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1、句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补：宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语足语、表语、同位语句子成分句子成分主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语补语补语表语表语同位语同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Janeisgoodat
2、playingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheold.What he has saidistrue.找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.（名（名词词）Helikesdancing.（代（代词词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数（数词词）Seeingisbelieving.（动动名名词词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）（不定式）What
3、heneedsisabook.（主（主语语从句）从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主形式主语语，主，主语语从句是真正主从句是真正主语语）谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helooked aftertwoorphans.复合谓语复合谓语由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;Hecan speakEnglishwell.Hehas caughtabadcold.
4、Shedoesnt seemtolikedancing(三三)宾语宾语动作的动作的对象或对象或承受者承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.Hegavemesome books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语.pleasepassmethe book.Heboughtmesome flowers.Ilikemy job.Iloveyou.Hewantedto leave here.Theyenjoyedplaying computer games.（四）定语（四）定语修饰或限制名词
5、或代词的词、词组或修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从从句句Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)Thegirlin
6、 red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?Thereisnothinginteresting inthisbook.（五）状语（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 Iwillbebackin a while.Theyareplayingon the playground.Hewaslatebecause he
7、 got up late.Hegotupsolatethat I missed the train.Iwaitedto see you.Heoftenwenttoschoolby bus.Hisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolin spite of his illness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.9种状语种类如下： 1.Howaboutmeetingagainat six?2.Lastnig
8、htshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.3.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.4.MrSmithliveson the third floor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）Shecameinwith a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthat
9、he fell asleep immediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.9.Iamtallerthan he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）（六）（六）宾语补足语宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有这类常用的及物动词有make,consider,cause,see,find,call,g
10、et,have,let. Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknown to them.Sheaskedmeto lend her a hand.Pleasemakeyourselfat home.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepita secret.主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变宾语补足语变成主补成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.Hewaslastseenplaying near the river.The
11、teachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexamThestudentwascaughtcheating in the examWemadehimmonitor.Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.Thedoorwaspushedopen.（七）表语（七）表语系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,beco
12、me,get,grow,come,goetc.系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.Theappletastessweet.注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，例如：例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：例如：Healwa
13、yskept silentatmeeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：Heseems (tobe)verysad.注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变
14、成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达表达结果是结果是;证明是证明是，之，之意，例如：意，例如：Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.（五）宾语（五）宾语宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisd
15、oinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Timeis precious.4.Imnotquite myselftoday.5.Whowasthe first?6.Heisout of condition.7.Thebookiswhat I need.（八）同位语（八）同位语位于名词或代词后面，说
16、明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词代词Heistheoldestamongthemfour.数词数词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句从句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从从句句Hewent.Hewentthere.Hewentthereyesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday.Hewenttheretos
17、eehismotherillinhospitalbybikeyesterday.Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构Youareastudent.Hefelthappytoday.Whatyousaidmademehappy.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.Helikespopmusic.Istayedawakeuntil11:30oneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.Annenamedherdiarykittybecauseshethoughtitwasherbestfriend. Thesoundsoundsstrange. Thefoodtastesgood. Hegavemeabookyesterday. Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.（名） Illhavemybikerepaired.
