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1、ClozeCloze1ClozeCloze一一. .完形填空完形填空(Cloze test)的内涵意思是什么的内涵意思是什么？ Cloze test直译为中文后，其意为直译为中文后，其意为“闭合，使闭合，使完整完整”。这项考题的理论基础是：将人们对。这项考题的理论基础是：将人们对事物全部、完整的理解看作是一个闭合的圆，事物全部、完整的理解看作是一个闭合的圆，则圆上的任意两点之间都有着逻辑上的关系。则圆上的任意两点之间都有着逻辑上的关系。如果从这个圆上任意挖去一点或数点，应该可如果从这个圆上任意挖去一点或数点，应该可以根据这种内在的逻辑关系将其推导还原出来，以根据这种内在的逻辑关系将其推导还原出
2、来，最终使其闭合，恢复成一个完整的圆，即将人最终使其闭合，恢复成一个完整的圆，即将人们对事物的理解重新还原。们对事物的理解重新还原。2ClozeCloze二、完形填空试题的考点效度二、完形填空试题的考点效度完形填空试题分为四个考点层次：完形填空试题分为四个考点层次：单词（单词（word=W）层次）层次词组（词组（phrase=P）层次）层次句子（句子（sentence= S）层次）层次语篇（语篇（discourse=D）层次）层次3ClozeCloze三三. .完形填空题型主要考查考生哪完形填空题型主要考查考生哪些些 方面的能力？方面的能力？ 选择型完形填空选择型完形填空是一种综合性比较强的是
3、一种综合性比较强的题型，它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力题型，它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力考查为一体。其中包括对语法、句型、习考查为一体。其中包括对语法、句型、习惯用语的运用，对词汇、句子以及文章的惯用语的运用，对词汇、句子以及文章的理解和逻辑推理，对作者意图的把握等能理解和逻辑推理，对作者意图的把握等能力的考查。力的考查。4ClozeCloze四四. .近几年完形填空命题有近几年完形填空命题有 哪些特点？哪些特点？1)1)文章题材、体裁广泛，故事性、文章题材、体裁广泛，故事性、 趣味性强，结构完整、内容贴近趣味性强，结构完整、内容贴近 生活实际，符合初中生阅读心理生活实际，符合初中生阅读心理
4、 和认知规律，文章首句不设空。和认知规律，文章首句不设空。5ClozeCloze2)2)遵循遵循“以实词为主，虚词为辅，以实词为主，虚词为辅， 突出词汇考查语境化突出词汇考查语境化”的命题的命题 原则。原则。3)3)侧重考查考生把握全文，根据侧重考查考生把握全文，根据 上下文的逻辑关系进行综合分上下文的逻辑关系进行综合分 析、推理判断等运用英语的能析、推理判断等运用英语的能 力的题目比例逐年上升。力的题目比例逐年上升。6ClozeCloze文章在结构上有层次感，叙述文章在结构上有层次感，叙述上有跌宕起伏的过程，描写上上有跌宕起伏的过程，描写上有作者的心理变化和感受。既有作者的心理变化和感受。既
5、体现了一定的人生哲理和教育体现了一定的人生哲理和教育意义，又不失幽默和趣味性，意义，又不失幽默和趣味性，同时要有严密的逻辑性。文字同时要有严密的逻辑性。文字的难度应稍容易于阅读题。的难度应稍容易于阅读题。7ClozeCloze在选项设计上，一般仍为一个在选项设计上，一般仍为一个单词伴之有一两组短语动词或单词伴之有一两组短语动词或动词词组。每小题所给的四个动词词组。每小题所给的四个选项一般都属于相同或对等的选项一般都属于相同或对等的词类，属同一范畴；错误选项词类，属同一范畴；错误选项与空前与空前,空后词语也大多可以形空后词语也大多可以形成搭配，这样就避免了以语法成搭配，这样就避免了以语法形式进行
6、判断的解题思路。形式进行判断的解题思路。8ClozeCloze1.Mr Black is a doctor, he works in the _.hospital nightno / littlepass butChallenge Yourself2.A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy, so he has _time to have lunch at home.4.We have an English test this term, its very easy, m
7、ost students can _this test. 5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday, they were very tired _happy.9ClozeClozeSkill 1：context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境） In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his _16_. His music was so great that many people put m
8、oney into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual. 16. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. saxviolinviolin10ClozeClozeSkill 1：context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境） Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）（大臣）. Suddenly, he came up with an idea
9、. He asked, “How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?” . as big as the pool, there is one basket of water41. A. fish B. flowers C. water D. applesbasket of waterwaterbaskets of11ClozeCloze When we talked, I discovered（发现）（发现） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example
10、, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _44_ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. 44. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. laterfiftySkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）forty-five12ClozeClozeSkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理） My mother often asked me，“What is the most i
11、mportant part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 17 ，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋（聋的）的）17. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. headsounddeaf13ClozeCloze When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,
12、 in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking48. A. for B. of C. with D. topay attentiontoSkill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）14ClozeClozeSkill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配） In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond
13、was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea 48 that man. 48. A. with B. to C. as D. ofthe sameas15ClozeClozeSkill 4：grammar analysis（语法分析）（语法分析） As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think Ill also make many good 25 and l
14、ive with them, because I dont like living alone. 25. A. friend B. friends C. friends D. friendsmanys16ClozeClozeSkill 5：background knowledge（背景知识）（背景知识） All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for pe
15、ople to swim in swimming pools. 32. A. all B. none C. some D. both17ClozeCloze1 1、context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境）3、regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）2、logic（逻辑）（逻辑）Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧)4、grammar analysis（语法分析）（语法分析）5、background knowledge（背景知识）（背景知识）18ClozeClozeSteps of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题步骤
16、完形填空的解题步骤)跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案瞻前顾后，瞻前顾后，先易后难，先易后难，各个击破各个击破2mins10mins2minsStep 1：Read-thoughStep 2：Easy first, hard laterStep 3: Re-read and check19ClozeClozeTips to Close Test:Tips to Close Test: 1 1注重首、尾句。注重首、尾句。 2 2克服畏难、急躁情绪克服畏难、急躁情绪, ,耐心通读全文。耐心通读全文。 3 3切勿看到一个空
17、格就急着选出一个答切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答 案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。 4 4动笔时先易后难动笔时先易后难, ,注意从文中同样结构或注意从文中同样结构或 类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5 5如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从 语篇语篇( (前提示、后暗示前提示、后暗示) )意义上加以鉴别。意义上加以鉴别。20ClozeCloze五注意事项五注意事项1.1.克服畏惧心理，做到平心静气克服畏惧心理，做到平心静气2.2.快速阅读全文，了解文章大意快速阅读全文，了解文章大意3.3.正确运用语法，理顺文章关系正确运用语法，理顺文章关系4.4.借助已补空缺，重新细读全文借助已补空缺，重新细读全文5.5.再次通读全文，确保准确无误再次通读全文，确保准确无误21ClozeCloze Close tests are interesting and challenging, though difficult.22个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论
