire economies on the concept of importing raw materials, processing them into manufactured goods, and then exporting the finished goods. Exercises KeyUnit 6 Imports and ExportsV. Translate the following sentences in the text into Chinese.1. As primitive
50、 populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform certain activities than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best.2. But instead of barter, which is the trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United
51、States receives money in payment for what it sells.3. Countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.4. Nations try to maintain a favorable balance of trade, which assures them of the means to buy necessary imports.5. In this event, the
52、exporter who has purchased insurance is reimbursed. Otherwise, he may suffer a complete loss. Exercises Unit 6 Imports and ExportsKey 1. 由于原始人口的增长和发展，出现了劳动分工的原则。由于原始人口的增长和发展，出现了劳动分工的原则。一个人在某项活动上比另一个人有能力做得多一些，因一个人在某项活动上比另一个人有能力做得多一些，因此，每个人都把他的能力集中在他做得最好的事情上。此，每个人都把他的能力集中在他做得最好的事情上。2. 美国不采用易货贸易，而是收到钱来
53、得到他卖出货物的美国不采用易货贸易，而是收到钱来得到他卖出货物的款项。款项。3. 那些在自己国土之内没有这些资源的国家必须从出口它那些在自己国土之内没有这些资源的国家必须从出口它的国家购买。的国家购买。4. 一些国家试图维持贸易顺差，这些顺差能保证它们购买一些国家试图维持贸易顺差，这些顺差能保证它们购买必须进口的货物的手段。必须进口的货物的手段。5. 如果这种情况发生，购买了保险的出口商会得到补偿，如果这种情况发生，购买了保险的出口商会得到补偿，否则，他会遭受到全部损失。否则，他会遭受到全部损失。 Exercises Unit 6 Imports and Exports VI. Write a
54、 summary of the text in about 120 words.Exercises Unit 6 Imports and Exports VII. Write a one-paragraph composition entitled “The Purpose of Foreign Trade”. The first sentence is given: “With the development of economy, foreign trade plays more and more important roles in our lives.” Complete the pa
55、ragraph with five to seven sentences, using the words or phrases given below. Exercises exchange advantage specialization promote standard of living Unit 6 Imports and Exports VIII. Discuss with your partner the theory of absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Exercises Unit 6 Imports and Exp
56、orts 1. favorable balance of trade 贸贸易易顺顺差差 是是一一个个国国家家在在一一定定时时期期内内（通通常常为为一一年年）出出口口总总值值超超过过进进口口总总值值的的差差额额。有有时时也也称称贸贸易易盈盈余余（trade surplus）。）。Related Technical Terms Unit 6 Imports and Exports 2. unfavorable balance of trade 贸贸易易逆逆差差 又又称称“贸贸易易赤赤字字”或或“贸贸易易入入超超”。在在一一国国一一定定时时期期内内的的对对外外贸贸易易（进进出出口口）差差额额表表中中
57、，如如果果进进口口总总值值大大于于出出口口总总值值，就就叫叫做做“对对外外贸贸易易逆逆差差”或或“入入超超”。反反之之，则则称称为为“对对外外贸贸易易顺顺差差”或或“出出超超”。若若进进出出口口总总值相等，则谓之值相等，则谓之“对外贸易平衡对外贸易平衡”。 Related Technical Terms Unit 6 Imports and Exports 3. visible trade 有有形形贸贸易易 是是指指商商品品（货货物物）的的进进出出口口贸贸易易。由由于于商商品品是是看看得得见见摸摸得得着着的的有有形形实实物物，故故商商品品的的进进出出口口被被称称为为有有形形进进出出口口（vis
58、ible export and import）。所所谓谓“无无形形贸贸易易”，是是指指“有有形形贸贸易易”即即货货物物买买卖卖以以外外的的贸贸易易，包包括括技技术术贸贸易易、劳劳务务进进出出口口、国国际际投投资资、国国际际信信贷贷、国国际际运运输输、国国际际保保险险、国国际际旅旅游游等等。我我们们通通常常所所说说的的贸贸易易，一一般般是是指指有有形形贸贸易易。商商品品进进出出口口的的收收支支，称称为为有有形形贸贸易易收收支支。一一国国在在一一定定时时期期内内商商品品进进出出口口的的总总收收入入与与总总支支出出的的差差额额，称称为为有有形形贸贸易易差差额额（visible balance or
59、visible trade balance），它它是是一一国国国国际际收收支支（balance of payments）中中的的主主要要项项目。目。 Related Technical Terms Unit 6 Imports and Exports 4. invisible trade 无无形形贸贸易易 为为有有形形贸贸易易（visible trade）的的对对称称。它它包包括括运运输输费费、保保险险费费、商商品品加加工工费费、外外交交人人员员费费用用、侨侨民民汇汇款款、国国外外贷贷款款利利息息、国国外外投投资资利利润润和和红红利利、公公司司或或个个人人在在国国外外服服务务的的收收支支以以及
60、及其其他他非非贸贸易易的的汇汇款款等等等等。凡凡以以上上各各项项中中的的收收入入，成成为为无无形形出出口口（invisible import）。上上述述各各项项中中的的收收入入与与支支出出叫叫做做无无形形（贸贸易易）收收支支或或非非贸贸易易收收支支。一一国国在在一一定定时时期期内内（如如一一年年、半半年年或或一一季季度度）无无形形贸贸易易总总收收入入和和总总支支出出相相比比的的差差额额，叫叫做做无无形形贸贸易易收收支支差差额额（invisible balance），它它是国际收支的一个重要项目。是国际收支的一个重要项目。 Related Technical Terms Unit 6 Impor
61、ts and ExportsGrammar Exercises Gerund (II)1.Complete the following sentences, using gerund.1. I couldnt help_. （我忍不住笑了起来。（我忍不住笑了起来。）2. I appreciate _. (真感激你为我花了这么多时间。真感激你为我花了这么多时间。)3. Have you forgotten _? (在会上唱过这首歌吗？在会上唱过这首歌吗？)4. Im sorry_. (很抱歉，让你久等了。很抱歉，让你久等了。)5. We had difficulty_. (我们费了很大劲儿才找到
62、一个停车位。我们费了很大劲儿才找到一个停车位。)Unit 6 Imports and Exports Grammar Exercises1. I couldnt help laughing.2. I appreciate your giving me so much of your time.3. Have you forgotten singing the song at the meeting?4. Im sorry for keeping you waiting.5. We had great difficulty in finding a parking place.Key Unit
63、6 Imports and Exports Grammar Exercises2.Put the verbs in brackets into gerund, adding proper prepositions before them if necessary.1.He was put in charge _ (collect) the rents.2.If you cant turn the key, try _ (put) some oil in the lock.3.Did you have any trouble _ (control) those children?4.Are yo
64、u accusing me _ (mislead) you _ (think) that I was a qualified practitioner?5. I liked _ (listen) to folk music better than _ (listen) to pop.6.If you persist _ (treat) your friends so casually, you risk _ (lose) them together.7.How much do they charge _ (repair) shoes nowadays?8. If that job means _ (travel) for 9 months of the year, I am not interested in it. Unit 6 Imports and ExportsGrammar Exercises1.of collecting 2. putting 3. controlling 4. of misleading, into thinking 5. listening, listening 6. in treating, losing 7. for repairing 8. travelingKey
