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1、M7 Unit 2 RobotsLearningaboutLanguage1.Billfeltgreatpleasurewhenhetriedhisnewfaxmachineanditworked.2.HefeltpityforClairebecauseshewasoverweightandneededtoloseaboutfivekilostolookslim.3.EventhoughJanetoldhimmanytimestogoawayherbrotherstillaccompaniedhertothedoctor. 1.Rewrite these sentences using wor
2、ds or phrases of similar meaning from the text to replace the underlined parts. satisfaction,testedoutsympathyleavealone4.HergreatestwishwastolookaselegantasGladysClaffern.5.PleasecallmebeforeyoubuyanewdigitalcamerasoIcangowithyou.6.Shelookedatthecomputerscreencarefullyhopingtofindsomenewemailsinher
3、mailbox.7.Itwasridiculousthathisownmotherwouldnottalktohimabouttheaffair.8.Hefelthappywhenhisbossstatedthathecouldsetasidesometimeforexercise.desireringupscannedabsurddeclared(News,16/04/2321)Historicalresearchshowsthatinthe22ndcenturymanypeopletoldstoriesabouthow,atonetime,peoplecouldbuyrobotsashou
4、sedecorators.Therobotswould_theliteratureforthelatestideasinhomedecoration.Oftentherobotswould_designsthatweregranderthantheirownerswanted.Brightlycoloured_and_wouldbesuggestedtogetherwithbrightlypatternedwallsandcarpets.2. Complete the following paragraph using the words and phrase in their proper
5、forms.turnaroundscanawfulalarmclerkcushiondeclarefavourbeddingscanfavourcushionsbeddingsSomeofthe_intheshopsthoughtthatthedesignswere_.Whilesomeownerswerefirmwiththeirrobotssuggestions,otherswould_andwalkoutoftheshop,feelingembarrassed.Afewotherrobotswouldevengetintophysicalfightswiththeirownersinpu
6、blicastheirelectricalsystemssometimeswouldsetofftheshops_.Afterawhilethegovernmentdecidedsuchbehaviourwasnotappropriateandpassedalaw_robotsshouldnotleavethehouse.Sorobotsbecamehouseholdcleanersorindustrialworkersinstead!clerksawfulturn aroundalarmsdeclaringGrammarPassiveVoice一、复习被动语态一、复习被动语态(Reviset
7、hePassiveVoice)英语动词有英语动词有主动语态主动语态（theactivevoice）和和被动语态被动语态（thepassivevoice）两种形式。）两种形式。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.(主动语态主动语态)Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被动语态被动语态)Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.转换规则：转换规则：用公式表示为用公式表示为:(主动主动)S+V
8、+OS(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S),如：如：MissLiisteachingmusicnow. 一般一般进行进行完成完成现在现在am/is/aregiven过去过去was/weregiven 将来将来shall/willbegiven时时式式二、常见主被动时态变化一览表二、常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/arebeinggivenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengiven1.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2.Thewaterisbeingturn
9、edintovapour.3.Thoseroomshavenotbeencleanedyet.4.Hewasseentoentertheroom.5.Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtorunthemachine.6.Radioshadjustbeeninventedthen,andpeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.7.MadameCuriewillalwaysberememberedasthediscovereroftheelementradium.8.Beforeyoucomeback,the
10、buildingwillhavebeenfinished.不定式被动式的用法不定式被动式的用法:不定式与其逻辑主语之间是不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时被动关系时,要用要用不定式的被动式。不定式的不定式的被动式。不定式的一般被动式一般被动式即即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生;不定式的不定式的完成被动式完成被动式即即表示其逻辑主语是不定式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作的承受者，又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。动作之前
11、。e.g.Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月内建成这座桥。他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般被动式一般被动式)Shewasgladtohavebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的帮助得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴。她很高兴。(完成被动式完成被动式)三三. 动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式主动主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动被动tobedoneto have been done(1)Themeetingtobeheldisofgreat
12、importance.(2)Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearisjustbetweentheonebuiltlastyearandtheonebeingbuiltnow.(3)Thishouseseemstohavebeenbuiltbyagoodarchitect.More examples:通常在通常在believe,suppose,say,report等动词构成等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.Iti
13、ssaidthatMikeissickinbed.Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.据说麦克卧床不起据说麦克卧床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被杀了。大家相信他被杀了。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。一、一、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法:1.作主语：作主语：Itisanhonorf
14、ormetobeaskedtospeakhere.2.作宾语：作宾语：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3.构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidntlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4.构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5.作定语：作定语：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachersoffice?6.作状语：作状语：Shewastooyoung
15、tobeassignedsuchwork.二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式,在句中作在句中作主语、宾语、定语主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主语主语)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语宾语)Hethoughtitanhonortohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.(复合宾语复合宾语)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedin
16、tomanylanguages.(复合谓语复合谓语)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.(定语定语)三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.在在therebe结构中。结构中。例如：例如：Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.(也可用也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).2.在在“npron+be+adj+todo”结构中。结构中。常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light
17、,heavy,fit,interesting,important,expensive,cheap,dangerous等。等。如：如：Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith3.在在“tootodo;enoughto”结构中。结构中。如：如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout/(tobeworkedout)Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在在“with+n+todo”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：Withnothingtodo,helayinbedWithsomanyexerc
18、isestodo,Icantgotothecinema5.当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如：如：Ihavealettertotypetoday(I是是totype的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是是tosay的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)6.当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。结构中时。例如：例如：Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forusyoutoread)Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse7.一些作表语用的不
19、定式的主动形式。常见的这类一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有动词有let(出租出租),rent,hire,blame等。等。例如：例如：ThehouseistoletIfeltlwastoblame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍语态形式的使用普遍,有时有时(尤其在口语中尤其在口语中)虽然意思上是被动的虽然意思上是被动的,也往往用主动语态也往往用主动语态形式来表示。形式来表示。Ihavethreemotors to repair today.Thetaskisdifficultto finish on tim
20、e.1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier_itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains_whethertheywille
21、njoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen不定式与高考题不定式与高考题B B B4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.toohe
22、avymuchC A 6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考上海高考)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingA B 8._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考)A.TosleepB.
23、SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep9.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledAC 10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.topla
24、yC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeB A 12.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.(2003北京春季高考北京春季高考)A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake13.All
25、thesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.(05年辽宁卷年辽宁卷)A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceivingD C 14.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone15.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcount
26、ryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudying16.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.A.whattodowithitB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithD.todowhatwithitD AA 17.Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisaster_ifamirrorwasbroken.A.wassureofstrikingB.wassureofhavingstru
27、ckC.wassuretobestruckD.wassuretostrike18.Johnwasmade_thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing19.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restD AC20.LastsummerItookacourseon_.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howto
28、bemadedressesD.howdressestobemade21.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteat22.Thefluisbelieved_byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(04)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecausedA CC23.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedt
29、obearule_.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking24.Thetoolsintheworkshoparenotallowed_.A.takingoutB.totakeoutC.tobetakenoutD.beingtakenoutB C 25.Thedam_bytheyear2012,willbenefitthewholecountry.A.beingcompletedB.tocompleteC.completedD.tobecompleted26.Herewefoundlittlesn
30、ow,asmostofitseemed_blownoffthemountain.A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.thatitwasD.thatithadbeenD A 27.Hesaidsuchathingought_tohappen.A.tobenotallowedB.nottobeallowingC.nottohaveallowedD.nottobeallowed28.Shetoldmethatherproposalneeded_intoconsideration.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobetakingD.tohavetakenD B 29.Thelocal
31、healthorganizationisreported_twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Admbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetupC 30.Largesumsofmoney_eachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges,ships,andotherexposedstructures.A.havespentB.havetobespentC.havetospendD.spendB1.Ifeelgreatlyhonore
32、d_intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed高考链接高考链接C 2.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.(07江西卷江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained3.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(07浙江卷浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohav
33、eheardC.hearingD.beingheardD A4.Thefluisbelieved_byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004上海上海)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.behavecaused5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.(2004福建福建)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldC B 6.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.(1992全国全国)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking7.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortableto_.(1988全国全国)A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besatonA B
