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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气SubjunctiveMoodGRAMMAR语法语法4陈述语气陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadntcomebackhomeyet.4祈祈使语气使语气Letsgo.Donttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一一.语气的分类语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈陈述语气述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。用动词的不同形式来表示。4虚拟语气虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveh
2、eralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假而是一中假设设,愿望愿望,怀疑或推测怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句,也可用也可用于名词性从句等于名词性从句等.由由if引导的虚拟条件句叫作引导的虚拟条件句叫作if虚拟条件虚拟条件句句IcouldeasilyrecognizeifIhadseenhimbefore.其他虚拟条件句其他虚拟条件句Withoutyourhelp,Icou
3、ldnthavefinishedmyworkontime.三三.ifSentenceStructureif虚拟条件句的结构虚拟条件句的结构a.表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反的假设的假设b.表示表示与过去事实相反与过去事实相反的假设的假设c.表示表示与将来事实相反与将来事实相反的假设的假设虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if if 条件句中的用法，条件句中的用法，主要看谓语主要看谓语动词的变化。动词的变化。1）表示与现在事实相反）表示与现在事实相反 条件从句条件从句 主句主句 一般过去时一般过去时 （bebe多用多用werewere） would/should/could/might动词原形动词原形例
4、如：例如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.如果我有空，我就去那儿。如果我有空，我就去那儿。Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,IwouldIfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoneyIwouldbuyavilla.a.Ifthey_(be)here,they_(take)youradvice.b.Ifthewor
5、ld-war_(burst)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman_(benot)inthatroom,it_(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_(be)inyourposition,I_(ask)forteachershelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask2）与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 条件从句条件从句 主句主句 过去完成去完成时 would/should/could/m
6、ighthave done 例如：例如：Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldnthavemissedthebus.如果如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI_howtoswim,I_trappedinthisis
7、land.hadlearntwouldnothavebeena.IfTom_(be)morecarefulintheexam,he_(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_(get)upearlier,you_(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_(meet)youyesterday,we_(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone3）与与将来事将来事实可能相反可能相反 条件从句条件从句
8、主句主句 一般过去时一般过去时（be多用多用were）shoulddo,weretodowould/should/could/might动词原形动词原形例如：例如：Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他来了假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.假如他看见我假如他看见我,就会认识我。就会认识我。Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.假如他来了假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如
9、他看见我假如他看见我,就会认识我。就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.a.Ifthere_(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we_(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What_(happen)ifyou_(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_(control)theworldsomeday,here_(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolw
10、ouldbe主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同不同,这叫做这叫做混合条件句混合条件句。例句：例句：从句与过去事实相反从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实主句与现在事实相反相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.二二.虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在:过去时（过
11、去时（were）过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时未来未来:would/could/might+V.should1.IwishIwereabird.(现在现在)2.IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去过去)3.Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(将来将来)他那样对待我他那样对待我,好像我式陌生人似的。好像我式陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生如果表示的事情可能会发生,那那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。述语气。Evenifshewer
12、ehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.3.Its(about/high)time+that该是做某事的时候了该是做某事的时候了过去时过去时should+V.你该走了。你该走了。Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议的虚拟语气，建议的虚拟语气，从从句用句用should+v(原原),should可以省略可以省略宾语从句中常见动词宾语从句中常见动
13、词:一个坚持一个坚持,两个两个命令命令,三个建议三个建议,四个要求四个要求。即。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire我们建议我们建议Tom早点出发。早点出发。WesuggestedthatTomshouldhavestartearly.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.她坚决要求我和她一起逛街。她坚决要求我和她一起逛街。Sheinsistedtha
14、tI(should)goshoppingwithher.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire5.without和和butfor构成虚拟。构成虚拟。Without Without 如果没有，要不是如果没有，要不是but forbut for要不是要不是1.如果没有阳光，人们的生活将会不同。如果没有阳光，人们的生活将会不同。Wi
15、thoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferent.2.要不是你的帮助，我不可能完成工作。要不是你的帮助，我不可能完成工作。Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.6.Ifonly要是就好了要是就好了要是我知道他的名字就好了。要是我知道他的名字就好了。IfonlyIknewhisname!要是我没有错过火车就好了。要是我没有错过火车就好了。IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!要是我能够再见到他就好了。要是我能够再见到他就好了。IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!7.Itsnecessar
16、y/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟从句中的动词要用虚拟,即即(should)+动词原形动词原形Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.9.某些简单句的固定句型，表示祝愿，诅咒等某些简单句的固定句型，表示祝愿，诅咒等:Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayy
17、ousucceed!LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!ExercisesI1.You_tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecome D.shouldhavecome2.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_.”A.hadB.did C.haveD.will3.Hereissomemoneyincaseyou_it.A.needsB.needC.neededD.willnee
18、d4.Hedemandedthattheclassroom_atonce.A.shouldclean B.cleanC.shouldhavebeencleanedD.becleaned5.Butforyourcarelessness,we_.A.havesucceededB.hadsucceededC.wouldhavesucceededD.succeeded6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Janesfacesuggestedt
19、hatshe_ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has8.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen9.IwishI_themeetinglastweek.A.couldattendB.attendedC.haveattendedD.hadattended10.Mysuggestionisthatwe_the
20、sportsmeeting.A.wouldputoffB.shouldputoffC.puttedoffD.beputoff11.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater_cleaner.A.shouldbemadeB.ismadeC.wouldbemadeD.wasmade12.Dontcomethisafternoon.Idratheryou_tomorrow.A.comeB.tocomeC.cameD.willcome13.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_before6.A.wasfinishedB.will
21、finishC.befinishedD.shallbefinishedII.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。完整。1.HadInotseenitwithmyowneyes,I_(都不会相信的都不会相信的).2.IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I_(会和你一起去会和你一起去).3.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,you_(现在一切都好了现在一切都好了).wouldbeallrightnowwouldnthavebelieveditwouldgowithyou4.HadMarkbeenincharge,it_(就不会发生就不
22、会发生了了).5.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe_(已经离开了好多年已经离开了好多年).hadbeenawayformanyyearswouldnthavehappenedIII.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.IfI_(know)moreaboutgivingfirstaid,I_(help)themwhentheaccidenthappened.2.IfI_(be)aman,I_(run)forpresident.3.Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthesidedoor?No,ifh
23、e_(have),he_(notbreak)thewindowofthelivingroom.hadknowncouldhavehelpedwerewouldrunhadhadwouldnthavebroken4.Iwouldratheryou_(stay)athomelastnight.5.Iwishthattherain_(stop)immediately.6.Theytalkedasifthey_(be)goodfriendsformanyyears.hadbeenhadstayedwouldstop翻译练习翻译练习1.我要是你的话我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好。我就会把英语学好。2.如果你昨天来如果你昨天来,你就会看见他。你就会看见他。3.万一明天下雨万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去。我们就不到那儿去。4.我希望我十年前认识他。我希望我十年前认识他。5.他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。Homework
