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1、An English Course for Master Students of Engineering 工程硕士研究生英语工程硕士研究生英语lecturer:许莹15853159272 山东大学大学外语教学部山东大学大学外语教学部 2012授课课程及授课范围教材1：工程硕士研究生英语教程学习范围：总共7个单元Lecture:Unit1,Unit3,Unit13,LearningOnline:Unit4,Unit9,Unit10,Uni14教材2：英语听力教程1Lecture:Unit1.4，7-8，11-12AutonomousLearning:Unit3,4,5,6,9,10教材3：工程硕
2、士研究生英语教程（测试习题集）学习范围：Test1-8（总共8套习题）Lecture：Test1,3,4,6,75.26答疑（12 hours）（12 hours）（12 hours）（4 hours）网上学习的路径考试题型和复习范围考试题型和复习范围听力理解听力理解 （20p）基本题型：填空式听写；短文听力理解（选择题）词汇与结构（词汇与结构（20p）基本题型：选择题40个。课文中、测试习题中所学重点词汇和结构。阅读理解（阅读理解（45p）基本题型：短文理解（6个短篇；选择题）。复习范围为测试习题前8套阅读理解部分。短文写作（短文写作（15p）提纲式作文。字数不少于150字。考试时间：6月2
3、日14:0016:30。中心校区理科综合楼.(听力考试使用耳机请自备)Warm-upQuestions:Warm-upQuestions:1. 1.Whatwasyourfirstjob?Whatwasyourfirstjob?2. 2.IsyourfirstjobthesameoneasyouhaveIsyourfirstjobthesameoneasyouhavenow?now?3. 3.Didyoulikeyourfirstjob?Why(not)?Didyoulikeyourfirstjob?Why(not)?4. 4.Hasyourfirstjobbenefitedyouinanyw
4、ay?Hasyourfirstjobbenefitedyouinanyway?Pleasemakeabriefexplanation.Pleasemakeabriefexplanation.Part A Text My First JobUnitOneTwonotedAmericansexplainwhyTwonotedAmericansexplainwhyitsnotwhatyouearnitswhatyoulearnitsnotwhatyouearnitswhatyoulearnMy First JobMy First Job The Auto Prepper The CashierRea
5、ding Comprehension The Auto Prepper1.Howdidtheauthorsparentsfeelaboutpeoplewhodidntworkregularly?2.Howdidtheauthormanagetogethisjobback?3.Didpersistenceandhardworkbenefittheauthorinhislaterjob? The Cashier1.Didtheauthorprefertosavemoneyorspendmoney?Howdoyouknow?2.Whatstheimportantlessontheauthorlear
6、nsfromherfirstjob?3.Inwhichfieldistheauthornowworking? How did the authors parents feel about people who didnt work regularly? They couldnt understand those people. Because they both lived through the Great Depression, and had a very strong work ethic.The Great Depression:The Great Depression: theec
7、onomicrecessiontheeconomicrecessionorfinancialcrashspreadoverNorthAmerican,orfinancialcrashspreadoverNorthAmerican,Europeandotherindustrialcountriesfrom1929toEuropeandotherindustrialcountriesfrom1929to1939.1939.Notes:TheGreatDepressionof1929wastheresultofthecollapseTheGreatDepressionof1929wastheresu
8、ltofthecollapseoftheUSstockmarket(WallStreetCrash).AfterWorldoftheUSstockmarket(WallStreetCrash).AfterWorldWarI,asproductionincreasedthroughthepostwardecade,WarI,asproductionincreasedthroughthepostwardecade,profitsdidntgotothoseintheeconomywhomightprofitsdidntgotothoseintheeconomywhomightconsumethep
9、roduct,buttothewealthyfewwhooftenconsumetheproduct,buttothewealthyfewwhooftenreinvestedinplantandmachinerytoproduceevenmore.reinvestedinplantandmachinerytoproduceevenmore.Overseasmarketswerelimitedtoo,bythefactthatmostOverseasmarketswerelimitedtoo,bythefactthatmostEuropeannationswerepovertystrickenE
10、uropeannationswerepovertystricken（极度贫困）极度贫困） asaasaresultofthewarandwereheavilyindebttotheUSA.resultofthewarandwereheavilyindebttotheUSA.Therefore,inventoriesTherefore,inventories( (存货）存货）ofnewcarsofnewcarsandotherconsumergoodswerehighbyandotherconsumergoodswerehighby1929;bankfailureswerecommon;1929
11、;bankfailureswerecommon;speculationranrampant,andatlastthespeculationranrampant,andatlasttheeconomycrashed.economycrashed.“I worked until five or six oclock on school days and put in 12-hour days during the summer as a prepper.” (Line 6)Paraphrase:Paraphrase: Icleanedandbrightenedcarsduringthedayswh
12、enIhadschoolandleftworkatfiveorsixoclock;duringthesummer,Ispent12hoursworkingeachday.put in sth. : devote(time,effort,etc)toeg.Thankyouforallthehardworkyouveputin.谢谢你的这一切努力。Imustputinanhoursgardeningthisevening.今晚我必须干一小时的园艺活。“Startled, I dropped them all. He fired me on the spot.” (Line 12)Paraphras
13、e:Paraphrase: Idroppedallthehubcapsforbeingstartled.Thegeneralmanagerfiredmeimmediately.on the spot: thenandthere,immediatelyeg.Shewashitbyafallingtreeandkilledonthespot.她被一棵倒了的树砸中，当场死亡。startled:thepastparticipleisusedasanadverbial,indicatingthereason. eg. Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她
14、很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。 “One day, carrying an armful of hubcaps around a corner, I almost bumped into our new general manager.” (Line 11) How did the author manage to get his job back? He wrote to Henry Ford II and got help from him. (Eventually the owner of the dealership called, “I dont know who you
15、 know in Detroit, but if you want your job back, you got it.”)Notes:Detroit:Detroit: thelargestcityinMichigan,well-knownthelargestcityinMichigan,well-knownas“AutomobileCapitaloftheWorld”or“Motoras“AutomobileCapitaloftheWorld”or“MotorCity”.City”. Did persistence and hard work benefit the author in hi
16、s later job? Yes. They won him a position at a Rolls-Royce dealership. (Later, during college, I wanted to work at a Rolls-Royce dealership, but the owner said there were no opening. So I started washing cars there anyway. When the owner noticed me, I said I was working until he hired me. He did.) S
17、he preferred to save money. The evidence is “Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.”rewarding:rewarding: worthdoing,satisfyingworthdoing,satisfyingegeg.Gardeningisaveryrewardingpastime.Gardeningisaveryrewardingpastime.园艺劳动是非常有益的消遣。园艺劳动是非常有益的消遣。Notes:Did the auth
18、or prefer to save money or spend money? How do you know? Anything I could have bought:“Icouldhavebought”是定语从句，修饰“anything”。它本身又运用了虚拟语气， 表示与过去事实相反的状况。Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtomeantheauthorwassatisfiedtowatchhermoneygrow(tosavemoney)anddidnotbuyanythingwiththemoney.Notes: 语法语法语法语法总结总结总结总结if 从句从句虚拟语气的
19、三种时态变化。虚拟语气的三种时态变化。(1) 将来将来：Ifshould/wereto,would/should/could/mightdo 现在：现在：Ifdid/were,would/should/could/mightdo 过去过去：Ifhaddone,would/should/could/mighthavedone(2) 倒装：倒装： 若若if从句中有从句中有should，were (to)，had，可省略可省略if, 并相应把并相应把 should，were，had提前。提前。Everything_(bedestroyed)ifAlberthadntcalledthefirebrig
20、ade.Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the subjective Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the subjective mood.mood.ExerciseExercise“IfIhadntpracticedwhenIwasyounger,”themusiciansays,“I_(notbe)abletoplaysowellnow.”wouldhavebeendestroyedwouldntbe_(heleave)today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.Werehetoleave
21、Ifmanwerenotaggressivebynature,he_(be)happierbutlesscreative.wouldbeWhats the important lesson the author learns from her job as a salesperson? “To be a successful sales person, you didnt need to be a rocket scientist you needed to be a great listener.”“I took a genuine interest in their questions a
22、nd was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas.” (Line 37)Paraphrase:Paraphrase: Iwasveryinterestedinthesequestionsandwasabletounderstandwhattheywantedandadvisethemonhowtomakeupsoastoachievethedesiredeffect.translate sth1. into sth2: express(ideas,feeling)inadifferentform把用另一种形式表现出来。eg.
23、Itstimetotranslateourideasintoaction.我们该把思想变为行动了。“I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.” (Line 38)Paraphrase:Paraphrase: Atlast,Isetuparecordinsellingcosmetics.end up: tofinish(inaparticularway) 1. + adj. 2. + doing: 3. + in sth.:eg.Ifhegoesondrivinglikethat,hellendupdead.eg.Atfirstherefu
24、sedtoacceptanyresponsibility,butheendedupapologizing.eg.Ifyoucontinuetosteal,youwillendupinprison.In which field is the author now working? Toy making. “ Today, I listen to customers they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.”See designed and developed: Thepa
25、stparticiples“designed”and“developed”aretheobjectcomplementsof“see”(inthestructure“see sth. done”).eg.Itissaidshesawthestorerobbed.据说她看见了商店被抢。Paint it black. The judge ruled her out of order. I saw the Prime Minister sleeping.“Two noted Americans explain why its not what you earn its what you learn”
26、 (Subtitle)Analysis: ellipticalsentence.TwonotedAmericansexplainwhyitsnotwhatyouearnbutwhatyoulearnthatmakesthefirstjobimportant.Paraphrase: Whatmakesthefirstjobimportantisnotthemoneyyouearnbutthelessonyoulearnfromit.TwofamousAmericansexplainthereasonwiththeirstories.polishthewriting/translationNew
27、Words & Phrasespolish vt. (Line 7) cause to become smooth and shining by rubbing 磨光，擦亮；磨光，擦亮； improve by correcting, making small changes or adding new material 修正，修改，修饰，润色。修正，修改，修饰，润色。PracticePractice擦鞋 / 擦鞋器修改作文 / 润色翻译polishtheshoes/shoespolisherWouldyoupleasereplacethebooksontheshelf?Wouldyouplea
28、sereplacethebooksontheshelf?replace: vt. (Line 9) put back in its place 将（某物）放回原处；将（某物）放回原处； take the place of 代替，取代。代替，取代。请把书放回书架，可以吗？打完电话请把话筒放好。给破了的窗户换块新玻璃。Replacethereceiveraftertelephoning,please.Replacethereceiveraftertelephoning,please.Robotsarereplacingpeopleonassemblylines.Robotsarereplacing
29、peopleonassemblylines.机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人。ReplaceabrokenwindowReplaceabrokenwindowwithwithanewone.anewone.armfulsofflowers一抱一抱的花儿携带着成抱的书Similarword-formation:handful/mouthful/spoonfularmful armful n. (Line 11) 一抱一抱PracticePracticecarryingbooksbythearmful against / into sth.Inthedark,Ibumpedintoachair.bu
30、mponesheadontheceilingbump v.(Line 11) knock, strike, collide with sth. 敲击，与某物相撞敲击，与某物相撞; hit or knock sth. esp.a part of the body 碰撞碰撞. sth. (against / on sth.)CompareitwithCompareitwithinsist oninsist on. .Ifyoupersist,youwillannoythemevenmore.eg.Iinsistonyourtakingimmediateactiontoputthisright.pe
31、rsistence persistence n. (Line 22) persist:persist: v. continue to do sth. (in sth. / in doing sth.) 坚持坚持Hepersistedinridingthatdreadfulbicycle.如果坚持，你会让他们更生气。他坚持骑那辆破自行车。(require or demand forcefully)我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。Otherexamples:outlive=livelongerthanoutdo=domoreorbetterthanoutgrow=growlargerthan
32、outweigh=begreaterinweight,value,importancethanoutwork outwork vt. (Line 23) do better work thando better work than 工作比工作比工作比工作比做的更好做的更好做的更好做的更好/ / / /快快快快/ / / /勤勤勤勤Theprefix“out-“means“surpassing,toagreaterextent.”Theprefix“out-“means“surpassing,toagreaterextent.”ExampleExampleIhavealwaysbelievedI
33、couldntbeoutworked.我一直相信，谁也不会比我干得更好。PracticePracticeFill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the list. Change the form if necessary.outdo outlive outgrow outweighMyseven-year-oldhadnewshoesinAprilandhesalready_them.Johnwasunableto_hisoldersisterattennis.Hisfather_hismotherbyeighteenyears.The
34、medicalbenefitsofX-raysfar_theriskofhavingthem.outdooutlivedoutgrownoutweighset upset up (Line 29) to establish, build or raiseto establish, build or raise 建立，开创，竖起建立，开创，竖起建立，开创，竖起建立，开创，竖起PracticePractice设立基金竖起纪念碑创下新世界纪录创建工作组setupamonumentsetupafundsetupaworkingpartysetup anewworldrecordPracticePrac
35、ticehandle handle v. (Line 32) deal with, manage 处理，对付处理，对付Fragilehandlewithcare.Washyourhandsbeforeyouhandlefood.Anofficermustknowhowtohandlehismen.易碎，小心轻放。拿食物前先洗手。当军官的应当懂得怎样统帅士兵。promotemutualunderstanding/friendshippromote vt.(Line 34) raise to a higher position or rank 提升，提拔提升，提拔； encourage or su
36、pport 增进，鼓励。增进，鼓励。 sb. ( to sth. )Thisfootballteamispromotedtothefirstdivision.该足球队晋升为甲级队。增进相互理解 /增进友谊Translation1.她计划自己创业。（setup）2.Sheplannedtosetupherownbusiness.2.态度也很重要。（matter）3.Attitudealsomatters.3.她在客人们到达之前把所有的家具都擦亮了。（polish）4.Shehadpolishedallthefurniturebeforetheguestsarrived.4.有些经理不知道如何与人
37、打交道。（handle）5.Somemanagersdontknowhowtohandlepeople.5.我们完成那项工作的时间打破了纪录。（record）6.Wefinishedthejobinarecordamountoftime.6.她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。（inplace）7.Shelikeseverythingtobeinplacebeforeshestartswork.7.她常常一天工作12个小时。（putin）8.Sheoftenputsin12-hoursworkaday.8.他是从报纸上得到这一信息的。（acquire）9.Heacquiredtheinformat
38、ionfromthenewspaper.9.我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺。（opening）10.Thereisanopeningforanassistantinourdepartment.10.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。（promote）Thisorganizationaims/workstopromotefriendshipamongdifferentcountries/betweennations.Word TransitionDirections: Find the proper forms of the following words according to the given
39、 word class.openn._persistn._succeedn._succeedadj._importantn._promoten._depressn._valueadj._loyaln._favoradj._openingpersistencesuccesssuccessfulimportancepromotiondepressionvaluableloyaltyfavorablePart C Supplementary ReadingFour Words Everyone is weak in a certain sense. Everyone needs love, prai
40、se and encouragement. Words are more powerful than one can imagine. A casual word of praise or criticism will cast an incredible shadow. So be generous with your praise and greedy with your criticism. This will make life more pleasant.Reading Comprehension1. Why did the woman say her son was “stupid
41、”?2. What is meant by “words like that can echo” (Para.2, last sentence)?3. How old was Dalkoff when he started his career as a professional writer?Becausehehadwalkedawayfromher.Wordslikethathaveafar-reachinginfluence:itseemsthatpeopletowhomsuchwordsaresaidwouldhearthemagainandagainintheirfuturelife
42、.At 24.4. What was Dalkoff like when he was a boy?5. What did Mrs. Brauch ask her students to do after they finished reading To Kill a Mockingbird?6. What had Dalkoff “always dreamed of doing but never believed he could do”?7. How did Mrs. Brauch help Dalkoff with his short story writing?Hewasterrib
43、lyinsecureandshy(andhehadfewfriendsandnoself-confidence).Sheaskedthemtowritetheirownchapterthatwouldfollowthelastchapterofthenovel.Writingashortstory.Sheevaluatedthoseshortstoriesforhim.8. To what did Dalkoff owe his success in life?9. Why did the young woman come to Dalkoff for advice?10. What is m
44、eant by “Mrs. Brauch had cast an incredibly long shadow” (para.11)?ThefourwordsthatMrs.Brauchwroteinthemarginofhispaper“Thisisgoodwriting.”Becausehewasawriter(andsherespectedhim).Mrs.Brauch,bygivingconfidencetoDalkoff,hadalsoinfluencedsomeotherpeopleslives.Suchaninfluencewasunbelievablyfar-reaching.
45、受到责备的男孩静静的回到妇女的身边，耷拉着眼皮。这是我一直梦想要做却又不相信自己可以做到的事。她给人以鼓励、要求严格而又实事求是。他的自信增强了；眼界开阔了；他踏上了一条成功的、自我实现的人生之旅。留下难以置信的深远影响Chastised，theboyreturnedquietlytothewomansside,hiseyesdowncast.ThatiswhatIhavealwaysdreamedofdoingbutneverbelievedIcoulddo.Shewasencouraging,toughandhonest.Hisconfidencegrew;hishorizonsbroad
46、ened;hestartedoffonasuccessful,fulfillinglife.CastanincrediblylongshadowExerciseDirections: Choose the correct word/phrase to fill into each sentence, using the proper form.echonameevidentinsecurefulfillhorizonevaluaterecallstartoffenormousturntoconvince1.Weshallneedto_howthenewmaterialstandsuptowea
47、randtear.2.Thefullextentofthedamageonlybecame_thefollowingmorning.3.Just_thetimeandIllbethereonthedot.4.Brownellscomments_theopinionofthemajorityofthecommissionmembers.evaluateevidentnameecho5.Idliketo_bythankingyouallforcomingtoday.6.Youvebeenan_help.7.Spendingherjunioryearabroadhasbroadenedher_.8.
48、Hestillfeels_abouthisabilitytodothejob.9.She_seeinghimoutsidetheshoponthenightoftherobbery.10.Withoutsomeoneto_foradvice,makingthemostappropriatechoicecanbedifficult.11.IvefinallyfoundajobinwhichIcan_myself.12.Ihopethiswill_youtochangeyourmind.startoffenormoushorizonsinsecurerecalledturntofulfillconvinceHomeworkWriteacompositiononthetopic “Words I Will Never Forget”. Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan150wordsaccordingtothefollowingoutline:1)whatarethewords;2)whyaretheyuttered;3)whyaretheyunforgettable?Thanks for Your Attention!
