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1、I wish I _(be)as tall as you.wereI wish I were a bird.I wish every day _(be)my birthday.wereI wish/wished I _( eat ) so much watermelon.hadnt eatenI wish it would rain tomorrow.wishwish引导的虚拟句引导的虚拟句表示表示愿望愿望( wish), wish接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情
2、态动词将来：用情态动词(would / could) + doI wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish + thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 现在现在had done 过去过去wo
3、uld / might /would do 将来将来虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。我希望你能找到一个好职业。4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。他想要是他没这样做该多好。虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在
4、宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气if only 意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要, 只要只要.就好就好 表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式; 如果是过去的如果是过去的情况情况,应用过去完成时态应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.Ifonly(1)要是就好了要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagai
5、nnextyear!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了要是我没错过火车就好了. 英语动词有英语动词有 种语气种语气 陈述语气陈述语气 祈使语气祈使语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。三三 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；
6、、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。、虚拟语气时态的判定。ifif引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句区别区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.陈述语气陈述语气虚拟语气虚拟语气If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .h
7、ad hadwould have goneIf he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I how to swim, I trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.What What wouldwould you you do if you do if you wonw
8、on the lottery?the lottery?If I If I wonwon the the lottery,lottery,I I wouldwouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. IfIhadalotofmoney, Iwouldbuyavilla.If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.If it were fine now,I would go shopping.If he got up early, he would b
9、e on time虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来与将来事实可能相反事实可能相反)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你实相
10、反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在条件从句中在条件从句中主从句的谓语形式主从句的谓语形式时间时间If 从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去将来将来did / werehad donewould/could/should/might +V.(原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原原)If + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might
11、 +动词原形动词原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would
12、have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句( (通常有时间状语通常有时间状语) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to
13、come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形IfIf虚拟句的倒装虚拟句的倒装 万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比 赛。赛。 we will have to put off the sports meet. In case it rains,In case
14、of rain, If it should rain, Should it rain,如果条件状语中有如果条件状语中有were, had, should时时, , 可可以倒装成：以倒装成：Were / Should / Had + +主主+ +其他其他Were I you, Had he been there yesterday, Should it snow tomorrow, If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should
15、 snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。部电影了。 如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。1. _the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he should pass2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them of
16、f.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive名词性从句中的虚拟名词性从句中的虚拟语气及几种虚拟语气语气及几种虚拟语气特殊句型特殊句型1.表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议的虚拟语建议的虚拟语气气 一个一个坚持坚持，两个，两个命令命令， 三个三个建议建议，四个，四个要求要求 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose (advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , requir
17、e, request, desire这些词引导的这些词引导的名词性从句名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形，动词原形， 或者将或者将should省略省略。My demand is that she _ (come) to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (be)closed down.He suggested that we _ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing.The proposal
18、 that we (go)out for a picnic was warmly welcomed.(should ) go(should) come(should) be(should ) go表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句Wesuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime=Itisoursuggestionthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Itissuggestedthatyou(should)bethereo
19、ntime.注意：注意： 如如suggest, insist用于其本意用于其本意“暗示、暗示、 表明表明“、”坚持认为坚持认为“时，宾语从时，宾语从句句 用陈述语气。用陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggest
20、ed that he_(be) ill.obeywasbesenthavewas虚拟语气虚拟语气4.在句型在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，中，that后面的从句中的谓语后面的从句中的谓语动词用：动词用：should+动词原形动词原形例句例句1)Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。2)Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3)Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoo
21、dcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在主语从句中在主语从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型基本句型：a.It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do b.It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative c.It is a pity, a shame, no won
22、der 考题点击考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to takeC. must take D. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDBHe behaves as if he owned the house.( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whethe
23、r he owns it or not.)He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.虚拟语气虚拟语气6.在在asif从句中，常用虚拟形式，即从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事表示与现在事实相反，用过去式实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成与过去事实相反用过去完成式式(haddone).一、一、asif(asthough)连接表语从句连接表语从句shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的她看起来似乎是冰做的helookedasifhehadntsleptfortwodays.二、二、
24、asif连接让步状语从连接让步状语从句句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在在asif从句中从句中as if /though + Clause现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来 :did /were(现在现在)had done(过去过去)would+动词原形动词原形(将来将来) 区别：区别： HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheis
25、fromtheUSA.陈述语气陈述语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气Its(high/right)timethatthat从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时过去时或或should+doItstimethatyoulefthere.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例Its (about/high) time +that -should +V.过去时过去时你该走了。你该走了。我们该睡觉了。我们该睡觉了。It
26、s high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its (about) time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 虚拟语气虚拟语气在在would(had)rather(宁愿宁愿)引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句中句中虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例1. would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would ra
27、ther you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.虚拟语气虚拟语气4. 一些介词短语一些介词短语,如如:butfor(要不是要不是),without,otherwise(否则否则),inthatcase(如果是那样的话如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件,这时这时主句要用虚拟语气主句要用虚拟语气 Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例 有时为了表达需要有时为
28、了表达需要,并不总是出现并不总是出现 if 引导引导的条件句的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句而通过其他手段来代替条件句.1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _ (take ) part in the sports meet.2.I _ (give) you more help, but I was too busy.3.A man who stopped drinking_ (be) dead in seven days.4.But for water, it _ (be) impossible to live in the desert.would ha
29、ve takenmight have given would be would be 虚拟语气时态的虚拟语气时态的判定判定注意注意: :假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致致情况下的虚拟语气情况下的虚拟语气( (混合条件句，混合条件句，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。的时间加以调整。如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去从句表示现在，主句表示
30、过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.If you had followed
31、my advice, you If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I were you, I would have gone to her If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.bir
32、thday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句（从句说明明现在，主句在，主句说明明过去。）去。） If you hadnt lent me some money, If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous
33、 house still living in the dangerous house now.now.假若你不借钱给我，假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）1.如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了Iftheweather_finer,thecrops_stillbetter.2.如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医院里了医院里了Ifyou_theteacher
34、sadvice,you_inthehospital.3.如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的你去帮助他们工作的Ifyouinbetterhealth,we_youtogotheretohelptheirwork.had beencould have allowedwould be growinghad followedwouldnt bewere虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. woul
35、d miss D. missed2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have metMoreExercisesAD虚拟语气虚拟语气3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B
36、. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if
37、he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虚拟语气虚拟语气9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.W
38、henapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDBCPracticeFinishawritingpassage,accordingtotheChinesegiven.JimJim刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走动。他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今动。他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今天早晨就可以早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到天早晨就可以早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到而撞倒致使自己住院了而撞倒致使自己住院了
39、。妈妈也因为儿子没有按妈妈也因为儿子没有按时睡觉而在责备他。同时时睡觉而在责备他。同时JimJim也在遗憾下周的运动也在遗憾下周的运动会不能参加了，预想的会不能参加了，预想的400400米冠军也不能得到了。米冠军也不能得到了。PracticeCompletethefollowingpassagewiththeverbsinbrackets,usingtheSubjunctiveMood. Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three mo
40、nths. Now he regrets what he did: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He (not wake up) so late that morning if he _ (not stay up) late the night before playing computer games. wouldnt have woken uphadnt stayed up Jims mother agreed:”If my son _(get up) half an hour ea
41、rlier, he _ (not ride) his bike so crazily.”Jims mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _ _(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he _(spend) more time on his way to school and he _(not hit)a tree by the street.”had got upwouldnt have riddenhadfollowedcould have spentwouldt have hit “Yes,
42、 indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice. “ But you know if I _(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I_( knock) her down. My leg_ (not injure),and instead of me the girl _(take)to hospital.hadnt noticedwould have knockedwouldhave been injuredwould have been taken Lying in
43、 bed, Jim kept on saying “ How I wish I_ (be) more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim _(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it _(be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _(join) them the next week
44、.had beenwould foundwould becould joinso that 与与in order that 二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may /might/can /could /etc.+动词原形动词原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it. She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted. He w
45、ent to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.9.用用“may+动词原形动词原形”表示祝愿，表示祝愿，但愿，此时但愿，此时may须置于句首须置于句首Maygoodluck be yours!祝你好运！祝你好运！Mayyou be happy!祝你快乐！祝你快乐！Mayyou do evenbetter!祝你取得祝你取得更大成就更大成就Long live thepeople!人民万岁！人民万岁！“God bless you,”saidthepriest.牧师说：牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！愿上帝保佑你！” 含蓄条件
46、句含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况句大体有三种情况: 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：条件暗含在短语中。如： W hat would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语without you中中) It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中中) But for yo
47、ur help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是暗含条件是but for your help)This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. (暗含条件是连词暗含条件是
48、连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是暗含条件是alone) 2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：条件暗含在上下文中。如： You might stay here forever. (可能暗含可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (可能暗含可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined. (可能暗含可能暗含if you should accept it)I would appreciate a little of y
49、our time. (可能暗含可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：如： You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。你不会知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意来。我愿意来。 I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。这是我做梦也不会想到的。 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样见一样
