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1、 Chapter 5 Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts(1) Mitochondria: in all eukaryotic cells The relationship between the structure and function of mit.(2) Chloroplasts: in plant cells The relationship between the structure and function of chl.Mit: Oxidative phosphorylation ATPChl: Photosy
2、nthesis ATP + NADPH SugarThe main chemical energy currency in cells is ATPIn eucaryotic cellssmall amounts of ATP(two molecules of ATP are produced per glucose molecule)glycolysismost ATP(30 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecules of glucose oxidized)membrane-based processes in mitochondria
3、I. Mitochondria and oxidativephosphorylationA.Mitochondrial shape and Localization B.Mitochondrial structureC.Mitochondrial functionA.Mitochondrial shape and LocalizationMitochondrial plasticity.Rapid changes of shape are observed when a mitochondrion is visualized in a living cell. Figure7-5Localiz
4、ation of mitochondria near sites of high ATP utilization in cardiac muscle and a sperm tail.vThe size and number of mitochondria reflect the energy requirements of the cell.Figure7-4Relationship between mitochondria and microtubules.B.Mitochondrial structurevInnerandoutermitochondrialmembranesenclos
5、etwospaces:thematrixandintermembranespace.Outer membrane: Contains channel-forming protein, called Porin. Permeable to all molecules of 5000 daltons or less.Inner membrane (Impermeability):Contains proteins with three types of functions:(1) Electron-transport chain: Carry out oxidation reactions; (2
6、) ATP synthase: Makes ATP in the matrix; (3) Transport proteins: Allow the passage of metabolitesIntermembrane space: Contains several enzymes use ATP to phosphorylate other nucleotides.Matrix: Enzymes; Mit DNA, Ribosomes, etc.Localization of metabolic functions within the mitochondrionOuter membran
7、e:Phospholipid synthesisfatty acid desaturationFatty acid elongationInner membrane:Electron transportOxidative phosphorylationMetabolite transportIntermembrane spaceNucleotide phosphorylationMatrixPyruvate oxidationTCA cycle oxidation of fatsDNA replication, RNA transcription, Protein translation单胺氧化酶单胺氧化酶细胞色素氧化酶细胞色素氧化酶腺苷酸激酶腺苷酸激酶C.Mitochondrial functionMolecular basis of oxidative phosphorylation Molecular basis of oxidation: Electron-transport chain两条主要的呼吸链两条主要的呼吸链NADH呼吸链和呼吸链和FADH2呼吸链呼吸链
