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1、专题十定语从句专题十定语从句怎么考在语法填空与短文改错中考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的用法，侧重考查that，which，when，where的用法。怎么学在平时的学习中，不死抠，不死背语法条目，而要在语篇中认真体会、学习与印证。怎么解1.弄清关系代词和关系副词所代替的先行词和关系词在从句中所作的成分；2.思考其语法特征和语义特征，注意区分意义相近的关系词。.体验考向单句语法填空1.(2016全国卷)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，_ I was the first W
2、estern TV reporter.2.(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.3.(2015广东卷)When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the m
3、arket _ people from the towns met regularly.4.(2015四川卷)The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.5.(2014广东卷)The next day，my brother and I went to the beach _ we watched some people play volleyball.6.(2014全国卷)Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.答案1.when由句子结构可以判断这是一个
4、定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。2.that/which漓江的江水被许多艺术家描绘过。根据句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是waters，故定语从句的关系代词应该使用that或which。3.where考查定语从句。where people from the towns met regularly是定语从句，修饰market，where在定语从句中作状语。4.whose考查定语从句。句意：桌子上封面闪闪发亮的那些书是我们的奖品。先行词为books，关系代词在从句中作名词covers的定语，故用whose。5.where考
5、查定语从句的关系词。关系词在句中作地点状语，先行词是beach，故用where。6.that/which考查定语从句的关系词。空缺之后是一个定语从句，由于定语从句中缺少主语且先行词是a habit，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。.考点集训集训单句语法填空1.(2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C，influenced the development of chopsticks.2.(2015江苏卷)The num
6、ber of smokers，_is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.3.(2015湖南卷)It is a truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.4.(2014天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，all of _ uses it diffe
7、rently.5.(2014四川卷)Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，_ is quite unexpected.6.(2014山东卷)A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.7.(2014湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.8
8、.(2012安徽卷)A lot of language learning，_ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.答案1.who2.as3.which4.which5.which 6.whose7.when8.as集训用适当的关系代词完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会关系代词的用法。Do you know the man _1_ wrote this book？He was J
9、ason，one of the engineers _2_ came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory _3_ my father once worked.When he came to China，the first thing _4_ he did was to visit the factory _5_ did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason _6_ China was so backward in it.Then he spent everym
10、inute _7_ he could spare to help China develop transportation._8_ is mentioned above，Jason was a foreigner _9_ made great contributions to our country and was a kind man _10_ we should say thanks.答案1.who/that2.who/that3.where4.that 5.which/that6.why 7.that8.As9.who/that 10.to whom知识胸有成竹一、关系代词that与wh
11、ich的用法辨析1.只用that的情况(1)先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；(2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级；(4)先行词被the only，the very(正是、恰是)，the last等修饰；(5)先行词中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句；(7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in wh
12、ich或省略关系词。2.只用which的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句；(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。二、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置位置上上只能放在先行只能放在先行词的后面的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末也可置于句末搭配搭配上上无无动词的限制的限制谓语动词通常是表示感通常是表示感觉或心或心理活理活动的的动词，如，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等等意思意思上上意意为“这一点一点”表示表示“正如正如
13、，正像，正像的的那那样”三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中动词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”时，介词常用of。常见结构：在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom。“the比较级或最高级”后用of which/whom等。集训奔向高考 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Everybody uses words_1_special
14、 meanings. The more exact we are，the more likely we are to use such words. A word，properly_2_(use)，can be as useful as several sentences，or even a picture.As you study science，you will find that a diagram，a drawing， _3_a photograph may also help you learn and understand. Each of these special words_
15、4_(describe) a kind ofpicture. It is important _5_(learn) the exact meanings of words like these.A photograph is a picture made with a camera. A drawing is a picture done with a pencil，a pen or crayons.A diagram is a drawing，_6_shows the important parts of a thing.You will learn science words by lea
16、rning their definitions. This means that you will learn how to describe what science words mean by_7_(choose) other more familiar words. Soon you will find how easy it is to express_8_(you) clearly with the help of science words.Learning to use science words correctly is not_9_(differ) from learning
17、 to do anything well. We learn by practising and by_10_(constant) trying to improve. It is not so important to say the definitions of words，but it is quite important that we learn to use words correctly to express ideas.【语篇解读】本文讲述了用词准确的重要性，用词恰当会事半功倍。1.with考查介词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，如果空格出现在名词前面，很可能会填冠词、形容词性物主
18、代词或介词等。根据句意可知，该空格处应填介词with，表示“具有，有”，“with special meanings”在句中作后置定语修饰words，意为“具有特殊意义的单词”。2.used考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，而且所填单词并不是并列谓语，那么空格处就要用所给动词的非谓语形式。根据题意可知，A word和use之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。句中properly used为过去分词短语作条件状语，可改写为“if it is properly used”。3.or考查连词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，则很可能填连词。根据语境可知，此处
19、应填表示选择关系的连词or，此处表示一个图表、一幅画或一张照片都可能帮你学习和理解。4.describes考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示每个特殊的单词都描绘一种特定的画面。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；又因为句子的主语是Each，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。5.to learn考查固定句型。在“It isadj.动词不定式”句型中，It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 6.which 考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，先行词为drawing。7.choosing考查现在分词。此处表示这意味着你要通过
20、选择其他更熟悉的单词来描绘科学词汇的意思。该句中用现在分词作方式状语。8.yourself考查反身代词。句子的主语为you，后面的及物动词express后应用其反身代词形式，表示自己承受自己发出的动作。此处表示很快你就会发现在科学词汇的帮助下，你会很清楚地表达自己的意思。9.different考查形容词。所给单词differ为动词，但因为空格前面出现了系动词is，故应用所给单词的形容词形式different。be different from是一个固定词组，表示“不同于”，相当于differ from。10.constantly考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知空格处修饰trying to improve，应用副词。所给单词constant为形容词，表示“不断的”，形容词转化为副词时往往在后面加ly。
