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1、 成语的翻译成语成语：人们长期以来习用的，形式简洁而意思精辟、定型的词组或短语。固定结构形式、完整意义内容、带有书面语色彩的固定短语。特征结构严整、对仗工整三三两两By twos and threes 言简意赅、形象生动不可救药Beyond curehopeless朗朗上口、易学易记来源历史故事历史故事完璧归赵Return the jade intact to thr State of Zhao-return sth. to its owner in its good condition前人故事满城风雨Spread all over the citybecome the talk of the
2、 town寓言传说寓言传说杞人忧天Like the man of Qi who was haunted by the fear that the sky might fall-entertain imagianry or groundless fear古人原句古人原句水落石出When the water subsides the rocks emerge,-the whole thing comes to light.The truth is out.the murder is out.谚语俗语谚语俗语亡羊补牢Mend the fold after the sheep is stolen.外来
3、语外来语一尘不染Free of dust心花怒放Be wild with joybe elated新生成语分秒必争Seize every minute and second Race against time百花齐放Let a hundred flowers blosoom成语翻译方法汉语成语的语言特色，即形象鲜明、常用典故、音韵和谐，翻译时应尽可能地保留这些特色。然而由于汉英两种语言和文化的巨大差异，汉语成语的这些特色很难全部在译文中得以再现，此时译者必须有所舍弃，采取适当的翻译策略以确保主要信息的传递以确保主要信息的传递。现代翻译学认为，译文与原文在意义上应动态动态对应，不要形式对等对应，
4、不要形式对等。因此，从原文的深层意义出发，汉语句子当中的四字词组在译成英语时都有可能与英语句中的单词、短语、习语甚至整句相对应。直译法 直译法指在不不违违背背译译文文语语言言规规范范以以及及不不引引起起错错误误联联想想的条件下，在译文中保留英语的比喻、形象和民族及地方色彩的方法。挥金如土spend money like water火上浇油add fuel to the fire破釜沉舟burn ones boat如履薄冰be on thin ice沧海一粟a drop in the ocean笑掉大牙laugh ones head off直译加注木已成舟The wood is already
5、made into a boat-whats done is done.杞人忧天Like the man of Chi who was haunted by the fear that the sky might fall-unnecessary anxiety.套用法原形毕露Show ones colors君子协定Gentlemens agreement时时刻刻Every now and then掌上明珠The apple of the eye意译法 在不可能或没有必要用直译法保留英语成语的表达形式，并且也找不到相应的汉语成语以套用时，就可以配合上下文进行意译，以保证原作思想内容的完整性。安
6、乐窝a bed of roses落花流水Be shattered into pieces迎刃而解Be readily solved前赴后继Advance wave by wave直译加意译 怨声载道Complains are heard everywhere.债台高筑Be up to ones ears in debt贼头贼脑Behave steathily like a thief神出鬼没Come and go like a shadow节译自给自足Self-sufficent同心同德With one mind天长地久Eternal like skies无影无踪Vanish without
7、any trace四字词组的汉译英四字词组是汉语中一种常见的语言现象，是汉语的一四字词组是汉语中一种常见的语言现象，是汉语的一大词汇特点。它由四个语素构成，通常分为自由词组大词汇特点。它由四个语素构成，通常分为自由词组和固定词组。和固定词组。自由词组是临时组成的，可随意拆散，重新组合，例自由词组是临时组成的，可随意拆散，重新组合，例如如“广泛开展广泛开展”，“紧密联系紧密联系”。固定词组则是一个整体，不能拆散使用，其中的任何固定词组则是一个整体，不能拆散使用，其中的任何词语都不能随意更换，含特殊意义，也称为成语，例词语都不能随意更换，含特殊意义，也称为成语，例如如“雪中送炭雪中送炭 ” ”，“
8、路不拾遗路不拾遗”。 四字词组从内容上看，言简意赅；从形式上看，整齐四字词组从内容上看，言简意赅；从形式上看，整齐匀称；从语音上看，顺口悦耳；从表达效果上看，形匀称；从语音上看，顺口悦耳；从表达效果上看，形象生动。在行文、说话中人们都常运用到它们。象生动。在行文、说话中人们都常运用到它们。 翻译四字词组的常用方法一、将原文的四字词组译成英语的一个词 这些词主要是名词、形容词、副词、动词。一部分汉语四字词组译为英语时只需用一个英语单词替换就足以表达它的意思。这是走向繁荣昌盛的唯一道路。This is the only road leading to prosperity.虽然我们前面的道路崎岖不
9、平Although the road before us is rough.他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。 He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.二、 将四字词组译成短语，如介词短语、 副词短语、不定式短语 这种方法往往是套用英语中最简单的词组或句型。某位领导的讲话要求外交人员“立场坚定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、才华出众、风格高尚”，“A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profe
10、ssion, outstanding in talent, noble in character.”三、套用英语中意思相同及功能对等的习语 四字词组中有很大一部分是固定词组，即成语。成语往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。翻译时除了要忠实地表达原文意义之外，还要尽可能保持原文成语的形象比喻，丰富联想，修辞效果以及其民族、地方特点等。有的成语和英语中的习语在内容和形式上都相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有相同或大体相同的形象比喻。汉译英时，如果遇到这种情况，不妨直截了当地套用英语同义习语。这样的译文可能会增色不少，基本能实现四字词组的美学价值转移。 A. 双方有完全相同的形象比喻 趁热
11、打铁strike while the iron is hot 隔墙有耳wall has ears 捧上天去praise to the skies 火上加油pour oil on the flame B. 双方有大体相同的形象比喻 沧海一粟a drop in the ocean 挥金如土spend money like water 笑掉牙齿laugh off ones head 害群之马a black sheep 借用英语习语既保留了原文的风格和喻体，又能使读者欣然接受，达到了译文与原文之间意义相符、功能相似的翻译要求。但是应该注意的是如果这一成语具有太浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩，就不可硬套英语习
12、语，以致与原作的上下文形成矛盾，破坏原作的意蕴和形象，使译文读者产生误解。有一大部分成语无法套用习语，只能采取直译，意译或加注等其它方法。 四、 综合法 若将两个或两个以上的四字词组连用，则更能体现汉语语言的音乐美、稳重美。当一个长句或自然段落内连续出现几个四字词组时，宜采用综合法。综合法就是打破四字词组的形式，兼容各种技巧于一体的翻译方法。它往往既能忠实地传达原文的意思，又能较好地再现汉语原有的丰姿。 香港，新时代的巨轮，此刻在祖国尊重香港人、相信香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映下，满怀信心，升锚启航，向着振兴中华，祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。 We are embarking on a new
13、 era. With the respect and trust from the entire nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with conviction.We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation.天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。With the weather so clo
14、se and stuffy, ten to one itll rainpresently.TRANSLATION APPRECIATION 1. 山中无老虎，猴子称大王。Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.2. 上梁不正下梁歪。Fish begins to stink at the head. / If the upper beam is crooked, the lower one is out of plumb.3. 仁者见仁，智者见智。Everyone thinks in his way.4.生米煮成熟饭了。Whats done cannot
15、 be undone.5. 人怕出名猪怕壮。Fame portends trouble for men just as fattening does for pigs.6.少小不努力，老大徒伤悲。A man who neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years. / A young idler, an old beggar. / To idle away the time in youth will leave sorrow in old age.7. 胜者为王，败者为寇。Losers are always in the
16、 wrong.8. 人人都有弱点。Every man has his weak side.9. 少说话，多观察。Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.10. 什么人交什么朋友。A man is known by his friends. 11. 石沉大海，杳无音讯。Like a stone dropped into the sea, it has produced no reaction.12. 杀鸡取卵；竭泽而渔。Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.13. 打的主意 have an eye on14. 明
17、白事理 know whats what15. 成为泡影 end in smokeEXERCISES 1. 天长地久2. 胆小如鼠3. 泰然自若4. 水中捞月5. 苦如黄连1. as old as the hills2. as timid as a hare3. as cool as a cucumber4. to fish in the air5. as bitter as wormwood6. 鸡皮疙瘩7. 狐假虎威8. 物以类聚9. 如释重负10. 挥金如土6. goose-flesh7. ass in the lions skin8. Birds of a feather flock t
18、ogether.9. to take a load off ones mind10. to spend money like water11. 泪如泉涌12. 翁中捉鳖13. 扬眉吐气14. 一针见血15. 孤注一掷11. a stream of tears12. a rat in a hole13. to hold ones head high14. to touch one on the raw15. to put all ones eggs in one basket16. 纸上谈兵17. 白费唇舌18. 一文不名19. 体无完肤20. 鸦雀无声16. armchair strategy
19、17. to speak to the wind18. without a penny to ones name19. tear apart to scold someone20. were completely still / a stone silence21. 一箭双雕22. 装模作样23. 铁石心肠24. 易如反掌25. 半途而废21. kill two birds with one stone / bear all at once22. put on all the air23. a heart of stone24. as easy as turning the palm25. g
20、ive up halfway26. 甘拜下风27. 提心吊胆28. 千辛万苦29. 水落石出30. 粗枝大叶26. take a back seat27. remain on pins and needles28. be through hell and high water29. the truth would have been out30. to be crude and careless 31. 扬眉吐气32. 无孔不入33. 大张旗鼓 34. 风雨飘摇35. 趁热打铁31. to feel proud and elated32. to take advantage of every weakness33. on a large and spectacular scale34. (of a situation) being unstable35. to strike while the iron is hot36. 火上加油37. 晴天霹雳38. 浑水摸鱼39. 轻如鸿毛40. 空中楼阁 36. to pour oil on the flame37. a bolt from the blue38. to fish in the troubled water39. as light as a feather40. castle in the air
