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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等怀疑等(在条件从句中在条件从句中)；二是表示；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气虚拟语气一、在条件从句中在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句叫虚拟条件句)，表示与表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以以 do 为例为例)：虚拟语气在虚拟
2、语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中表示与事实情表示与事实情况相反况相反条件从句的谓语形条件从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况表示现在情况表示过去情况表示过去情况表示将来情况表示将来情况过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用 were)Would / could / might / should (用于第用于第1人称人称) +动词原形动词原形(do)过去完成式过去完成式(had +done过去式过去式 (did)should + do were to doWould / could / might / should +动词原形动词原形(do)上面上面4个情态动个情态动词词+ha
3、ve done虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来与将来事实可能相反事实可能相反)3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你
4、的话，我会马上走。(与现在事与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中虚拟语气中得倒装结构虚拟语气中得倒装结构1.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.3. If I knew everything, I wouldnt be here. = Had you come a few minutes earlier, you would ha
5、ve met him. = Were it sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.= Did I know everything, I wouldnt be here虚拟语气虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：建议建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令命令(order, command) desire等后面接的等后面接的宾语从句其动词用宾语从句其动词用should + do 构成构成,
6、should 可以省略。可以省略。. He ordered that the students ( should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 考题点击：考题点击：The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor s
7、ay about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must haveB. hadC. haveD. had hadBC2、表示表示愿望愿望( wish), wish接宾语从句有三接宾语从句有三种情况：种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1. I wish she would be on my side. 我
8、希望她能站在我一边。我希望她能站在我一边。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。我希望你能找到一个好职业。4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。他想要是他没这样做该多好。虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 3、记住：记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要
9、求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;Insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。例句例句1)The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。2)The half smile on his face su
10、ggested that he was happy to have given his life for his country. 3)He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 4)He insisted that he was right.他坚持说他是对的。他坚持说他是对的。虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气4.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange
11、, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的从句中的谓语后面的从句中的谓语动词用：动词用： should + 动词原形动词原形 例句例句1) Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。 2) Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3) Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 虚拟
12、语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型基本句型：a.It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do b.It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative c.It is a pity, a shame, no wonder 考题点击考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the
13、 examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDB虚拟语气虚拟语气主句的主句的主语主语常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望愿望(wish / desire)、建议建议(suggestion / advice) 要求要求(requirement / demand)、命令命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词
14、用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.=：We suggest that you (should) be there on time.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句中在表语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气同位语从句的同位语从句的先行词先行词常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿愿望、建议、要求、命令望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。等的名词。The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.Do
15、you know the order that you (should) keep watch.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中在同位语从句中We suggest that you (should) be there on time. = Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time = It is our suggestion that you (should) be there on time. = It is suggested that you (should) be there on time.虚拟语气虚拟语气6.在as
16、 if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).一、as if (as though) 连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us as if he had been the
17、re. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在 as if 从句中从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气1. if only 意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要, 只要只要.就好就好 表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式; 如果是过去的如果是过去的情况情况,应用过去完成时态应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.2. Its (high/right) time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时过去时
18、或或should + do Its time that you left here.It is high time that the children should go to bed虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例高考题点击：高考题点击： When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (95 N) A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken- Do you mind if I leave the window open? - W
19、ell, Id rather you _ . A. dont B. didntC. wontD. mustnt2. Its half past eleven. Its high time _ home. A. well B. wed C. were going D. we wentBCD虚拟语气虚拟语气3.在在would (had) rather(宁愿宁愿) 引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句中句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要谓语动词要用一般过去时用一般过去时;表示过去时间时表示过去时间时,谓语动词谓语动词要用过去完成时。要用过去完成时。I would rat
20、her he came tomorrow than today. I would rather he had not told me about that.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气虚拟语气4. 一些介词短语一些介词短语, 如如:but for(要不是要不是), without, otherwise(否则否则), in that case(如果是那样的话如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件,这时这时主句要用虚拟语气主句要用虚拟语气 Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid pro
21、gress. 虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例考点链接考点链接1.fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006 湖北湖北) A would you be B should you be C could you be D might you be 2.-Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to New York.-I agree. but the problem is _he has refused to.(2
22、005,江苏江苏)A will not be sent; that B not be sent ; that C should not be sent; what D should not send; whatBB3.-Do you mind if I open the window? -_, I feel a bit cold.(2004广东广东)A. Of course not B. Id rather you didntC . Go ahead D. Why not 4.He paid a seat, when he _have entered free. (2005山东山东) A. c
23、ould B. would C. must D. needBA虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have metMore ExercisesAD虚拟语气虚拟语气3. If only I _ to my paren
24、ts! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃
25、得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虚拟语气虚拟语气9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenDBC
