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1、Unit One Unit One A Brush With The A Brush With The LawLaw 1. 1. circumstance:circumstance: (1) n. C (1) n. C通常复数通常复数通常复数通常复数 condition or fact connected condition or fact connected with an event or action with an event or action 环境；情形，情况环境；情形，情况环境；情形，情况环境；情形，情况.New Words:.New Words:Circumstances fo
2、rced us to Circumstances forced us to change our plans.change our plans.客观情况迫使我们改变了计划。客观情况迫使我们改变了计划。客观情况迫使我们改变了计划。客观情况迫使我们改变了计划。 The manager was found dead in The manager was found dead in suspicious circumstances. suspicious circumstances. 经理死亡时的情形很可疑。经理死亡时的情形很可疑。经理死亡时的情形很可疑。经理死亡时的情形很可疑。 (2) (2) 复数
3、形式复数形式复数形式复数形式 financial financial position position 经济状况经济状况经济状况经济状况 in easy / poor circumstances in easy / poor circumstances 处于富裕处于富裕处于富裕处于富裕/ /贫穷境况贫穷境况贫穷境况贫穷境况 What are his circumstances? What are his circumstances? 他的经济状况如何？他的经济状况如何？他的经济状况如何？他的经济状况如何？ (3) (3) in / under the in / under the circu
4、mstances: circumstances: this being the case; such this being the case; such being the state of affairs being the state of affairs 在这种情况下在这种情况下在这种情况下在这种情况下Under the circumstances he felt Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.unable to accept the job.在那种情况下，他觉得无法接在那种情况下，他觉得无法接在那种情况
5、下，他觉得无法接在那种情况下，他觉得无法接受该项工作。受该项工作。受该项工作。受该项工作。The result was the best that The result was the best that could be expected under the could be expected under the circumstances.circumstances.在这种情形下，那种结果是所在这种情形下，那种结果是所在这种情形下，那种结果是所在这种情形下，那种结果是所能指望的最佳结果。能指望的最佳结果。能指望的最佳结果。能指望的最佳结果。 Under no circumstances:
6、in no Under no circumstances: in no case; never case; never 在任何情况下都不在任何情况下都不在任何情况下都不在任何情况下都不Under no circumstances should Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.you lend him any money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。 2. 2. subsequent: subsequent: （1 1）adj. comin
7、g after or adj. coming after or following following sthsth. else: . else: 随后的，接下去的随后的，接下去的随后的，接下去的随后的，接下去的 Subsequent events proved me Subsequent events proved me wrong. wrong. 后来发生的事证明我错了。后来发生的事证明我错了。后来发生的事证明我错了。后来发生的事证明我错了。These skills were then passed These skills were then passed on to subsequen
8、t generations. on to subsequent generations. 其时这些技艺又传给了子孙后其时这些技艺又传给了子孙后其时这些技艺又传给了子孙后其时这些技艺又传给了子孙后代。代。代。代。 （2 2）短语短语短语短语 subsequent to: prep. subsequent to: prep. Following, after Following, after 继继继继之后之后之后之后 Subsequent to its success as a Subsequent to its success as a play, it was made into a film
9、.play, it was made into a film.该剧在舞台上获得成功之后，该剧在舞台上获得成功之后，该剧在舞台上获得成功之后，该剧在舞台上获得成功之后，又被搬上银幕。又被搬上银幕。又被搬上银幕。又被搬上银幕。He confessed to other crimes He confessed to other crimes subsequent to the bank subsequent to the bank robbery.robbery.他供认了抢银行之后又犯的其他供认了抢银行之后又犯的其他供认了抢银行之后又犯的其他供认了抢银行之后又犯的其他罪行。他罪行。他罪行。他罪行。
10、3. 3. temporary: temporary: (1) lasting for only a limited (1) lasting for only a limited period of time period of time 临时的，短暂的临时的，短暂的临时的，短暂的临时的，短暂的 A lot of work now is A lot of work now is temporary or part-time.temporary or part-time.现在许多工作是临时的或兼职现在许多工作是临时的或兼职现在许多工作是临时的或兼职现在许多工作是临时的或兼职的。的。的。的。The
11、 accident caused a The accident caused a temporary disability. temporary disability. 事故造成了短暂的机体无能。事故造成了短暂的机体无能。事故造成了短暂的机体无能。事故造成了短暂的机体无能。 4. 4. commit: commit: vtvt. . （1 1）Do (Do (sthsth. illegal, wrong . illegal, wrong or or foolish) foolish) 做（不合法的、错的或做（不合法的、错的或做（不合法的、错的或做（不合法的、错的或 愚蠢的事）；犯愚蠢的事）；犯
12、愚蠢的事）；犯愚蠢的事）；犯 commit murder, suicide, theft, commit murder, suicide, theft, an unforgivable error, etc. an unforgivable error, etc. 谋杀，自杀，行窃，犯不可原谋杀，自杀，行窃，犯不可原谋杀，自杀，行窃，犯不可原谋杀，自杀，行窃，犯不可原谅的错误谅的错误谅的错误谅的错误Women commit fewer crimes Women commit fewer crimes than men. than men. 女子比男子犯罪少。女子比男子犯罪少。女子比男子犯罪少。
13、女子比男子犯罪少。 （2 2）give or transfer give or transfer sbsb. / . / sthsth. . to (a state or place) for to (a state or place) for safe keeping, treatment, safe keeping, treatment, 把把把把交给交给交给交给 / / 托付给托付给托付给托付给commit a patient to a mental commit a patient to a mental hospital hospital 把病人送进精神病院把病人送进精神病院把病人送
14、进精神病院把病人送进精神病院 （3 3）make it impossible for make it impossible for sbsb. . not to do not to do sthsth., especially ., especially because of a promise, etc. because of a promise, etc. 承诺、担保承诺、担保承诺、担保承诺、担保 Signing this form commits Signing this form commits you to buying the goods. you to buying the go
15、ods. 你在此表格签名后就一定得你在此表格签名后就一定得你在此表格签名后就一定得你在此表格签名后就一定得买这批货。买这批货。买这批货。买这批货。 I am committed to taking part I am committed to taking part in the meeting.in the meeting.我答应参加这个会。我答应参加这个会。我答应参加这个会。我答应参加这个会。 5. 5. offence: n. offence: n. （1 1）C breaking of a rule orC breaking of a rule or law; illegal act;
16、 crime law; illegal act; crime 犯法，违法行为；罪行犯法，违法行为；罪行犯法，违法行为；罪行犯法，违法行为；罪行 Driving while drunk is a Driving while drunk is a serious offence. serious offence. 醉酒驾车属重罪。醉酒驾车属重罪。醉酒驾车属重罪。醉酒驾车属重罪。Because it was his first offence, Because it was his first offence, the punishment wasnt too the punishment wasn
17、t too severe.severe.因其初犯而获从轻惩处。因其初犯而获从轻惩处。因其初犯而获从轻惩处。因其初犯而获从轻惩处。 （2 2） U (an act or cause of) U (an act or cause of) upsetting or annoying upsetting or annoying ( (sbsb.); insult .); insult 使（某人）不悦、恼怒使（某人）不悦、恼怒使（某人）不悦、恼怒使（某人）不悦、恼怒 （的行为或原因）；冒犯（的行为或原因）；冒犯（的行为或原因）；冒犯（的行为或原因）；冒犯 The problem was how to g
18、et The problem was how to get rid of her without causing rid of her without causing offence.offence.问题是如何甩掉她而不触怒她。问题是如何甩掉她而不触怒她。问题是如何甩掉她而不触怒她。问题是如何甩掉她而不触怒她。 （3 3）派生词派生词派生词派生词offend offend vtvt. . 触怒、冒犯触怒、冒犯触怒、冒犯触怒、冒犯She was offended at / by his She was offended at / by his sexist remarks. sexist rem
19、arks. 他那些带性别歧视的话把她惹他那些带性别歧视的话把她惹他那些带性别歧视的话把她惹他那些带性别歧视的话把她惹恼了。恼了。恼了。恼了。 offender n. offender n. 冒犯者；犯法者冒犯者；犯法者冒犯者；犯法者冒犯者；犯法者offensive adj. offensive adj. 惹恼人的；惹恼人的；惹恼人的；惹恼人的；冒犯的；讨厌的，令人反感的冒犯的；讨厌的，令人反感的冒犯的；讨厌的，令人反感的冒犯的；讨厌的，令人反感的She finds tobacco smoke She finds tobacco smoke offensive. offensive. 她对烟草的
20、烟味很反感。她对烟草的烟味很反感。她对烟草的烟味很反感。她对烟草的烟味很反感。 6. 6. confirm: confirm: vtvt. . （1 1）provide evidence for the provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, report, an opinion, tectec. . ); ); establish the truth of establish the truth of 证实，证明（报告、意证实，证明（报
21、告、意证实，证明（报告、意证实，证明（报告、意 见等）的正确性；确认见等）的正确性；确认见等）的正确性；确认见等）的正确性；确认 The rumors of an attack were The rumors of an attack were later confirmed. later confirmed. 发动攻击的谣传后来得到了证发动攻击的谣传后来得到了证发动攻击的谣传后来得到了证发动攻击的谣传后来得到了证实。实。实。实。When asked, she confirmed When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire.th
22、at she was going to retire.有人问她时，她肯定了她将要有人问她时，她肯定了她将要有人问她时，她肯定了她将要有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。退休。退休。退休。 （2 2）make definite or establish make definite or establish more firmly (power, a more firmly (power, a position, etc.) position, etc.) 肯定，巩固或加强（权力、肯定，巩固或加强（权力、肯定，巩固或加强（权力、肯定，巩固或加强（权力、 地位等）地位等）地位等）地位等） Their a
23、dvice confirmed my Their advice confirmed my decision.decision.他们的劝告更加强了我的决心。他们的劝告更加强了我的决心。他们的劝告更加强了我的决心。他们的劝告更加强了我的决心。7. 7. conduct: conduct: vtvt. . （1 1）lead or guide (lead or guide (sbsb. / . / sthsth. ) . ) 领导；指导，引导领导；指导，引导领导；指导，引导领导；指导，引导 I ask the attendant to conduct I ask the attendant to c
24、onduct him to the door.him to the door.我让服务员领他到门口。我让服务员领他到门口。我让服务员领他到门口。我让服务员领他到门口。The guide conducted us round The guide conducted us round the castle.the castle.向导领着我们四处看了城堡。向导领着我们四处看了城堡。向导领着我们四处看了城堡。向导领着我们四处看了城堡。 （2 2）direct (direct (sthsth.); control; .); control; manage manage 指挥、控制；管理、经营指挥、控制；
25、管理、经营指挥、控制；管理、经营指挥、控制；管理、经营 conduct business, a conduct business, a meeting, negotiation, etc. meeting, negotiation, etc. 经营生意、主持会议、主经营生意、主持会议、主经营生意、主持会议、主经营生意、主持会议、主 持谈判等。持谈判等。持谈判等。持谈判等。 （3 3）指挥（乐队等）指挥（乐队等）指挥（乐队等）指挥（乐队等） He conducted the orchestra. He conducted the orchestra. 他指挥管弦乐团。他指挥管弦乐团。他指挥管弦乐
26、团。他指挥管弦乐团。 （4 4）导（电、热）导（电、热）导（电、热）导（电、热） Copper conducts electricity Copper conducts electricity better than other materials better than other materials do. do. 铜的导电性能比其他材料好铜的导电性能比其他材料好铜的导电性能比其他材料好铜的导电性能比其他材料好8. 8. witness: n.witness: n.（1 1）C (=eye-witness) a C (=eye-witness) a person person who se
27、es an event take who sees an event take place (and is therefore able place (and is therefore able to describe it to others) to describe it to others) 目击者目击者目击者目击者 I was a witness to their quarrel.I was a witness to their quarrel.我是他们吵架的目击者。我是他们吵架的目击者。我是他们吵架的目击者。我是他们吵架的目击者。 （2 2） C a person who gives
28、 C a person who gives evidence in a lawsuit evidence in a lawsuit after swearing to tell the after swearing to tell the truth truth （在法庭上经宣誓的）证人在法庭上经宣誓的）证人在法庭上经宣誓的）证人在法庭上经宣誓的）证人 I was called as a defense I was called as a defense witness.witness.我被传唤作被告证人。我被传唤作被告证人。我被传唤作被告证人。我被传唤作被告证人。 (3) (3) U;C w
29、hat is said about an U;C what is said about an event, especially in a lawsuit; event, especially in a lawsuit; (thing that serves as) (thing that serves as) testimony or evidence testimony or evidence 证词（尤指法庭中的）；证词（尤指法庭中的）；证词（尤指法庭中的）；证词（尤指法庭中的）； 证明；证据证明；证据证明；证据证明；证据His ragged clothes were (a) His ra
30、gged clothes were (a) witness to his poverty.witness to his poverty.他破烂的衣服是他贫穷的见证他破烂的衣服是他贫穷的见证他破烂的衣服是他贫穷的见证他破烂的衣服是他贫穷的见证（5 5）派生词）派生词）派生词）派生词 witness witness vtvt. . 见证；目击见证；目击见证；目击见证；目击 Did you witness the Did you witness the accident? accident? 你亲眼看到那次事故了你亲眼看到那次事故了你亲眼看到那次事故了你亲眼看到那次事故了 吗？吗？吗？吗？ 9. 9
31、. trial: n. C; Utrial: n. C; U（1 1）a legal process in which a a legal process in which a court of law examines a court of law examines a case to decide whether case to decide whether someone is guilty of a someone is guilty of a crime crime 审问，审讯，审理，审判审问，审讯，审理，审判审问，审讯，审理，审判审问，审讯，审理，审判 The defendant
32、claimed that he The defendant claimed that he had not had a fair trial.had not had a fair trial.被告声称未获公正审讯。被告声称未获公正审讯。被告声称未获公正审讯。被告声称未获公正审讯。The case comes to trial next The case comes to trial next month. month. 该案将于下月开庭审理。该案将于下月开庭审理。该案将于下月开庭审理。该案将于下月开庭审理。 （2 2）( (an act or process of ) an act or pr
33、ocess of ) testing the ability, quality, testing the ability, quality, performance, etc., of performance, etc., of sbsb. . or or sthsth. . （对能力、质量、性能等对能力、质量、性能等对能力、质量、性能等对能力、质量、性能等 的）测试，试验，考验的）测试，试验，考验的）测试，试验，考验的）测试，试验，考验 The company gives every job The company gives every job applicant a trial.appl
34、icant a trial.公司对每位求职者均进行测试公司对每位求职者均进行测试公司对每位求职者均进行测试公司对每位求职者均进行测试The new drug has undergone The new drug has undergone extensive medical trials.extensive medical trials.对这种新药已做了大量的医学对这种新药已做了大量的医学对这种新药已做了大量的医学对这种新药已做了大量的医学测验。测验。测验。测验。 （3 3）短语短语短语短语 on trial: being examined on trial: being examined a
35、nd tested and tested 在试验中；在测试中在试验中；在测试中在试验中；在测试中在试验中；在测试中 Take the machine on trial for a Take the machine on trial for a week.week.把这台机器拿去试用一个星期把这台机器拿去试用一个星期把这台机器拿去试用一个星期把这台机器拿去试用一个星期 Democracy itself is on trial as Democracy itself is on trial as the country prepares for its the country prepares f
36、or its first free election.first free election.这个国家准备进行首次自由选这个国家准备进行首次自由选这个国家准备进行首次自由选这个国家准备进行首次自由选举，民主制度本身正面临考验。举，民主制度本身正面临考验。举，民主制度本身正面临考验。举，民主制度本身正面临考验。 10. 10. dismiss:dismiss:vtvt. . (1) remove (1) remove sbsb. (especially . (especially an an employee) from a position employee) from a position
37、免除（职务）；开除，解免除（职务）；开除，解免除（职务）；开除，解免除（职务）；开除，解 雇雇雇雇 Bob was dismissed from his Bob was dismissed from his post.post.鲍勃被免职。鲍勃被免职。鲍勃被免职。鲍勃被免职。Will they dismiss Woods for Will they dismiss Woods for stealing the money ?stealing the money ?他们会不会因为伍兹偷钱而把他们会不会因为伍兹偷钱而把他们会不会因为伍兹偷钱而把他们会不会因为伍兹偷钱而把他开除？他开除？他开除？他开
38、除？ （2 2）consider consider sbsb. / . / sthsth. not . not worth thinking or talking worth thinking or talking about about 对某人对某人对某人对某人 / / 某事不予理会，某事不予理会，某事不予理会，某事不予理会， 不屑一提不屑一提不屑一提不屑一提 She was dismissed as a dreamer. She was dismissed as a dreamer. 人们认为她是个空想家而不予人们认为她是个空想家而不予人们认为她是个空想家而不予人们认为她是个空想家而不予理
39、睬。理睬。理睬。理睬。 He just laughed and dismissed He just laughed and dismissed my suggestion as unrealistic.my suggestion as unrealistic. 他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议 不现实而不屑一顾。不现实而不屑一顾。不现实而不屑一顾。不现实而不屑一顾。 （3 3）reject (a case, an appeal, reject (a case, an appeal, etc.) etc.) 驳回（诉讼案、上
40、诉等）驳回（诉讼案、上诉等）驳回（诉讼案、上诉等）驳回（诉讼案、上诉等） The case was dismissed owing The case was dismissed owing to lack of evidence.to lack of evidence.诉讼因缺少证据而遭驳回。诉讼因缺少证据而遭驳回。诉讼因缺少证据而遭驳回。诉讼因缺少证据而遭驳回。 （4 4）派生词派生词派生词派生词 dismissal. n. dismissal. n. 解雇解雇解雇解雇 The dismissals led to a The dismissals led to a strike. strik
41、e. 解雇工人导致了罢工。解雇工人导致了罢工。解雇工人导致了罢工。解雇工人导致了罢工。 11. 11. award: award: vtvt. . make an official decision to make an official decision to give give sthsth. to . to sbsb. as a prize, . as a prize, payment, or a punishment payment, or a punishment 颁发；授予；给与；判定颁发；授予；给与；判定颁发；授予；给与；判定颁发；授予；给与；判定 Einstein was aw
42、arded the Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in Nobel Prize for his work in quantum physics.quantum physics.爱因斯坦因其在量子力学方面爱因斯坦因其在量子力学方面爱因斯坦因其在量子力学方面爱因斯坦因其在量子力学方面的工作而被授予诺贝尔奖。的工作而被授予诺贝尔奖。的工作而被授予诺贝尔奖。的工作而被授予诺贝尔奖。 The court awarded (him) The court awarded (him) damages of $ 50,000. damages
43、 of $ 50,000. 法庭判给（他）法庭判给（他）法庭判给（他）法庭判给（他）50,00050,000美元损美元损美元损美元损害赔偿费。害赔偿费。害赔偿费。害赔偿费。 12. 12. given: taking given: taking sthsth. into . into account account 考虑到（某事物）考虑到（某事物）考虑到（某事物）考虑到（某事物） Given her interest in children / Given her interest in children / Given that she is interested in Given that
44、 she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.the right career for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。定教书是最适合她的职业。定教书是最适合她的职业。定教书是最适合她的职业。 13. 13. meanwhile: adv.meanwhile: adv. （修饰全句的副词）修饰全句的副词）修饰全句的副词
45、）修饰全句的副词）（1 1） in the period of time in the period of time between two events between two events 在间隔时间里在间隔时间里在间隔时间里在间隔时间里 The flight will be announced The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile, please soon. Meanwhile, please remain seated. remain seated. 等候的航班即将报港。这段等候的航班即将报港。这段等候的航班即将报港。这段等候的航班即
46、将报港。这段时间内请坐着别动。时间内请坐着别动。时间内请坐着别动。时间内请坐着别动。 Theyll be here in ten Theyll be here in ten minutes. Meanwhile, well minutes. Meanwhile, well have some coffee.have some coffee.他们过十分钟就到。在他们他们过十分钟就到。在他们他们过十分钟就到。在他们他们过十分钟就到。在他们到来之前我们先喝点咖啡。到来之前我们先喝点咖啡。到来之前我们先喝点咖啡。到来之前我们先喝点咖啡。 （2 2）while while sthsth. else is
47、 happening . else is happening ( (与此与此与此与此) ) 同时同时同时同时 Jim went to answer the Jim went to answer the phone. Meanwhile Betty phone. Meanwhile Betty started to prepare the lunch.started to prepare the lunch.吉姆去回电话。与此同时，吉姆去回电话。与此同时，吉姆去回电话。与此同时，吉姆去回电话。与此同时，贝蒂开始准备午餐。贝蒂开始准备午餐。贝蒂开始准备午餐。贝蒂开始准备午餐。 I went to
48、college. Meanwhile I went to college. Meanwhile all my friends got well-paid all my friends got well-paid jobs.jobs.我上大学去了，那时候我的我上大学去了，那时候我的我上大学去了，那时候我的我上大学去了，那时候我的朋友全都找到了收入不错的朋友全都找到了收入不错的朋友全都找到了收入不错的朋友全都找到了收入不错的工作。工作。工作。工作。 （3 3）used to compare two things used to compare two things that are happeni
49、ng at the that are happening at the same time same time 而与此同时而与此同时而与此同时而与此同时 The incomes of male The incomes of male professionals went up by almost professionals went up by almost 80%. Meanwhile, part-time 80%. Meanwhile, part-time women workers saw their women workers saw their earnings fall.earni
50、ngs fall.职业男性的收入增长几乎达到职业男性的收入增长几乎达到职业男性的收入增长几乎达到职业男性的收入增长几乎达到80%80%，而与此同时，临时女工却，而与此同时，临时女工却，而与此同时，临时女工却，而与此同时，临时女工却眼瞅着收入下降。眼瞅着收入下降。眼瞅着收入下降。眼瞅着收入下降。 14. 14. complain: v. complain: v. （1 1）say that one is dissatisfied, say that one is dissatisfied, unhappy, etc. unhappy, etc. 投诉、抱怨，诉苦，发牢骚投诉、抱怨，诉苦，发牢骚投
51、诉、抱怨，诉苦，发牢骚投诉、抱怨，诉苦，发牢骚 （常贬义）（常贬义）（常贬义）（常贬义） People complain that they dont People complain that they dont get enough information.get enough information.民众抱怨他们了解的情况不够。民众抱怨他们了解的情况不够。民众抱怨他们了解的情况不够。民众抱怨他们了解的情况不够。 Neighbors complained to the Neighbors complained to the police about the dogs barking.poli
52、ce about the dogs barking.左邻右舍向警方投诉他家狗叫。左邻右舍向警方投诉他家狗叫。左邻右舍向警方投诉他家狗叫。左邻右舍向警方投诉他家狗叫。 （2 2）派生词：派生词：派生词：派生词： complaint n. complaint n. 投诉，抱怨，诉苦，投诉，抱怨，诉苦，投诉，抱怨，诉苦，投诉，抱怨，诉苦， 发牢骚（常贬义）发牢骚（常贬义）发牢骚（常贬义）发牢骚（常贬义） You have no grounds for You have no grounds for complaint. complaint. 你没有理由抱怨。你没有理由抱怨。你没有理由抱怨。你没有理由
53、抱怨。 Weve received a lot of Weve received a lot of complaints complaints of bad workmanship.of bad workmanship.很多人向我们投诉产品的工艺低很多人向我们投诉产品的工艺低很多人向我们投诉产品的工艺低很多人向我们投诉产品的工艺低劣。劣。劣。劣。 15. 15. apologize: apologize: （1 1）v. say one is sorry v. say one is sorry 道歉；赔不是道歉；赔不是道歉；赔不是道歉；赔不是 （to to sbsb. .）(for (for
54、sthsth.) .) I must apologize for not being I must apologize for not being able to meet you.able to meet you.我因为没能接你而向你道歉。我因为没能接你而向你道歉。我因为没能接你而向你道歉。我因为没能接你而向你道歉。 （2 2）派生词：派生词：派生词：派生词：apologyapology n. n. （to to sbsb. .）(for (for sthsth.) .) statement to say one is sorry for statement to say one is so
55、rry for having done wrong or hurt having done wrong or hurt sbssbs feelings feelings 道歉；谢罪；认错道歉；谢罪；认错道歉；谢罪；认错道歉；谢罪；认错offer / make / accept an apology offer / make / accept an apology 道歉道歉道歉道歉 / / 致歉致歉致歉致歉 / / 接受道歉接受道歉接受道歉接受道歉 I made my apologies (to my host) I made my apologies (to my host) and left
56、 early. and left early. 我（向主人）道过歉后提早离去。我（向主人）道过歉后提早离去。我（向主人）道过歉后提早离去。我（向主人）道过歉后提早离去。 . . Information Related Information Related To The TextTo The Text The sixties “youth counterculture” The sixties “youth counterculture” The word “counterculture” was The word “counterculture” was coined in the 1960
57、s for the attitude and coined in the 1960s for the attitude and life style of many young people who life style of many young people who rejected conventional social values and rejected conventional social values and demanded more personal freedom. The demanded more personal freedom. The countercultu
58、re first arose in the U.S. counterculture first arose in the U.S. during the 1960s and soon spread to during the 1960s and soon spread to Britain, France and other western Britain, France and other western countries. These young people werecountries. These young people wereopposed to the Vietnam War
59、 and opposed to the Vietnam War and dissatisfied with the existing state of dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs in their society. Yet, unable to find affairs in their society. Yet, unable to find a more constructive way of struggling a more constructive way of struggling against these, t
60、hey indulged themselves against these, they indulged themselves in sex, drugs, alcohol and rock music and in sex, drugs, alcohol and rock music and took great pride in wearing long hair took great pride in wearing long hair and unusual clothes and in taking up and unusual clothes and in taking up an
61、ything that was unconventional. The anything that was unconventional. The counterculture declined in the late counterculture declined in the late 1970s.1970s. 英国经历二战重创、战后经济繁荣和国英国经历二战重创、战后经济繁荣和国英国经历二战重创、战后经济繁荣和国英国经历二战重创、战后经济繁荣和国际地位的迅速下降，到际地位的迅速下降，到际地位的迅速下降，到际地位的迅速下降，到6060年代中后期，年代中后期，年代中后期，年代中后期，整个社会已
62、经完全是另一幅景象。当时整个社会已经完全是另一幅景象。当时整个社会已经完全是另一幅景象。当时整个社会已经完全是另一幅景象。当时的青年人当中反主流文化思潮盛行。许的青年人当中反主流文化思潮盛行。许的青年人当中反主流文化思潮盛行。许的青年人当中反主流文化思潮盛行。许多青年人对当时的社会状况极端不满，多青年人对当时的社会状况极端不满，多青年人对当时的社会状况极端不满，多青年人对当时的社会状况极端不满，却又无力改变，他们转而沉溺于酒色、却又无力改变，他们转而沉溺于酒色、却又无力改变，他们转而沉溺于酒色、却又无力改变，他们转而沉溺于酒色、毒品、摇滚乐，他们披长发、穿异装，毒品、摇滚乐，他们披长发、穿异装，毒品、摇滚乐，他们披长发、穿异装，毒品、摇滚乐，他们披长发、穿异装，凡是与传统的价值观背道而驰的东西他凡是与传统的价值观背道而驰的东西他凡是与传统的价值观背道而驰的东西他凡是与传统的价值观背道而驰的东西他们全都接纳。们全都接纳。们全都接纳。们全都接纳。
