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1、Chapter 12Respiratory SystemActivity 1: Choose the ones that air passes through during breathing and arrange them in the right order 1.alveolar sac2.diaphragm3.intercostal muscles4.trachea5.nostrils6.bronchi7.pleural cavity8.nasal cavities1.laryngopharynx2.nasopharynx3.oropharynx4.visceral pleura5.p
2、arietal pleura6.mediastinum7.bronchiole8.alveolar ductThe right orderlnostrils nasal cavities nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx trachea bronchi bronchiole alveolar duct alveolar sacdiaphragm / intercostal muscles / pleural cavity / visceral pleura / parietal pleura / mediastinumRespiratory funct
3、ionventilationGas exchangeAirway Respiratory muscleAir volumeEffective capillary bedAirway pressure gradientRespiratory Function Testn Spirometry肺量测定法,呼吸量测定法n Airway resistance & compliancen Diffusion capacityn (肺弥散量 )n Exercise respiratory function testSpirometry TermsnVC (vital capacity) 【P116】 nT
4、V (tidal volume) 【P116】 nFEV1(1st second forced expiratory volume) 【P116】 nERV (expiratory reserve volume) 【P？】 nIRV (inspiratory reserve volume) 【P？】 nIC (inspiratory capacity) 【P114】 Static parameters静态参数nTLC (total lung capacity) 【P116】 nRV (residual volume) 【P?】 nFRC (functional residual capacit
5、y) 【P114】 Diffusion abnormality:nInterstitial lung diseases 【P?】 nPulmonary edema 【P116】 nPulmonary vascular disorders 【P116】 Physical examination of the chest视诊inspectionrespiratory frequencyrespiratory frequency 1. tachypnea 1. tachypnea 【P113】 2424次次/ /分分 2. 2. bradypneabradypnea 【P110】 12expecto
6、ration 【P113】 Characters:mucoid: produced with many acute or chronic infectionspurulent: contains WBC pieces and necrotic tissue blood-stainedwith special odor anaerobic infection rusty：Pneumococcal pneumoniaserous： alveolar carcinomaCommonly Seen Respiratory Symptomshemoptysis 【P111】 Blood originat
7、ing below the level of the larynx that being coughed outfrom blood-tinged sputum to massive gross bloodnot hematemesis （ vomited out ）Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptomsdyspnea 【P111】 Inspiratory dyspnea Expiratory dyspnea Mixed dyspneaCardiac dyspnea Symptoms of congestive heart failure can cause or
8、thopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea when elevated-filling pressure is present. orthopnea【112】difficulty in breathing in the supine positionrelieved by sitting up, which reduces the degree of pulmonary congestion by pooling blood in the lower extremities and lowering left ventricular filling pre
9、ssures, improving the diaphragmatic movement, increasing vital capacityparoxysmal nocturnal dyspneaSymptoms: Awaking short of breath at nightOften obtaining relief by sitting up for a period of timeIn the most advanced cases, the patients become acutely dyspneic, cyanotic and very frequently produce
10、 foamy sputum tinged with bloodparoxysmal nocturnal dyspneaSignsMoist rales at the both lung basesTachycardiaWheezingBronchospasm【P110】Activity 2: Find their English Equivalent for the following common respiratory conditions1.慢性阻塞性肺病2.百日咳3.胸膜炎4.气胸5.气管炎6.白喉7.支气管炎8.声带炎9.血胸， 胸腔积血10.喘鸣1.肺气肿，气肿2.鼻出血，鼻衄3.
11、脓胸4.缺氧5.喉炎6.胸膜积水7.血氧不足8.胸膜痛9.肺出血10.肺炎11.鼻炎Activity 2: Find their English Equivalent for the following common respiratory conditions1.慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) /chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)2.百日咳pertussis /whooping cough3.胸膜炎pleurisy4.气胸pneumothorax5.气管炎tracheitis6
12、.白喉diphtheria7.支气管炎 bronchitis8.声带炎 chorditis9.血胸， 胸腔积血hemothorax / hemathorax10.喘鸣 stridor1.肺气肿，气肿 emphysema2.鼻出血，鼻衄 epistaxis3.脓胸pyothorax4.缺氧anoxia5.喉炎laryngitis6.胸膜积水hydrothorax7.血氧不足hypoxemia8.胸膜痛 pleuralgia / pleurodynia9.肺出血 pneumorrhagia10.肺炎pneumonia11.鼻炎rhinitisActivity 3: Translate the Fo
13、llowing into English.本品可快速缓解下列疾病所致症状：本品可快速缓解下列疾病所致症状：过敏性鼻炎过敏性鼻炎 过敏性皮炎过敏性皮炎 过敏性哮喘过敏性哮喘适应症：适应症：用于慢性鼻炎、季节性过敏性鼻炎用于慢性鼻炎、季节性过敏性鼻炎(枯枯草热草热)、慢性特发性（、慢性特发性（idiopathic）荨麻疹和其）荨麻疹和其他与组胺相关的皮肤疾病如搔痒等；本品还可快他与组胺相关的皮肤疾病如搔痒等；本品还可快速缓解流涕、打喷嚏、哮喘和皮疹。速缓解流涕、打喷嚏、哮喘和皮疹。禁忌症：禁忌症：禁用于对其成分过敏者及哺乳妇女。禁用于对其成分过敏者及哺乳妇女。副作用：副作用：可有轻微一过性的副作用如头痛、晕眩、可有轻微一过性的副作用如头痛、晕眩、昏睡、兴奋、口干和胃肠道不适等昏睡、兴奋、口干和胃肠道不适等剂量和服用方法：剂量和服用方法：成人和成人和12岁以上的儿童：每岁以上的儿童：每天一片，每片天一片，每片10毫克。毫克。
