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1、词汇与语法结构词汇与语法结构 辅导老师：王倩辅导老师：王倩考试内容与要求 大学英语（B）大纲的要求第三部分试题为词汇与结构。总分为30分，考试时间为30分钟。此题又分Section A和Section B两部分。下面我们先看Section A：单句选择。词汇和语法结构部分共设20个单句，每句1分，共20分。大纲对考生词汇的要求为：“能认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的1800个单词以及其基本的搭配。” 语法的要求为：能掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加以运用。词汇和语法结构部分的考试目的是测试考生运用词汇，短语及语法结构的能力。词汇部分答题技巧词汇部分的考点为：名词
2、，代词，介词，连词，形容词和副词，数量词，情态动词，动词短语的搭配和用法。词汇试题的正确选择在很大程度上取决于考生词汇量的大小，以及运用词汇能力的强弱。但是了解一些解题技巧也会对考试有一定的帮助。下面简单介绍几种词汇测试题中常见的应试技巧。一. 根据词的固定搭配选择答案英语中有许多约定成俗的固定搭配， 试题设计者把其他部分给出，但是其中有的项未给出，让考生从四个选项中选出最佳答案，填入句子使其意义完整。如：根据词的固定搭配选择答案You should have been more patient _ that customer.A. of B. with C. for D. atbe pati
3、ent with sb. 是一个固定搭配，意为“对某人有耐心”，因此该题的答案是B.二. 通过区别同义或近义词选择答案做这类的题，选择时要注意区分词与词之间的细微差别，同时要注意在本题上下文中的关系，最好做出选择。如：In the theatre the actors are very _ to the reaction of the audience.A. sensible B. sensitive C. emotional D. positive通过区别同义或近义词选择答案答案是B. 本题的句意是：“在剧院里，演员对观众的反应很”。四个选项意义分别为A. sensible 可以察觉的； B
4、. sensitive 敏感的； C. emotional 容易动感情的； D. positive 积极的。根据题意判断只有选项B放在原句中符合逻辑。三. 根据上下文的逻辑含义以及主从句之间的关系选择答案有些逻辑关系比较明显的句子，选择答案时，可以根据所给部分之间的提示，选出合乎逻辑的答案；有时，也可根据主从句之间或句子其他部分之间的关系选出可以表明这种关系的词或词组。1利用表示增加与递进关系的词 这样的词包括：and, again, also，too, besides, moreover, furthermore, but, in addition to等。例：The house is ve
5、ry _, and furthermore, its too far from the town. A. neat B. spacious C. expensive D. fashionable1利用表示增加与递进关系的词分析四个选项，我们可以看到选项中的所有单词都可以用来修饰句子的主语房子。句子中间表示递进关系的furthermore在帮助我们判断时非常关键。它后面所跟的是描述房子离城太远，这是房子的缺点。根据逻辑推理，它前面的分句说明的也一定是缺点。因此选项中的A、B、D都不对，因为它们都是在说明房子的优点，故而答案只能是C，若题句中的and furthermore改成but ，那么选项就
6、要改变了。2利用表示比较与对比关系的词 这样的词包括:but, however, although, in contrast, instead of 等。例：A lamp is concrete and you can touch it, but its brightness is _. A. academic B. abstract C. absurd D. absolute句子中表示对比关系的连接词是but，从这一信号词中我们可以推断句子前后两部分所阐述的内容正好是相对的，与concrete相对的是abstract，因此B是本题答案。3利用表示因果关系的词这样的词包括：because ,s
7、o, as a result, thus, consequently, therefore等。例：He is a very _ person because he has done a lot of good things for the local people. A. respectable B. respectful C. respective D. respecting本句后半部分是由because引导的原因状语从句，意思是“他为当地人做了许多好事”，从这一原因中，我们自然能推断出他应该受到别人对他的尊敬。表示“被人尊敬的，值得尊敬的”应当是A。4. 利用表示让步关系的词 这类词包括：
8、if, although, in spite of, while, whereas等。例：Although Asian countries are generally more _ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India. A. consistent B. comprehensive C. confidential D. conservative4. 利用表示让步关系的词本句althoug
9、h引导的是让步状语从句，因此可以推断主句中的事实与前面所出现的有关亚洲国家的特点正相反。与后半句中所阐述的“中国和印度都有一些著名的妇女领袖”这一事实相反的亚洲国家的特点应当是“在社会习俗方面比西方国家要保守”。因此选项中的D是正确答案。四. 根据语法常识判断选择 有些词汇测试题，从词的意义去考虑，填入多个选择项都可以。在这种情况下，如果借助语法结构对题目进行分析，往往可以找到正确答案。例：Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _ healthy. A. preserve B. stay C. maintain
10、D. reserve从四个选项动词的词义来看，哪个都行。但动词后面直接跟形容词作表语的只有stay，其它三个动词都是及物动词，后面应当接宾语。因此答案是B。五. 排除法 在做词汇题时，常会遇到一时难以判断哪一个是正确答案的情况。这时不妨从不符合题义的选项着手，将非正确答案逐一排除，剩下的多半就是正确答案。此方法同样适用阅读理解，语法及完形填空部分的试题，在此不再一一举例。语法重点 语法部分主要涵盖以下重点：动词的时态、语态，非谓语动词，虚拟语气，强调句，倒装句以及各种从句（包括状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句等）。我们先来学习时态：时态1.一般现在时可以代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。1)
11、Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _ it. A. finish B. are finished C. have finished D. are finishing答案A。时态2)Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _. A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come 答案D。2.在“This is the first time”结构中，后面的从句用现在完成时。 句子开头也可以用it代替this例：Th
12、is is the first time that I have met Jane.3.在It/This is +形容词最高级+名词后面的从句中，用现在完成时。例：This is one of the best books _ on the subject. A. that have ever been written B. which have ever been written C. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written 答案为A。 4.在“It is/has been时间段since后边用过去时。” 例：It h
13、as been twenty years since I left my hometown.5.在“no soonerthan”和“hardly when”结构中，主句部分用过去完成时，从句部分用过去时。例如：1)I had no sooner returned than he called.2)We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.6.在“It is (high) time后边的从句中用过去时。” 例：It is time that we had a rest.语态语态是表示主语与谓语之间关系的一种形式。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
14、。 考查时态与语态的题通常结合在一起，尤其是被动语态，除了注意它的一般时态之外，还要注意它进行时态及完成时态的变化。如：语态He told me that a highway was being built here.他告诉我这里正在建造一条高速公路。另外还需注意有些动词，其形式虽是主动，但具有被动的含义。比如，当感官动词作系动词时：语态Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。This material feels very soft.这种衣料摸起来非常柔软。还有一些及物动词作不及物动词时，也可以表示被动含义，如：语态This pen doesnt write wel
15、l.这支笔不好使。此类动词不多，常见的有cut, lock, open, peel, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write 等。情态动词情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语。只有ought后面接to do。情态动词后接完成时的用法:情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。如：情态动词must现在完成时结构：这一结构表示对过去一个动作比较有把握的猜测。例：I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time. A. would have
16、had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had答案为D。情态动词should (ought to )have done用来表示本来应该做却没有做的事情。例：Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier. A. had a telephone B. have phoned C. should have phoned D. should be phoned答案是C。中文意思是“我很抱歉我没能在他走之前和他联系上，我本应早点儿给他打电
17、话的。”情态动词could现在完成时，表示本来能做的事情而没有做。例：Mary _ that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy neighbour. A. could have bought B. must have bought C. can buy D. could buy答案为A。玛丽本来可以买那件大衣的，但是她把钱借给一个更急需的邻居了。虚拟语气 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气是英语语法的难点，考生必须熟练掌握。以下从五个方面介绍。1虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用：
18、 虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could, should, might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反的，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would（或could, should, might）+have done结构。与将来事实可能相反的，if 从句用should (或were to)加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。例题1）If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased. A.
19、 had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using根据前面的讲解，正确答案为A。 例题2）Had the weather been good, the children _ out for a walk. A. had gone B. could have gone C. would go D. went答案为B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。2某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用 这些动词或名词包括：suggest(sugges
20、tion),propose(proposal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等表示建议、命令或要求的词。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。例题The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important task. A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left 答案
21、为B。3在It is desired(或desirable), It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。 这些结构有： It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed等。例题Its desired that she _ to teach
22、us at least twice a week, A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come答案为C。4在would rather, as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的运用 例如：1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would come C. came D. have come答案为C。would rather后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。例题2）He talks as if
23、 he _ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have know正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。例题3）You look as if you had seen a ghost.此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的过去的动作，所以用过去完成时。 例题4）I wish I knew his address.在wish后边的从句中，如果指现在或将
24、来的愿望，动词用过去式。这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。例题5）Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college. Acould study B. studied C. had studied D. would study答案为C。在wish后边的从句中，如果表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。5在It is (high) time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了 例：Dont you think it is time you _ smoking? A. give up
25、B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up 答案为B。非谓语动词 动词非谓语形式包括不定式，动名词和分词，它们在句子中不能充当谓语，可以分别充当主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。虽然非谓语形式不能充当谓语，但它们仍然保留了动词的某些特征，比如说它们可以有自己的宾语，补足语或状语以及自己的逻辑主语，能成为句子的独立成分。动词非谓语形式有一般时、进行时和完成时三种形式以及相应的主动与被动形式。在解答有关动词非谓语形式的试题时，应特别注意以下几点：非谓语动词1英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的后边既可以接不定式，也
26、可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。 例题1）We shall appreciate _ from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear D. having been heard答案是B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动名词，且应该是其一般式。 例题2）The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D
27、. having told短语动词confess to中的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经有了宾语a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因此正确答案是D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。例题3）We all feel sorry for _ for so long after your arrival. A. keep you waiting B. having kept you waiting C. waiting for you D. keep you wait答案为B。非谓语动词 2非谓语动词作宾语补充
28、语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。例题1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _ so well. A. to be decorated B. to decorate C. be decorated D. decoratingdecorate是及物动词，因此可以排除B和D，C项缺了不定式的符号to，因此正确答案为A。例题2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _. A. hearing B. being heard C.
29、 to hear D. heardhear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。例题3）The manager has his employees _ a business report every week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write答案为D。have和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。例题4）we are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer. A. to rearrange B. rearrang
30、e C. rearranged D. rearranging答案为C。非谓语动词 3非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。例：Arriving at the bus stop, _ waiting there. A. he found a lot of people B. a lot of people were C. he found a lot of peoples D. people were found根据上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C项中的peoples结构不对，正确答案只能是A。非谓语动词4掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态的正确使用。如果
31、非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定了应当用主动式还是被动式。例题The famous novel is said _ into Chinese. A. to have translated B. to be translate C. to have been translated D. to translate答案为C。从句 机考涉及到的从句主要有四种，分别是定语从句、状语从句（特别是让步状语从句），宾语从句和主语从句。下面分别给同学们提示
32、一些需要注意的问题。1定语从句 定语从句又分限制性和非限制性定语从句。考生要特别注意非限制定语从句的用法。从形式上看，限制性定语从句由who ,whom ,whose ,which ,that 等关系代词或when ,why, where等关系副词引导，不用逗号把主句和从句分开。而非限制性定语从句中不会出现that，而且要用逗号把主句和从句分开。例题1）An old friend from abroad, _ I was expecting to stay with，telephoned me from the airport . A. that B. whom C. who D. Which
33、这是一个非限制性定语从句，正确答案是B，因为此处的whom 是stay with 的逻辑宾语。 例题2）The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _ are separated from the others by land or water. A. them B. that C. which D. those 正确答案为C。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词前面可能会有介词，在介词前面还可能有其它限定词，这就更复杂一些，需特别注意。2状语从句 状语从句有很多种，让步状语从句是个难点。让步状语从句主要由以下一些词或词组引导：thou
34、gh, although, even if, even though, whetheror, no matter wh-(或how), whatever(whoever, whichever等)。例题1） _，you must show your ticket to go into the cinema. A. No matter whomever you are B. In whomever you are C. Whoever you are D. No matter who are you 四个选择项中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B项中in whomever部分格式不对，D项的
35、语序不对，只有C是正确的。例题2）Young _ he is, he knows what is a right thing to do. A. that B. as C. although D. however正确答案是B。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但通常把被强调的形容词或副词等放在句首。 3宾语从句 宾语从句比较简单，它在主从复合句中充当宾语成份，通常可以由that，if, whether及what引导。使用宾语从句时应注意的是，有时可以设it为形式宾语，真正宾语是后边的从句。例：I always take it for granted that I am far more intell
36、igent than he is.句子的it指代的是后边that从句的内容。4主语从句 主语从句在主从复合句中充当主语，可以引导主语从句的词有what, that以及who, why, where, when等连接代词或连接副词。为避免头重脚轻，特别是在口语中，通常设it为形式主语，与下边这些结构连用。主语从句It is a pity that It is an honor that It is a shame that It is a good thing that It is a fact that It is a surprise that 以及It is strange that It
37、 is surprising that It is true that It is fortunate that It is necessary that It is possible(impossible)that 例题1）It is desirable that he _. Agives up trying B. give up trying C. would give up trying D. is going to give up trying答案B。本句也是一种虚拟语气句。 例题2） _ I saw was two men crossing the street. A. What B
38、. Whom C. Who D. That答案为A。倒装句 1. 否定词放置句首时, 助动词或be 动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装. 常用的否定词有：not, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, (in)under no circumstance, by no means, no sooner than)。例如：Not until I reminded him for the third time _ working and looked up. A. that he stopped B. does he stopped C. did he
39、stop D. that he stopped答案为C。 倒装句2Onlyadv. 句子要倒装。例如：Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。倒装句3. nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。例如：So little _ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me. A. did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I know答案为A
40、。 倒装句4. 虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized答案为B。强调句 强调句句型：我们这里主要讲陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
41、他是昨天碰见的李平。 强调句 注意：1. 构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is 。强调句2. not until 句型的强调句 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It w
42、as not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 直到他妻子回来他才上床睡觉。3. 谓语动词的强调 1）It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。 e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。 He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 2）注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后
43、面的谓语动词用原形。主谓一致 一致性是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面的相互一致关系。我们这里主要讲主语和谓语的一致。需要注意以下几点：1. 集合名词作主语时如表示整体概念，谓语动词须用单数；如表示成员，谓语动词须用复数。例如：The family were watching TV. 全家人在看电视。My family is a big one. 我家人口多。常见的这类名词还有army, audience, class, club, crew, crowd, committee, company, couple, group, government, party, staff, s
44、chool, team, union, public等。有些集合名词（如people, police, youth 等）谓语动词须用复数。如：The police were tracking the murderer. 警察正在追踪凶手。2. 数词和表示时间、度、量、温度、钱额等名词作主语表示一定的量或总和时，谓语动词多半用单数形式。如：Three hours is enough for us to perform this experiment. 我们做这个实验有三个小时就足够了。That five thousand dollars is yours.那五千美金是你的。3. 在“one of
45、 + 复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般修饰复数名词，所以该从句的谓语动词要用复数。如：This is one of the longest rivers that have ever been seen.这是曾见过的最长的河流之一。He is one of my friends who are lawyers.我是我当律师的朋友中的一个。4. 由合成代词some (any, no, every) + thing (body, one) 作主语，由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，以及由
46、限定词either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one 等+名词作主语时，谓语动词均用单数形式。如：Noboday knows how many stars there are in the sky.谁都不知道天上有多少星星。Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不对。5. 某些连词连接的名词或代词作主语：根据毗邻一致的原则，与邻近的主语一致。这类连词包括or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等。如：Neither I nor she was awarded the pr
47、ize.我和她都没有获奖。在there be 存在句中，多数情况下也可根据毗邻一致的原则来决定谓语动词用单数还是复数。如：There are three patients in the waiting room.候诊室里有三个病人。There is a doctor and two nurses in the clinic.诊所里有一个医生和两个护士。机考试卷分析 16. Singing these songs, I could not help _ the good old days.A. thinking over B. thinking out C. thinking of D. thi
48、nking up试题与难度： 等级1 难度1标准答案：C机考试卷分析17. This train is going _ the tunnel quickly.A. down B. through C. along D. in试题与难度： 等级1 难度1标准答案：B机考试卷分析18. Peter worked so fast with the maths problems _ a lot of mistakes.A. as to make B. that made C. to make D. that he made标准答案：D机考试卷分析19. _ this is an event of wo
49、rld historic significance is quite evident.A. What B. That C. Because D. Since试题与难度： 等级2 难度1标准答案：B机考试卷分析20. - In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think. - I dont agree with you. Speaking is _ reading.A. as important as B. so important asC. the most important D. the same a
50、s试题与难度： 等级2 难度1标准答案：A综合实例分析 1. You ought _ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday. A. to report B. to have reported C. to reporting D. have reported答案：B。本句测试情态动词ought to完成时，表示应当做的事情而没有做。本句的意思是：“前天你应当向经理汇报这件事情。”因此B为正确答案。综合实例分析2. We look forward to _ to the opening ceremony. A. invite B. b
51、e invited C. having been invited D. being invited答案：D。look forward to短语中的to是介词，因此其后要接动名词做宾语，又根据题意，要用动名词的被动。本句的意思是：“我们都盼望着能被邀请参加开幕式。综合实例分析3. I will never forget the ten years _ we both spent in the little village. A. when B. during which C. which D. in which答案：C。该题是定语从句。关系代词which在定语从句中做动词spent的宾语。综合实
52、例分析4. Not until most of the people had left the airport _ his sister was there. A. that he saw B. had he seen C. did he see D. that he had seen 答案：C。not until 放在句首，句子倒装。又如：Not until he finished his homework did Li Ming watch TV.李明做完作业后才看电视。综合实例分析5. It is because she is very devoted to her students _
53、 she is respected by them. A. that B. which C. what D. who答案：A。本句为强调句型。It is(was)that/who；who（只能强调人）；that（可强调人和物）因为本句是强调原因，所以只能选择A。又如：It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting.就在明天他们要开会。(强调时间状语) It is they who(that)will have a meeting tomorrow.就是他们明天要开会。（强调人，可以用who或that）综合实例分析6. I didnt go to the
54、 party, but I do wish I _ there. A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be答案：C。wish 后面的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。与现在的事实相反（用过去时）：I wish I were you .但愿我是你多好啊！与过去的事实相反的愿望（用过去完成时）:I wish he hadnt made the big mistake.他要是不犯那个大错误， 该有多好！与将来的愿望相反即愿望难以实现（用过去将来时）I wish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我将来有点用处。综合实例
55、分析7. The fisherman, _ poor, could not buy another boat. A. is B. was C. being D. been 答案：C。分词短语作原因状语。本句的意思是“因为穷，这个渔夫买不起另一条船。”Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。总结 语法试题要求考生平常要认真学习语法知识，多看一些例句以增强自身的应试能力。另外答题时要注意“语境”。以上介绍的解题技巧都必须建立在掌握一定的词汇量和坚实的语法基础之上，离开了这一基础，解题技巧只能是无源之水，无本之木。另外，这些解题技巧又不是孤立的，有时需要同时运用两种或更多的技巧才能选出正确答案。谢谢！
