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1、Positive Psychology: The Science of HumorShawn AchorHarvard UniversitySpring 2008Working DefinitionnHumor is a way of mindfully perceiving the world, analogous to optimism, where an individual heightens awareness of potentials in a situation.OutlineI. Psychology of humorII. Mental and Physical Benef
2、itsIII. Positive Social Benefits IIII. Pragmatic stepsIIIII. The greatest power of humorWhat just happened?nrhythmic, vocalized, expiratory and involuntary actions n15 facial muscles contractZygomatic major muscle raises lipnEpiglottis half-closes the larynxnBlood pressure lowerednIncrease in vascul
3、ar blood flownFlexed abdominal, respiratory, facial, leg, and back muscles.How We Study Changes Usn97 to 3 ratio of negative to humor research“Depression” 125,089 articles“Humor” 4,943“Steven Colbert” (no results found)nMedical School SyndromeWhy talk about humor?nDefinitional problemsnDead Frog Pro
4、blemnGenetics vs. EnvironmentThe Psychology of FunnynFreud: Humor as “psychological release”Jokes and Their Relationship to the Unconsciousn“Social acceptable envelope of id desires”Henri BergsonnHumor as social “corrective”nThe Dale Sturtevant TheoryDale SturtevantAchor: Humor as mindful lensnSocia
5、l rule breakingnHumor = shift in evaluative stanceCounterfactualsnPositive spin: Alpha vs Beta PressnAlpha press- objective constraints of realitynBeta press subjective construal of realitynMindfulness of potentialitiesThe Tetris EffectnHumor as cognitive afterimage (Achor, 2007)Humor as transformat
6、ive lensnTranscending the status quo (Berger)nRelationship to Peak Experiences (Maslow)Momentarily take on self-actualizationOrdinary becomes extraordinary (the Office)Ordinary TransformedPart III: The Physical and Mental Benefits of HumorSympathetic Nervous SystemThe Soprano Effect (Achor, 2006)The
7、 Biology of LaughternLaughter as medicine and exercisenIncreases inT-cells (immune system)Gamma-interferon (disease fighting protein)B-cells (makes antibodies)nLaughter decreases serum cortisol (Sultanoff)The Mental and Physical BenefitsnEven small dose increases immune system nBronchial asthma (Kam
8、ata)nHumor increases pain tolerancenIce bucket experiment (Zweyer)nLowers blood sugar for Type 2 Diabetes (Hayashi)nDecreases stress/ increases remission ratesnTesticular Cancer (Chapple and Zieland)Model students?nAverage # of romantic relationships 1Average number of sexual partners 0-.5n24% are u
9、naware if they are currently in a romantic relationshipPositive Social Effects: nMirror Neurons and CondomsnAttraction and bondage (Fraley)nDating: Desirability in matesSignal of cognitive fitnessDifferences between men and women (Bressler)Flirting at a barnNegotiations and MarriageGottmanHumor as T
10、herapynHumor and Journaling (Pennebaker)nCuddle parties, laughing groups in IndianTransforming trauma and bad days6 Ways to Increase Humor1. Journal funny stories unique to you2. Watch funny people3. TQPTwo question process A. Why am I so funny? B. And why dont others recognize this?Builds self-este
11、em4. The permission to be subhuman5. Variety, breaking pattern 6. Tetris EffectThe greatest power of humornJon Stewart post 9/11nThe suffering OnionJon StewartSlow TransformationConclusionnHumor is a lens like optimismnDemands a mindfulness to potentialitiesnIncreased health, increased sociability, and decreased stressnHumor as therapeutic reorientationShining with Humor Lens
