定语从句讲解

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1、The Attributive clause 1定语从句定语从句定语从句四步定语从句四步v先找先行词先找先行词v找定语从句找定语从句v先行词在定语从句中的语法先行词在定语从句中的语法功能功能v选择关系词选择关系词定语从句的定义：定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句相当从句相当形容词的作用形容词的作用在句中作在句中作定语。定语。被修饰的词叫做被修饰的词叫做先行词先行词，连接先行词和从句的叫，连接先行词和从句的叫关系词关系词.ThegirlwhoisbraveandcleverisMary.主句定语从句定语从句先行词先

2、行词关系词关系词e.g.The girl is Mary. Mary is brave and clever.He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词:关系副词：who, whom, that, which, whosewherewhenwhy引导定语从句引导定语从句在从句中作一成分在从句中作一成分代替现行词在从句中的位置代替现行词在从句中的位置引导词引导词Thewoman_isateacher. Example:1. a)The woman is a teacher. b)The woman live

3、s next door.Join the two sentences, using the attributive clause.who/that lives next doorThe woman _ lives next door.who/that is a teacher2.a)The nurse is kind. b)The nurse looks after my sister. 3.a)We watched the play “ Teahouse”. b)The play was written by Lao She.The nurse who/that looks after my

4、 sister is kind.We watched the play “ Teahouse” which/taht was written by Lao She.关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指 关系词在关系词在从句从句中作用中作用关系关系代词代词that人人 / 物物主主语语、宾、宾语语which物物主主语语、宾、宾语语who人人主主语语、宾、宾语语whom人人主语主语、宾、宾语语whose人人 / 物物定定语语 (whose + n.)The use of the relative pronoun (关系代词)1,that指人或物， 在从句中做主语主语或宾语宾语,作宾语时可以省略。The

5、yre talking about the film.I have seen the film.Theyre talking about the film (that) Ive seen. I showed him the letter.I received it this morning. I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning. e.g.2. Im not interested in the book which has just been published.e.g.12，which指物，在句中作指物，在句中作主语主

6、语或或宾语宾语，作宾语时，作宾语时可以省略。可以省略。Theappleismine.Theappleismine.Theappleisyours.Theappleissmall.Theappleisbig.?whichisredwhichisgreenwhichisredwhichisgreen3，Who指人，在从句中做主语主语或宾宾语语（口语）（口语），做宾语时可省略The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.Themanisapoliceman.Heisshakinghandswithmyfather.4，Whom

7、指人，在句子中做指人，在句子中做宾语宾语，不能做主，不能做主语，常可省略。语，常可省略。vThe man (whom) you met just now is my father.vThe woman (whom) she is talking with is my sister.5,whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。指人或物，在从句中作定语。先行词先行词与连接词后面的名词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（存在所属关系时（的）的）物：whose+n.=ofwhich+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich人：人：whose+n.=ofwhom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhom

8、The room, of which the window faces south is mine.The girl whose father had given us a report got first.That is the new machine.The parts of it are too small to see. Thats the machine whose parts are too small to see.1. The student _father works in the factory is sitting there.2. I like the rooms _w

9、indows face south.3.This is the desk _legs were broken. whosewhosewhoseHave a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.5. Hi

10、s parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 6. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. 主语主语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语例例1.Theman_gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人: that/who (主语)例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that)指人: who/whom/t

11、hat(宾语,可省略)例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物: that/which (宾语,可省略)例3: The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物: that/which (主语)例例5.Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman_husbanddiedinthataccident.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用人

12、和物时都用whose,whose,可理解为可理解为“的的”Which baby is Jack? ?穿红裤子的baby是Jack。ThebabyisJack.whose trousers are redJack that和和which在指物的情况下一般可以互换在指物的情况下一般可以互换,但下列情况一般但下列情况一般用用that,不用不用which。前五种前五种All that can be done has been done.Ive read all the books that are not mine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisisthe

13、verybookthatbelongstohim.(1)当先行词是当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等等不定代词不定代词时或被时或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修饰等修饰时时.(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰修饰(5)主句以主句以there be 引导时。引导时。 There are more than 400,000 people _

14、 died or were injured in the earthquake.（6）先行词是先行词是tobe后面的表语后面的表语或或关系代词关系代词本身在本身在从句作表语从句作表语.China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago.(4)先行词先行词既有既有人人又有又有物物,用用thatWe were deeply impressed by the teachersand the schools that we had visited there.(7)当主句是以当主句是以who或或which开开头的特殊疑的特殊疑问句句时。Who

15、 is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？ 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面2,介词后面介词后面3. 句中出现了句中出现了thatthat，或先行词是，或先行词是thatthat时时 I have found that which I was looking for.2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onw

16、hichBthatCwhichD.this必须用who，不用that ：1.先行词为先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, people，he/she/I / they等时等时; Those who are from Beijing come this way. 二、二、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句“介词介词whom / which”1、介词选择考虑的因素【ABC】：A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forge

17、t the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college.on whichduring whichin whichB. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the

18、 book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout whichc. 句子表达的意思句子表达的意思 By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, above which appeared a rare rainbow soon.d. 在非限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，名词名词代词代词数词数词+of+ whichwhom表示整体与部表示整体与部分的关系分的关系The workers, some of

19、whom stayed for four years, came from different countries.There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.A、all of them B、all of whiche. 介词一般放在关系代词前，也可放在从介词一般放在关系代词前，也可放在从句中原来的位置上。句中原来的位置上。We did it in the same way in which he didwhich he did in. The gentleman to whom he sent a

20、letter was a funny actor.OR The gentleman whom he sent a letter to was a funny actor.注意注意：1）不可拆开的介词短语不可拆开的介词短语如：如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,lookforwardto等。等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.1. Hes the man

21、 _ I learnt the news.2. Whos the person _ you just shookhands.3. I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.4. This is the way _ she studies English.5. The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.6.The key_ she was opening the door broke.7. No one know the reason _ she is

22、leaving so early.from whomwith whomof whomin whichwithoutwhichwith whichfor which三、关系副词引导的定语从句三、关系副词引导的定语从句1.1.先行词指先行词指时间时间，且在定语从句中，且在定语从句中作时作时间状语间状语时时用用when或介词或介词+ +关系代词关系代词引导引导: :I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult

23、 period of my life.October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.2. 先行词先行词指指地点地点，且在定语，且在定语从句中作地从句中作地点状语点状语时用时用where或或介词介词+关系代词关系代词引导引导:Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

24、= Ill never the day I first came to Beijing.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.onwhich我们住的房子是不大的。我们住的房子是不大的。The house where we live is not large.The house that we live in is not large.The house we live in is not large.The house in which we live is not large.The house which we live in is not la

25、rge.Is this factory some French friends visited last year? A. which B. what C. the one D. where Is this the factory some French friends visited last year? A. which B. what C. the one D. where3.先行词先行词指指原因原因，且在定语从句中，且在定语从句中作原作原因状语因状语时用时用why或或介词介词+关系代词关系代词引导引导:Please tell me the reason why you missed t

26、he plane.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：注意：关系副词引导的定语从关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用句经常可以用“介词介词+ +关系代关系代词词”引导的定语从句来表示。引导的定语从句来表示。 That is the reason why I told the lie.That is the reason for which I told the lie.as与与which引导的非限定性定语从句引导的非限定性定语从句1.相同点：相同点：A. 都可指整个主句都可指整个主句 B. 都可在从句中作主，宾都可在从句中作主，

27、宾,表语。表语。2. 不同：不同： A. as 引导的可位于引导的可位于句首句首,句末；句末； which 不能放句首不能放句首 B. as：正如；就像正如；就像 常连用常连用know, see, expect, announce, point out 等等 which ：这一点：这一点/这个这个/这件事这件事 C. as 后如果是后如果是is/was +过去分词，过去分词，be可可省省 which不可省不可省 D. as is well known as is the often case as we all know as is known to all as reported as 引导

28、限定性的作关系代词常构成常构成 suchas; the same as; so/asasThis is the same watch as I lost yesterday. 同一类同一类 .that 同一个同一个This was so difficult a problem as we couldnt work out.（后面句子不完整）（后面句子不完整）This was so difficult a problem that we couldnt work it out.（后面句子完整）（后面句子完整） 定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。人称

29、和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.Sheisnotoneofthegirls_wellinclass.A.whosingsB.whosing2.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.A.whosingsB.whosingway 和time做先行词way的意思为的意思为“方式，方法方式，方法” 作方式状语作方式状语引导引导词有三种词有三种 in which that 不填不填time “次数次数” 用用that(可省可省)；“时间时间” 用用 when, 或或介词介词at/during +whichtheyworkedouttheproblem.I

30、dontunderstandtheway定语从句与强调结构定语从句与强调结构。试比较：。试比较：Itisthehouse_Imettheyoungman. It was in the house _Imettheyoungman.where(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语在定语从句中作地点状语从句中作地点状语)that(本本句句为为强强调调结结构构，可可还还原原为为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)1._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.A

31、s2.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.likeExercises: 1. All _ is useful to us is good. A.which B.what C.that D.whether2. She will never forget the days _ she spent in Beijing. A.when B.what C.which D. why3. The man _ you are talking is in the next room. A. to whom B. about whom C. who D. whom

32、4. This is the school _ my father worked thirty years ago. A.that B. when C. which D. where5. The text is one of the most interesting stories _ learned in the past three years. A.that have B. that have been C.which has D. which has been6. The college wont take on anyone _ eyesight is weak. A.who B.w

33、hose C.of whom D.which7. Here is the bicycle _ in the shop. A.that you saw it B.that saw it C.you saw D.you saw it8. Those _ to take part in the game write down your names, please. A.who B.who want C.that wants D want9. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A.who is B.what is C.wh

34、at am D.who am10. His walking-stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday. A.that B.with which C.which D.without which11. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago. A.all of them B.either of them C.all of which D.both of that12. The reason _ he cant come is that he has to wo

35、rk late. A.because B.that C.why D.for13. The family _ I stayed with in New York are coming to Beijing. A.which B.whom C.what D.whose14. This is the only thing _ I can do now. A.what B.which C.that D.all15. I dont like the way _ he spoke to me. A.by that B.what C.by which D./ 带定语从句的谚语：1. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。2. He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。