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1、Gothic novelGothic novel哥特文学哥特文学哥特哥特(Gothic)：1 1、oftheGoths(GermanicpeoplewhoinvadedtheRomanEmpire)；2、oforinastylecommoninWEuropefromthe12thtothe16thcenturiesandcharacterizedbypointedarches,archedroofs,tallthinpillars3、oforinan18th-centurystyleofliteraturewhichdescribedromanticadventuresinmysterious
2、orfrighteningsettings“哥特复兴哥特复兴”（GothicRevival）将中古世纪的阴暗情）将中古世纪的阴暗情调从历史脉络的墓穴中挖掘出调从历史脉络的墓穴中挖掘出来。来。一般认为第一座真正的哥特式教一般认为第一座真正的哥特式教堂是堂是巴黎巴黎郊区的圣丹尼教堂。郊区的圣丹尼教堂。最著名的有世界上最大的哥特尖塔建筑最著名的有世界上最大的哥特尖塔建筑米兰大教堂米兰大教堂DuomodiMilano米兰大堂是意大利最大的哥特式主教堂，有“米兰的象征”之美称。主教堂始建于1386年，由米兰望族吉安维斯孔蒂主持奠基。1500年完成拱顶，1774年中央塔上的镀金圣母玛丽亚雕像就位。1813
3、年教堂的大部分建筑完工。1897年最后完工，历时五个世纪。1805年拿破仑曾在米兰大教堂举行加冕仪式。至1965年教堂正面最后一座铜门被安装，才算全部竣工。举世闻名的米兰大教堂，坐落于意大利米兰市中心的广场，是世界上最大的哥特式教堂，也是仅次于梵蒂冈的圣彼得教堂和西班牙的塞维利亚教堂的欧洲第三大教堂。米兰大教堂的建造历经五个多世纪才完工，因此，它的建筑风格包含了哥特式、新古典式和巴洛克式。上半部分是哥特式的尖塔，据统计共138座，最高的尖塔高达108米，尖塔之林直立挺拔，给人以飞腾升华、超脱尘世之感。下半部分是典型的巴洛克式风格，从上而下满饰雕塑，极尽繁复精美，是文艺复兴时期具有代表性的建筑物
4、。由12根巨型石柱支撑的教堂大殿，内饰精美，仅雕像就有800余座。教堂有24扇世界上最大的彩绘玻璃窗，这些彩色玻璃造于500多年前，至今仍光彩夺目，令人惊叹.法国早期哥特式教堂的代表作是法国早期哥特式教堂的代表作是巴黎圣母巴黎圣母院院CathedralofNotre-DamedeParis。国早期。国早期哥特式教堂的代表作哥特式教堂的代表作威尼斯威尼斯的世俗建筑有许多杰作。的世俗建筑有许多杰作。圣马圣马可广场可广场上的上的总督总督宫被公认为中世纪世俗宫被公认为中世纪世俗建筑中最美丽的作品之一建筑中最美丽的作品之一哥特女子哥特女子n n哥特女子的哥特女子的皮肤皮肤苍白苍白、眼圈浓黑，眼圈浓黑，穿
5、着面料穿着面料朴朴素素、线条、线条锐锐利利的高领口的高领口的单色的单色长袍长袍。 苍白的苍白的面孔面孔，妖魅妖魅的身段，的身段，华丽华丽的的贵气贵气，冷冽冷冽且且浓郁浓郁的妆容。的妆容。电影n n异形、n n沉默的羔羊、n n惊声尖叫、n n龙卷风、n n世界末日、n n天地大冲撞、n n极度恐慌、n n蝴蝶效应历代的巫术吸血鬼诺斯费拉杜德古拉的噩梦。欲望。剪刀手爱德华夜访吸血鬼。乌鸦人狼生死恋理发师陶德Gothicfictionn nsometimes referred to as sometimes referred to as Gothic horrorGothic horror): )
6、: a genre of literature that combines a genre of literature that combines elements of both elements of both horrorhorror and and romanceromance. . n nAs a genre, it is generally believed to have As a genre, it is generally believed to have been invented by the English author been invented by the Eng
7、lish author Horace WalpoleHorace Walpole, with his 1764 novel , with his 1764 novel The The Castle of OtrantoCastle of Otranto. .n nHe initiated a He initiated a literary genreliterary genre which would which would become extremely popular in the later become extremely popular in the later 18th 18th
8、 centurycentury and early and early 19th century19th century n nGothicliterature:intimatelyassociatedwiththeGothicRevivalarchitectureofthesameera.n nInawaysimilartothegothicrevivalistsrejectionoftheclarityandrationalismoftheneoclassicalstyleoftheEnlightenedEstablishment,theliteraryGothicembodiesanap
9、preciation of the joys of extreme emotion, the thrills of fearfulness and awe inherent in the sublime, and a quest for atmosphere. n nThestockcharactersofGothicfiction: :n ntyrants, villains, bandits, maniacs, Byronic heroes, persecuted maidens, monks, nuns, madwomen, magicians, vampires, werewolves
10、, monsters, demons, dragons, angels, fallen angels, revenants归来者, ghosts, perambulating skeletons, the Wandering Jew and the Devil himself.nmostnaturalsettings:tallbuildingsoftheGothicstyle-castles,mansions,andmonasteries,oftenremote,crumbling,andruined.n nHorace Walpole贺瑞斯华尔波尔 The Castle of Otranto
11、 (1764)奥特朗托城堡 is often regarded as the first true gothic romance (he was obsessed with medieval gothic architecture, and built his own house) n nThebasicplot:athreateningmysteryandanancestralcurse,aswellascountlesstrappingssuchashiddenpassagesandoft-faintingheroines.n nTheromance,usuallyheldincontem
12、ptbytheeducatedasatawdryanddebasedkindofwriting,hadonlyrecentlybeenmaderespectablebytheworksofRichardsonandFielding(Fuchs,2004;106).n nAromancewithsuperstitiouselements,andmoreovervoidofdidacticalintention,wasconsideredasetbackandnotacceptableasamodernproduction.n nClaraReeveClaraReeve(17291807),an(
13、17291807),anEnglishEnglish novelistnovelist,best,bestknownforherGothicfictionworkknownforherGothicfictionwork: :TheOldEnglishTheOldEnglishBaronBaron(1778),(1778),n n AnnRadcliffeAnnRadcliffe(9July17647February1823),an(9July17647February1823),anEnglishauthorEnglishauthor安安 莱德克利夫莱德克利夫 :TheMysteriesofT
14、heMysteriesofUdolphoUdolpho(1794)(1794) 乌铎尔弗的奥秘RadcliffeRadcliffemadethegothicnovelsociallyacceptable.Amongmadethegothicnovelsociallyacceptable.Amongotherelements,AnnRadcliffeintroducedtheotherelements,AnnRadcliffeintroducedthebroodingfigureofthegothicbroodingfigureofthegothicvillainvillain.Radcliff
15、es.Radcliffesnovels,aboveallnovels,aboveallTheMysteriesofUdolphoTheMysteriesofUdolpho,were,werebest-sellers,althoughalongwithallnovelstheybest-sellers,althoughalongwithallnovelstheywerelookeddownuponbywell-educatedpeoplewerelookeddownuponbywell-educatedpeopleassensationalistwomensentertainment(despi
16、teassensationalistwomensentertainment(despitesomemensenjoymentofthem).somemensenjoymentofthem).n nTheperson,beitgentlemanorlady,whohasnotTheperson,beitgentlemanorlady,whohasnotpleasureinagoodnovel,mustbeintolerablypleasureinagoodnovel,mustbeintolerablystupid.IhavereadallMrs.Radcliffesworks,andstupid
17、.IhavereadallMrs.Radcliffesworks,andmostofthemwithgreatpleasure.mostofthemwithgreatpleasure.TheMysteriesTheMysteriesofUdolphoofUdolpho,whenIhadoncebegunit,Icouldnot,whenIhadoncebegunit,Icouldnotlaydownagain;Irememberfinishingitintwolaydownagain;Irememberfinishingitintwodaysmyhairstandingonendthewhol
18、etime.daysmyhairstandingonendthewholetime.saidHenrysaidHenry.Iamverygladtohearitindeed,andnowIshallIamverygladtohearitindeed,andnowIshallneverbeashamedoflikingneverbeashamedoflikingUdolphoUdolphomyself.myself.repliedCatherinerepliedCatherinen nMatthewGregoryLewisMatthewGregoryLewis(9July177514May(9J
19、uly177514May1818),an1818),anEnglishEnglish novelistnovelistandanddramatistdramatist,often,oftenreferredtoasreferredtoasMonkLewisMonkLewis : :TheMonkTheMonk(1796).(1796).luridtaleofmonasticdebauchery,blackmagic,luridtaleofmonasticdebauchery,blackmagic,anddiabolismanddiabolismn nLewistaleappalledsomec
20、ontemporaryLewistaleappalledsomecontemporaryreaders;howeverhisportrayalofdepravedreaders;howeverhisportrayalofdepravedmonks,sadisticinquisitorsandspectralnuns,monks,sadisticinquisitorsandspectralnuns,andhisscurrilousviewoftheCatholicChurchandhisscurrilousviewoftheCatholicChurchwasanimportantdevelopm
21、entinthegenrewasanimportantdevelopmentinthegenren nMaryShelleysFrankenstein;or,theModernPrometheus(1818)hascometodefineGothicfictionintheRomanticperiod.n nMaryShelleysnovel,thoughclearlyinfluencedbythegothictradition,isoftenconsideredthefirstsciencefictionnovel,despitetheomissioninthenovelofanyscien
22、tificexplanationofthemonstersanimationandthefocusinsteadonthemoralissuesandconsequencesofsuchacreation.n nJohnWilliamPolidori波利多雷波利多雷sTheVampyre(1819).TheVampyrehasbeenaccountedbyculturalcriticChristopherFraylingasoneofthemostinfluentialworksoffictioneverwrittenandspawnedacrazeforvampirefictionandth
23、eatre(andlatterlyfilm)whichhasnotceasedtothisday.（布兰姆斯多克BramStoker的的吸血鬼（吸血鬼（Dracula)in1897n nBytheVictorianeraGothichadceasedtobethedominantgenre(infacttheformspopularityasanestablishedgenrehadalreadybeguntoerodewiththesuccessofthehistoricalromancepopularisedbySirWalterScott).n nCharlesDickens:whore
24、adgothicnovelsasateenagerandincorporatedtheirgloomyatmosphereandmelodramaintohisownworks,shiftingthemtoamoremodernperiodandanurbansetting,includingOliverTwist(1837-8)andBleakHouse(1854).n nBleakHouse:afrequentcharacteristicofurbanGothicliteratureandfilm(Mighall2007).n nHismostexplicitlyGothicworkish
25、islastnovelTheMysteryofEdwinDrood(1870)艾德温艾德温德鲁德之谜德鲁德之谜n nThegothicgenregavewaytomodernhorrorfiction.n nManymodernwritersofhorrorexhibitconsiderablegothicsensibilitiesexamplesincludetheworksofAnneRice（安妮赖斯1941）吸血鬼纪事（TheVampireChronicles）aswellassomeofthesensationalistworksofStephenKingn nStephenEdwi
26、nKingStephenEdwinKing史蒂芬史蒂芬 金金September21,1947(1947-09-September21,1947(1947-09-21)21)Portland,MainePortland,Maine,UnitedStates,UnitedStatesn nPennamePennameRichardBachmanRichardBachman, ,JohnSwithenJohnSwithenn nOccupationOccupationNovelist,Novelist,shortshortstorywriterstorywriter, ,screenwritersc
27、reenwriter, ,columnistcolumnist,actor,actor,televisiontelevisionproducerproducer, ,filmdirectorfilmdirectorn nGenresGenresHorrorHorror, ,fantasyfantasy, ,sciencesciencefictionfiction, ,dramadrama, ,gothicgothic, ,darkdarkfantasyfantasyn n肖申克的救赎TheShawkshankRedemption1994n n危情十日Misery1990n n坟场禁区Grave
28、yardShift1990n n1408幻影凶间14082007n nWilliamFaulknersnovelsandshortstoriesexemplifiedtheSouthernGothicgenre.n nOthernotablecontemporarywritersintheGothictradition:SusanHill,TheWomaninBlack(1983);PatrickMcGrath,TheGrotesque(1989);PoppyZ.Brite,LostSouls(1992)andExquisiteCorpse(1996);CaitlinKiernan,Silk(
29、1998)作品作品n nTheCastleofOtrantoTheCastleofOtranto(1764)(1764)byHoraceWalpolebyHoraceWalpolen n TheMysteriesofUdolphoTheMysteriesofUdolpho(1794)(1794)byAnnRadcliffebyAnnRadcliffen n CalebWilliams(1794)CalebWilliams(1794)byWilliamGodwinbyWilliamGodwinn nVathek,anArabianTale(1786)Vathek,anArabianTale(17
30、86)byWilliamThomasBeckfordbyWilliamThomasBeckfordn n TheMonkTheMonk(1796)(1796)byMatthewGregoryLewisbyMatthewGregoryLewisn n FrankensteinFrankenstein(1818)(1818)byMaryShelley(FulltextatWikisource)byMaryShelley(FulltextatWikisource)n nTheVampyre(1819)TheVampyre(1819)byJohnWilliamPolidoribyJohnWilliam
31、Polidorin nMelmoththeWanderer(1820MelmoththeWanderer(1820)byCharlesRobertMaturin)byCharlesRobertMaturinn nConfessionsofanEnglishOpiumEater(1821)byThomasdeQuinceyConfessionsofanEnglishOpiumEater(1821)byThomasdeQuinceyThePrivateMemoirsandConfessionsofaJustifiedSinner(1824)byJamesHoggThePrivateMemoirsa
32、ndConfessionsofaJustifiedSinner(1824)byJamesHoggTheFalloftheHouseofUsherTheFalloftheHouseofUsher(1839)byEdgarAllanPoe(FulltextatWikisource)(1839)byEdgarAllanPoe(FulltextatWikisource)n nTheTell-TaleHeartTheTell-TaleHeart(1843)byEdgarAllanPoe(FulltextatWikisource)(1843)byEdgarAllanPoe(FulltextatWikiso
33、urce)TheMummysFoot(1863)byThophileGautier(FulltextatWikisource)TheMummysFoot(1863)byThophileGautier(FulltextatWikisource) TheStrangeCaseofDr.JekyllandMr.HydeTheStrangeCaseofDr.JekyllandMr.Hyde(1886)byRobertLouisStevenson(1886)byRobertLouisStevensonTheHorla(1887)byGuydeMaupassant(FulltextatWikisource
34、)TheHorla(1887)byGuydeMaupassant(FulltextatWikisource)TheYellowWallpaper(1892)byCharlottePerkinsGilmanTheYellowWallpaper(1892)byCharlottePerkinsGilman DraculaDracula(1897)byBramStoker(FulltextatWikisource)(1897)byBramStoker(FulltextatWikisource)TheTurnoftheScrew(1898)byHenryJamesTheTurnoftheScrew(18
35、98)byHenryJamesTheMonkeysPawTheMonkeysPaw(1902byW.W.Jacobs(1902byW.W.JacobsTheLairoftheWhiteWorm(1911)byBramStoker(FulltextatWikisourcTheLairoftheWhiteWorm(1911)byBramStoker(FulltextatWikisource)e)Gormenghast(1946-1959)byMervynPeakeGormenghast(1946-1959)byMervynPeake哥特式讽刺文学哥特式讽刺文学 NorthangerAbbeyNorthangerAbbey(1818)byJaneAusten(FulltextatWikisource)(1818)byJaneAusten(FulltextatWikisource)NightmareAbbey(1818)byThomasLovePeacockNightmareAbbey(1818)byThomasLovePeacock 结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！31
