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1、Emerging Trends in Net-Centric Operations Standards and TechnologyRobert Marcus ThemeslA key emerging trend is shared resources e.g. data, events, hardware, network, and serviceslProcess, organizational, frameworks, and standards support is needed for efficient interoperable sharing lStandards can d
2、epend on collaboration use cases and domain-specific requirementslInteroperability use cases can often be categorized as Intranet-Centric (Mandated), Extranet-Centric (Negotiated), and Internet-Centric (Voluntary)lThe selection and deployment of the appropriate technologies and standards for specifi
3、c use cases is a critical issue for net-centric operationsTopicslNet-Centric Operations 2.0 (NCOIC)lEnterprise Architecture Delivery (OSD NII, DISA)lM&S Enhanced Systems Engineering (NCOIC)lSystems and SOA standards (NCOIC)lCapabilities Mediation for SOA (DISA)lEmerging Standards for SOA (OMG, DISA)
4、lIndustry Standards for C2 Data Sharing (JFCOM)lComplex Event-Decision-Response (NCOIC, DISA)lAdaptive Information Dissemination (Army)lFoundation Information Grid (NCOIC and SPAWAR) NCOIC = Network Centric Operations Industry ConsortiumThe Consortium exists to exchange ideas and produce process and
5、 technology deliverables that facilitate force transformation through NCO.4NCOIC OverviewlA Forum for Subject Matter Experts to Collaborate on NCO Initiatives:lBetter Understand Customers NCO Vision, Goals, and ObjectiveslExchange strategies and proven approaches to enhance system deliverylAn Organi
6、zation Committed to Establishing Open, Interoperable Systems using Common Best Practices and Systems Engineering Techniques:lFacilitates Consistency Across Industry (100 members)lAdvocates for Open and Interoperable Systems DesignlCompanies Committed to Meeting the Government More Than Half-Way:lUnd
7、erstanding Industrys Responsibilities and ActinglAddressing the Problem, Taking Initiative, Understanding the RequirementlSeeking close collaboration with Government and the rest of industry5 NCOIC Technical ApproachlComplete a thorough and rigorous analysis of pertinent government agency architectu
8、reslCustomer Requirements TeamlDevelop a secure information management overarching architectural framework / reference model to identify open standards and their patterns of uselArchitectures and Standards Analyses TeamlIdentify the widest possible community of open standards-based product typeslBui
9、lding Blocks TeamlDevelop a program for education for NCOlEducation and Outreach TeamlTo plan and implement strategies to develop effective collaborative engineering environmentslEngineering Processes Teaml Overview slide for an NCOIC session that I organized covering standards from the desktop (e.g
10、. OpenAjax) to tactical networks (e.g. Data Distribution Services)l The goal of the session was to present emerging technologies and interoperability standardsl Key issues were areas where more interoperability standards were necessary e.g. ESBs and mashupsNet-Centric Operations 2.01. Web Client App
11、lication 4. Composites2. Web Message Bus3 .Enterprise Service Manager5. Enterprise Service Buses6. Enterprise Data and Systems8. Tactical Networks7. GatewayAdaptorDataBrowser RIA, AJAX, Mashups XML over HTTPXMLHttpRequestWeb Server SOAP over HTTPSOAP Server, WCF Host, Application Server Services, SC
12、AServices, SCA ESBs with multiple transportsOrchestration BPEL, BizTalkData HTTPEnterpriseMashups/PipesSystemAggregationGateway Server Protocol and Data Transformations Sensor Networks, Mobile Platforms, Devices, Gateways (DDS, Efficient XML)Event ProcessingExternal InterfacesSDO SDONet-Centric Oper
13、ations 2.0 IssuesRich Interface Applications (RIA)Enterprise Service ManagersESBESBESBTactical NetworksNear Real-time Data GatewaysInteroperabilityInteroperabilityWeb Message BusConnections and nodes in bold are some key issues for Net-Centric Operations 2.0Enterprise Service BusesEnterprise Archite
14、cture Delivery Processl This is slide from a presentation at an NCOIC session that I organized for DISA and OSD NII on “SOA Deployment: Industry Best Practices”l The talk was based on my experiences at Boeing and General Motorsl A similar approach was the basis of a chapter that I wrote for the CRC
15、Handbook of Object Technology on “Transitioning Large Organizations to Object Technology” and an Architecture Delivery Process that I created at General Motors. Enterprise Architecture Delivery Process1.Concept Refinement2. Technology Development3.System Developmentand Demonstration4. Production and
16、 Deployment5. Operations And SupportProjectsEnterprise Architecture Delivery GroupCentralized Shared ResourcesStandardReusableCONOPSStandardReusable TechnologyComponentsAnd ServicesStandard Models,Existing Testbeds And SimulationsExisting HostingCenters andPlatformsReusable SystemManagementTools and
17、 Processes Up arrows are delivered standards. Down arrows are improvements based on experience118/25/2024ReusableResource RepositoryProject 1Project 2Project 3Project 4Centralized StandardsOrganizationEnterprise ArchitectureDeliveryTeamEnterprise Architecture Delivery Processl This slide was origina
18、lly prepared for a proposal to the Air Force Research Lab on “Test Tracks for System of Systems Testing”l The basic concept was to combine Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) simulations of systems at different stages in the system life cycle in an integrated testing environmentM & S Enhanced Syste
19、ms EngineeringM & S Enhanced Systems EngineeringProof of ConceptLive (C), Virtual (B) andConstructive (A)System and ServicesTestTrackTechnologySimulationTechnologyEmulationLiveSystemwithServices System and ServicesVerificationDesignTestingSystems andServices Validation InterfaceTestingConcept Testin
20、gSystem andService Analysis,Design, andDevelopment System Development, Services Composition, and Systems Integration ABCConcept Refinement,System and ServiceRequirements DoD System Life CycleSimulations, Systems and Servicese.g. A, B,CTests and V & VSystem Engineering and SOA StandardslOverview slid
21、e for an NCOIC Session on Modeling and Simulation enhancements for System Engineering that I organizedlThe speakers included leaders on many of these topics including SysML, SDF, and UPDM.lThe key issue for the session was the relationship between system and service modeling including related simula
22、tions lA secondary issue was the mapping between enterprise and technical architecturesSystem Engineering and SOA StandardsDoDAFDoDArchitecturalFrameworkacross multiplelevels(Zachman And MoDAF are similar)UPDMUnifiedModeling Language (UML) Profile forDoDAFand MoDAFSOAArchitecture basedon servicesSys
23、ML UML Extension for SystemsEngineeringFEA-DEA-BEAFederal and Defense Enterprise ArchitecturesSCA and OSOA Component Interface Description SCBAFEA extension toServices and ComponentsSDFService InterfaceDescriptionsLayersEnterpriseArchitectsSoftwareArchitectsProgramArchitectsSystem Architects And Eng
24、ineersMDAUML Models For software Architecture, Components and interfacesDevelopersTestbeds such as Federated Development and Certification Environment (FDCE)including Live Systems, Modules, Components ,Services and SimulationsServices - EnterpriseSystems - Operations Capabilities Mediation for SOAl
25、This slide was developed in conjunction with DISAs Net Enabled Command Capability (NECC) groupl The purpose of the slide was to lay out a strategy for defining, discovering and developing new application capabilities within service oriented architecturel It was also meant to be the basis for a serie
26、s of Industry Day seminars to DISACapabilities Mediation for SOAExisting, Enhanced, Composite and possible new services and/or systems USERSCapability specifications (with priorities) and possible new capabilitiesCapability description (with cost of implementation) and possible new capabilitiesNew c
27、apabilities availableNew capabilities neededSet of ServicesSet of RequirementsMediatingUser Requirements and Derived Requirements MatchmakingSystems Engineering GroupEmerging Technology GroupCapabilities Mediation Group Capabilities Mediation for SOAJPMOFDCEVendorsOpen SourceLibrariesStandardsBodies
28、ContractorsConsumersProducersMikeHebert(JPMO)BobMarcus(NCOIC)NeedsOfferings(1)(2)(3)(4)NECC ST&TMarketplace(5)(6)(7)(8)(3)(7)(9)JMPO, FDCE groups solicited for ST&T needsNeeds consolidated, prioritized and binnedNeeds sent to Bob MarcusClarify needMatch needs with offeringsGain producers interestDev
29、elop list of offerings use Industry Days as delivery mechanismScrub list of offerings and do final offering selections, finalize schedules for Industry Day(s)Ensure Industry Day(s) meet needs and ensure participationEmerging Standards for SOAlOverview slide for an OMG session that I organized for DI
30、SAs Net-Enabled Command Capability groupl The goal of the session was to learn about the emerging standards and to discuss possible harmonization across standards groupsl I later presented a similar talk at a meeting of the Federal SOA Community of Practice (SOACoP) Emerging Standards for SOA Servic
31、e Data ObjectsService ComponentArchitecture Open SOA StandardsWeb ServicesDescription Language(WSDL from W3C)Web Service StandardsDevelopmentApache TuscanyEclipse SOADevelopment ToolsC2 Model-BasedData EngineeringUniversal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI from OASIS)Submissions to W3CWS-
32、Policy Assertions and AttachmentWeb Ontology Language(OWL-S)WSDL-SOASIS and WS-I StandardsOASIS WS-SecurityWS-I Security ProfilesEfficient XML Service Data ObjectsService ComponentArchitecture Web ServicesDescription Language(WSDL) Apache TuscanyEclipse SOADevelopment ToolsC2 Model-BasedData Enginee
33、ringUniversal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI)WS-Policy Assertions and Attachment Service Definition Framework (SDF)Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL-S)WSDL-S WS-Security and WS-I Security ProfileEmerging Standards for SOA (Timeline)Industry Standards for C2 Data SharinglPart of a
34、 NCOIC deliverable that I prepared in response to specific requests from the Joint Forces Command (JFCOM)lStandards and technologies were discussed and recommended based on categories of use caseslThe draft of the deliverable was circulated within DISA and OSD NII as a possible model for standards d
35、escription Industry Standards for C2 Data Sharing lBased on Use Cases (e.g. Intranet-Centric, Extranet-Centric, Internet-Centric)lWeb of Services (SOAP/HTTP, ESBs, REST)l Data Sharing (Databases, Data Models, Metadata)l Detailed Summary Table with 23 Rows coveringlStandard or TechnologylDescription
36、or PurposelStatus and Future PlanslRelationship to Other StandardslRecommendations Industry Standards for C2 Data Sharing ConceptsIntranet-CentricExtranet-CentricInternet-CentricBusiness analogsInternal Enterprise Business to businessBusiness to publicExamples of Use CasesSingle organization operati
37、onsJoint operations Emergency and stability operationsImplementation of standardsMandatedNegotiatedPartial and de factoSystem Coupling Tighter coupling Looser coupling Ad hoc coupling Communities of usersCommunities of interest (COI)Cross COI collaborationExternal non-COI collaborators GovernanceCen
38、tralized pre-defined policiesContractual agreementsDynamic policies enforced User authenticationIndividuals users known in advanceUser organizations known in advanceDynamic users and organizations Middleware for servicesEnterprise Service BusSOAP Web Services, Service GatewaysSimple Web services e.g
39、. RESTService Discovery Design-timeDeployment and ConfigurationRun-timeComposition and mashupsMore static and controlledMore dynamic based on standardsAd hoc and less maintainableData sharingCommon databases, data models, and semanticsStandard data models and message formats for data exchangePublic
40、databases and self describing data in messagesXML MetadataInternal standards Shared standardsPublic standardsComplex Event-Decision-Responsel Slide prepared for an NCOIC session on “Event Processing in Net-Centric Operations” that I organized and a workshop on Complex Systemsl The key idea is that t
41、here are multiple levels of event processing, reactive decisions, and output responsesComplex Event-Decision-ResponsePreprocessInEvent InputuSimpleEventProcessingComplexEventProcessingModelUpdateNew ModelStrategyTactics HQOperations FieldOperationsSituationImpact ObjectProcessSimple Response Service
42、 Composition of Services Plan ModificationNew PlanComplex ResponseUpdate PlanCreate New Goals and Plan Sensor and Effects Management Observation and Control ComponentsInResponse OutputuAssess andDecideMeasurement Field Processors Data Structured DataInformation Knowledge Wisdom Sense Respond Complex
43、 Event-Decision-ResponselSense and Respond applications include Algorithmic Trading, Threat Detection, Logistics and C4ISRlEvent processing provides sensing capabilities for applicationslServices can be used to provide response capabilitieslComplex responses are created by composing simple responses
44、lComplex events are created by combining simple events similar to data fusion in C4ISRlComplex Event Processing engines combine multiple capabilities and near real-time performancelThe OMG is developing an events Reference Metamodel 27 Adaptive Information Disseminationl I developed a design for ban
45、dwidth management of the Armys Future Force Warrior mobile ad hoc networkl The goal was to ensure important messages had sufficient QoS even when resources were limitedlThe importance of a message was determined by a software Dissemination Strategy Manager at the application layer Adaptive Informati
46、on DisseminationlLimited bandwidth on the battlefield requires selective allocation of resourceslCostbenefits analysis and decision rules for QoS mode selection lModes determine frequency, latency, fidelity, and streaming rateslImpact analysis of events on costs and benefits lBenefits analysis based
47、 on mission value of nodes messages lCosts computed from bandwidth (and battery charge for dismounts) resource constraints308/25/20241. Battlespace Event from External Applications 6. New Mode DecisionStrategy Manager4.Impact Analysis for Event5.Assess Aggregate Benefit versus CostEvent has low impa
48、ctNo need tochange modeDecisionSupportSystem (DSS)2. Data Update to DSS Object 3. Data Extracted from DSS Object StateVariables Adaptive Information Dissemination Foundation Information Gridl I proposed the Storage Resource Broker (SRB) from UC San Diego as a foundation for bottom-up construction of
49、 information grids for NCOIC demosl An SRB Zone provides unified access through a Metadata Catalog to multiple data sources independent of location, database and storage device l SRB Zones can be federated by mappings between Metadata Catalogsl The SRB is freely available to government projects Foun
50、dation Information Grid Physical Storage Independence Database Independence Location Independence MetadataCatalogZone1 Physical Storage Independence Database Independence Location Independence MetadataCatalogMultiple Client Interfaces e.g. Web ServicesZone 2DriversDrivers338/25/2024Foundation Inform
51、ation Grid Future ActivitieslTechnical Lead for NCOIC review of DISAs NECC architecture documentslExplore possible standardizations for Complex Event Processing with OSD NII and FAAlOrganize a session on “Net-Centric Computing Environments: From Grids to Virtualization ” co-hosted by NCOIC and Open Grid ForumlAnalyze feasibility for defining verifiable layers of interoperability for specific missions with NATO
