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1、The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1限限制制性性定定语语从从句句是是先先行行词词在在意意义义上上不不可可缺缺少少的的定定语语，如如果果去去掉掉，主主句句的的意意思思就就不不完完整整或或失失去去意意义义。这这种种从从句句和和主主句句的的关关系系十十分分密密切切，写写时时不不用用逗逗号号分分开。开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如：如：Toronto is a city (that) I ve alway
2、s wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年年10月月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。2非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句和和主主句句关关系系不不十十分分密密切切，只只是是对对先先行行词词作作些些附附加加的的说说明明, 如如果果去去掉掉, 主主句句的的意意思思仍仍然然清清楚楚。这这种种从从句句和和主主句句之之间间往往往往用用逗逗号号分分开开，一一般般不不
3、用用that引引导导。非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中，关关系词不可省略系词不可省略。如：。如：a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句The town where I live is beautiful.Zhe rong, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is
4、 kind, is popular with the students.Please compare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Zherong , where I live, is beaut
5、iful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句The town where I live is beautiful.Zherong, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.Please compare:形式形式作用作用翻译翻译
6、限制性定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释能能不能不能.的的能否省略能否省略3.3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由常由whichwhich引导。引导。egeg. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, . A middle-aged woman killed
7、her husband, which frightened me very much.which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由主句，此时应由whichwhich引导定语从句。引导定语从句。egeg. A five-year-old boy can speak two . A five-year-old boy
8、can speak two foreign languages, foreign languages, which surprises all which surprises all the people present.the people present.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。人感到非常惊讶。析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由
9、whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。4.as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.ItwhichAsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as w
10、e planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following se
11、ntences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)5、除which外,还可用when, where, who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。例如:After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学
12、生活。6.6.关系代词关系代词whomwhom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用whowho代替代替whomwhom，但但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用不可用whowho来代替来代替。eg.Thiseg.This is the girl is the girl whom I met in the street.whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的女孩。这是我在街上遇到的女孩。先行词先行词the girlthe girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用whowho代替代替whom
13、whom。eg.Aeg.A young man had a new girl friend, young man had a new girl friend, whom whom he wanted to impress.he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。下深刻印象。先行词先行词a new girl frienda new girl friend在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用作宾语，不可用whowho代替代替whomwhom。7. 比较：比较：a) She has
14、 two brothers who are working in the city. She has more than two brothers.她有两个在这个城市工作的她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟弟弟。b) She has two brothers, who are working in the city. She has only two brothers.她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。下下面面两两个个句句子子只只有有一一个个逗逗号号之之差差，意意义义大大相相径径庭。庭。a) He will wear no clothes which will ma
15、ke him different from others. 他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。 b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others. 他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。8.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.which
