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1、专八英译汉翻译技巧解读专八英译汉翻译技巧解读考试须知考试须知时间分布：时间分布：60mins(E2C)+(C2E)文章类型：短文翻译文章类型：短文翻译/文章节选文章节选题量大小：题量大小：150-200字字分值比例：共分值比例：共20分，各占分，各占10分分评分标准评分标准优秀作品标准优秀作品标准9-10分分翻译能够忠实地再现原文，在词汇、翻译能够忠实地再现原文，在词汇、句法、标点或拼写上无错误或者错句法、标点或拼写上无错误或者错误很小（误很小（1-2个），能够充分再现个），能够充分再现原文的风格和口吻，文笔优雅，选原文的风格和口吻，文笔优雅，选词得当，句式多变。词得当，句式多变。良好作品标准
2、良好作品标准7-8分分翻译能够再现原文大意，在翻译能够再现原文大意，在理解单词、短语、句子和观理解单词、短语、句子和观点时几乎没有重大的错误。点时几乎没有重大的错误。翻译俱备可读性，清晰、流翻译俱备可读性，清晰、流畅、连贯。畅、连贯。及格作品标准及格作品标准5-6分分翻译足够充分地再现原文大翻译足够充分地再现原文大意，在理解单词、短语、句意，在理解单词、短语、句子和观点时出现部分较大错子和观点时出现部分较大错误，行文整体上可读。误，行文整体上可读。较差作品标准较差作品标准3-4分分翻译仅能再现原文一半的翻译仅能再现原文一半的大意，在理解单词、短语、大意，在理解单词、短语、句子和观点时频繁出现错
3、句子和观点时频繁出现错误，行文部分可读。误，行文部分可读。很差作品标准很差作品标准1-2分分翻译所再现的原文大意不及翻译所再现的原文大意不及一半，几乎所有的句子在理一半，几乎所有的句子在理解单词、短语、句子和观点解单词、短语、句子和观点时均存在错误，行文几乎不时均存在错误，行文几乎不可读。可读。拆分拆分重组重组基本原则：基本原则：1.主干与从句拆分主干与从句拆分2.主干与其他修饰主干与其他修饰成分拆分成分拆分长句拆分五步走长句拆分五步走宏观拆分宏观拆分微观拆分微观拆分第一步：看标点：逗号（，）冒号（：）第一步：看标点：逗号（，）冒号（：）破折号（破折号（）分号（；）分号（；）第二步：看从句引导
4、词：第二步：看从句引导词：“wh-”（所有）（所有）+how/that第三步：看连词：第三步：看连词：and,but,or,yet第四步：看非谓语动词：第四步：看非谓语动词：todo,doing第五步：看介词：第五步：看介词：on,in,for,of,at,with名词性从句名词性从句引导词：关系连词引导词：关系连词+关系代词关系代词+关系关系副词副词关系连词：关系连词：that,whether/if关系代词：关系代词：what,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：关系副词：when,where,why,how主语从句主语从句基本结构：引导词基本结构：引导词+从句从句+谓语谓语+
5、其其他成份他成份Whathetoldmeisonlyalie.Wherewecanbeginthejourneyisaquestion.Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifference.形式主语基本结构形式主语基本结构It+系动词系动词+形容词形容词/名词短语名词短语+引导词引导词+从从句句/todosthItisnosurprisethatourteamwonthegame.我们的球队能够赢得比赛实在不足为奇。我们的球队能够赢得比赛实在不足为奇。Itseemsunbelievablethatpilotcouldsurvivethecrash.飞行员能够从坠机中幸存似乎
6、是难以置信。飞行员能够从坠机中幸存似乎是难以置信。Whilecommentandreactionfromthelawyersmayenhancethestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirowntheirownnotionofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgment.Whilecommentandreactionfromthelawyersmayenhancethestories,/itispreferableforjournalists/【torelyontheirowntheirownnotionof
7、significance/andmaketheirownjudgment.】WhenflyingoverNepal,itseasytosoarinyourimaginationandpretendyouretiny-abutterflyanddriftingaboveoneofthosethree-dimensionaltopographicalmapsarchitectsuse,thecirclingcontourlinesreplacedbytheterracedricepaddiesthatsurroundeachhighridge.WhenflyingoverNepal,/itseas
8、y【tosoarinyourimaginationandpretendyouretiny-abutterfly】/anddriftingaboveoneofthosethree-dimensionaltopographicalmaps【architectsuse】,/thecirclingcontourlinesreplacedbytheterracedricepaddies/【thatsurroundeachhighridge.】宾语从句基本结构：宾语从句基本结构：主语主语+谓语谓语+引导词引导词+从句从句CanyouhearwhatIsay?Idontknowthatheswamacros
9、stheriver.Idontknowhowheswamacrosstheriver.Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.形式宾语结构：形式宾语结构：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补引导词宾补引导词+从句从句/todoEnvironmentwherepassivesmokingisunavoidablemakeitdifficulttoleadahealthylife.表语从句：主语表语从句：主语+系动词系动词+引导词引导词+从句从句Weatherseemsthatitisgoingtorain.Thatiswhywearelatefort
10、hemeeting.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthefinalgame.Hisviewofthepresswasthatthereporterswereeitherforhimoragainsthim.同位语从句：同位语从句：Weknowthefactthattheearthisround.判断：判断：1.在名词后，名词为抽象名词。在名词后，名词为抽象名词。2.找到从句引导词。找到从句引导词。3.盖上引导词，看从句是否完整。盖上引导词，看从句是否完整。belief（信念，信仰）（信念，信仰）,fact（事实）（事实）,hope（希（希望）望）,idea（
11、主意，观点）（主意，观点）,doubt（猜疑，质疑）（猜疑，质疑）,news（消息）（消息）,rumor（谣言）（谣言）,conclusion（结论）（结论）,evidence（证据）（证据）,suggestion（意见）（意见）,problem（问题）（问题）,decision（决策）（决策）,discovery（重大发现）（重大发现）,explanation（借口，解释）（借口，解释）,information（信息）（信息）,knowledge（知识，见闻）（知识，见闻）,order（命令，秩（命令，秩序）序）,law（法律）（法律）,opinion（观点）（观点）,truth（真（真相，
12、事实）相，事实）,promise（许诺，诺言）（许诺，诺言）,report（报告）（报告）,thought（想法，主意，思想）（想法，主意，思想）,statement（声明，陈述）（声明，陈述）,rule（法规，制度）（法规，制度）,possibility（可能性），（可能性），theory（理论），（理论），assumption（假设，假想），（假设，假想），charge（指责）（指责）Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedete
13、rminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.【Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,】/Whorfdevelopedtheidea/【thatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthought/inmanysociety.】Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupif
14、birdsfailedtocontrolthemScientistsjumpedtotherescue/withsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffect/【thatinsectswouldeatusup/ifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem】定语从句定语从句标志：跟在名词之后，从句修饰名词。标志：跟在名词之后，从句修饰名词。先行词先行词物体物体关系代词：关系代词：which,thatPumaistheanimalwhichisfoundinAmerica.先行词先行词人人关系代词关系代词:who,whom,whoseThisisthegirl
15、whomIlike.关系副词：关系副词：when,where,whyIcantforgetthedaywhenImetmygirlfriend.前置法：前置法：Themanwhonevertastebitternessdoesntknowwhatsweatis.译文：没吃过苦的人不知道什译文：没吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。么是甜。Headdshumblythatperhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully.”Headdsh
16、umbly/thatperhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthings/whicheasilyescapeattention,/andinobservingthemcarefully.”后置法：后置法：ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.译文：我把文：我把这个故事告个故事告诉给了了约翰，翰，约翰把它告翰把它告诉了他了他弟弟。弟弟。TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthou
17、ght,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.TheGreeksassumed/thatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,/whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealized/howdiverselanguagescouldbe.Duringrecentyears,thefederalgovernmenthasbeenquitesuccessfulinredu
18、cingthesupplyofstreetdrugsAsfieldsareburnedandcontraband(违禁品违禁品)confiscated,thepriceofstreetdrugshasskyrocketedtoapointwherecheapalternativeshavebeguntocompeteinthemarketplaceDuringrecentyears,thefederalgovernmenthasbeenquitesuccessfulinreducingthesupplyofstreetdrugsAsfieldsareburnedandcontraband(违禁
19、品违禁品)confiscated,/thepriceofstreetdrugshasskyrocketedtoapoint/wherecheapalternativeshavebeguntocompeteinthemarketplace.融合法：融合法：Downstairsthereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.译文：楼下有人想文：楼下有人想见你。你。InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radionewspa
20、pers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:/groups/whichbringtogethertelevision,radionewspapers,magazinesandpublishinghouses/thatworkinrelationtooneanother.Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacl
21、eargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.Infact,itisdifficult/tosee/howjournalists/whodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitution/candoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenon-commercial
22、treespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.InEurope,/whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,/thenon-commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,/tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.Somecollegestudentswhopreviouslydrankinbarsandloung
23、esunderthewatchfulsupervisionofbouncers(夜总夜总会会,酒吧等保安人员酒吧等保安人员)(nottomentionownerseagertokeeptheirliquorlicenses)nowretreattothesanctuaryoftheirfraternityhousesandapartments,wheretheynolongercontroltheirbehavior-ortheirdrinkingSomecollegestudents/whopreviouslydrankinbarsandlounges/underthewatchfulsup
24、ervisionofbouncers(夜总会夜总会,酒吧等保安人员酒吧等保安人员)(nottomentionownerseagertokeeptheirliquorlicenses)nowretreattothesanctuaryoftheirfraternityhousesandapartments,/wheretheynolongercontroltheirbehavior-ortheirdrinking状译法状译法译成时间状语译成时间状语Thedriverwhoisdrivingbusmustnttalkwithotherormind-absent.译成原因状语译成原因状语Heshowe
25、dnowishfortheconversationwithMsSmith,whowasnowmorethanusuallydisagreeable.译成条件状语译成条件状语Menbecomesdesperateforworks,anyworks,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalive.译成让步状语译成让步状语Heinsistsonbuyingthathousewhichhadnousefor.译成目的状语译成目的状语Hewishestowriteannovelthatwillattractfarmorepublicattention.译成结果状语译成结果状语Hetriedto
26、crackdownrevoltwhichspreadmorefuriouslythroughoutthecountry.被动语态被动语态一：主宾颠倒一：主宾颠倒Shewasgivenanewpenbyherfather.译文：文：她的父她的父亲送送给她她一杆新的一杆新的钢笔笔原文原文宾语主主语，原文主原文主语宾语。（有（有by被被动）However,toomanyoftheworldsleadersarestillbestdescribedinthewordsofChurchillappliedtothosewhoignoredHitlersthreat.However,/toomanyoft
27、heworldsleadersarestillbestdescribed/inthewordsofChurchillappliedtothose/whoignoredHitlersthreat.二：增加主二：增加主语Theproblemhasnotyetbeensolved.译文：文：人人们尚未尚未彻底解决底解决这个个问题。增加模糊主增加模糊主语（“我我们”“有人有人”“大家大家”）Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,911,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterw
28、orldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.（2007）Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher./Still,911,avianflu,/andIranremindus/thatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.（2007）Statelegislaturesaroundthenationhaverecentlyraisedthedrinkingagebackto21inanefforttoreducetheprevalenceofviolentde
29、athsamongouryoungpeople.Butsuchpoliciesseeminsteadtohavecreatedtheconditionsforevenmorecampusviolence三：无主句三：无主句Watercanbeshownascontainingimpurity.译文：可以证明，水含有杂质。译文：可以证明，水含有杂质。Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheepidemicfromspreadingquickly.译文：已经采取相关措施来预防传染病快译文：已经采取相关措施来预防传染病快速蔓延。速蔓延。But,ashasbeentruein
30、manyothercases,whentheywereatlastmarried,themostidealofsituationswasfoundtohavebeenchangedtothemostpractical.But,ashasbeentrueinmanyothercases,/whentheywereatlastmarried,/themostidealofsituationswasfoundtohavebeenchangedtothemostpractical.四：汉语被动四：汉语被动Aschoolboywasknockeddownbyabuswhencrossingthestre
31、et.译文：学生在过马路时，译文：学生在过马路时，被被一辆中巴一辆中巴撞倒了。撞倒了。增加汉语被动词增加汉语被动词“被被”“由由”“给给”“遭遭”五：五：“It+be+done+that”结构：构：Itshouldbepointedoutthathisplanseemstooimportant.译文：文：我我们应该指出指出他的他的计划似乎更重要。划似乎更重要。还原人称主原人称主语（“人人们”“我我们”“大家大家”）Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimproving
32、experience,butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.Itmaybesaid/thatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience,/butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.倒装结构倒装结构1.全部倒装结构全部倒装结构正常语序：主语正常语序：主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分Anoldmansitsunderthetree.倒装语序：其他成分倒装语序：其他成分+谓语谓语+
33、主语主语Underthetreesitsanoldman.IthoughtthatitwasaSundaymorninginMay;thatitwasEasterSunday，andasyetveryearlyinthemorning.Iwasstanding，asitseemedtome，atthedoorofmyowncottage.Rightbeforemelaytheveryscenewhichcouldreallybecommandedfromthatsituation，butexalted,aswasusual，andsolemnizedbythepowerofdreams.(20
34、10)2.部分倒装结构部分倒装结构1）否定词句首倒装）否定词句首倒装Never,Bynomeans,Nolonger,Innoaccount,Notonlybut,Neither,Nor,HecannotonlyspeakEnglish,butalsospeakFrench.NotonlycanhespeakEnglish,butalsospeakFrench.2）含有否定意味的词）含有否定意味的词Hardly,Seldom,Scarcely,Rarely,Little,FewIseldomreadbookbeforegoingtobedSeldomdoIreadbooksbeforegoin
35、gtobed.二：二：“Only+状语状语”倒装：倒装：Only+时间状语时间状语-Wecanonlyseestarsatnight.-Onlyatnightcanweseestars.Only+地点状语地点状语-Wehaveboughtonlythiskindofcarinbigcity.-Onlyinbigcityhaveweboughtthiskindofcar.Only+原因状语原因状语-Wecanonlydonothingbecauseofheavyrain.-Onlybecauseofheavyraincanwedonothing.Only+方式状语方式状语-Wecanonlych
36、angeslowly.-Onlyslowlycanwechange.Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,/andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactor/i
37、ntheconductoftheinstitution.非谓语动词之分词作定语非谓语动词之分词作定语Sotoday,wedumpedanother70milliontonsofglobal-warmingpollutionintothethinshellofatmospheresurroundingourplanet,asifitwereanopensewer.Sotoday,/wedumpedanother70milliontonsofglobal-warmingpollutionintothethinshellofatmospheresurroundingourplanet,/asifit
38、wereanopensewer.非谓语动词之不定式作定语非谓语动词之不定式作定语Butthereishopefulnewsaswell:wehavetheabilitytosolvethiscrisisandavoidtheworstthoughnotallofitsconsequences,ifweactboldly,decisiveandquickly.Butthereishopefulnewsaswell:/wehavetheabilitytosolvethiscrisisandavoidtheworst/thoughnotall/ofitsconsequences,/ifweactboldly,decisiveandquickly.结束结束
