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1、走向高考走向高考 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版(课标卷地区课标卷地区) 高考总复习高考总复习 语法专项突破语法专项突破 第二部分第二部分专题九情态动词与虚拟语气专题九情态动词与虚拟语气第二部分第二部分情态动词一、9大情态动词的基本用法情态动词主要用法典句例示can/could表示能力(could常用于过去的能力)The police still havent found the lost child，but theyre doing all they can.警察还没有找到丢失的孩子，但是他们正在竭尽全力地寻找。表示理论上的可能性，“有时候可能
2、会”It can be quite windy there，especially in spring.那里有时容易刮风，特别是在春季。表示请求和允许，口语中常用could代替can(could用来表示现在，用以委婉地提出请求等)You can first lend me one book this time.这次你可以借给我一本书。Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?你可以告诉我去火车站怎么走吗？表示推测，“可能”Just be patient.You cant expect the world to change so
3、 soon.耐心一点儿，你不可能期望世界变化如此快。情态动词主要用法典句例示may/might表示请求、允许、许可，might比may的语气更委婉May I take the book out?我可以将这本书带出去吗？Im afraid not.恐怕不行。表示推测，“可能”，可能性比can/could小I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?我真的不喜欢詹姆斯，你为什么邀请他？Dont worry.He might not come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.不用担心，他可能
4、不来，他说过对他的计划他拿不准。情态动词主要用法典句例示must表示“必须；应该”Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?我现在要告诉他日程的改变吗？I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.恐怕你必须告诉他，以防他开会迟到。表示“偏要，硬要”做某事If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非得要走的话，至少等到暴风雨停了再走。表示推测，“一定”Good morning.I
5、ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.早上好，我和人事部的Smith小姐有约。Ah，good morning.You must be Mrs.Peters.啊哈，早上好。那您一定就是Peters女士了。情态动词主要用法典句例示shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见Shall we go to the theatre by bus?我们乘公交车去剧院好吗？What shall he do next?他下一步干什么呢？用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此
6、外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shallWill you read me a story，Mummy?妈妈，能给我讲个故事吗？OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.可以呀，只要你尽快上床睡觉就给你讲。情态动词主要用法典句例示should表示劝告和建议，作“应该”讲You should learn from each other.你们应该相互学习。表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”Why should you be so late today?你今天怎么来得这么晚？When I went out，whom should
7、I meet but my old friend Jack!当我出去时，想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友杰克！用在if条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能If you should fail to come，ask Mr.Smith to work in your place.万一你来不了，就让史密斯先生代替你。情态动词主要用法典句例示will/would用于表示意志或意愿Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?你昨晚为什么没来参加西蒙的晚会？I wanted to，but my mom simply would not let me out
8、 so late at night.我本来想去的，但是晚上这么晚我妈妈就是不让我出去。表示“请求；建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些Will/Would you please keep the door open?请让门开着好吗？Will/Would you go with me?你愿意和我一起去吗？表示习惯：will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用wouldShe will listen to music alone in her room for hours.她独自在房间里听音乐，一听往往就是几小时。He would get up early whe
9、n he lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是早起。表示事物的某种性质和倾向Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水面上。情态动词主要用法典句例示need表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中I neednt worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.我不必为周末忧虑我总是在周末到来前准备好计划。dare表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”I darent catc
10、h the mouse.我不敢捉老鼠。How dare she do things like that to me?她怎么敢对我做那种事？ought to表示义务，意为“应当”，语气比should强，表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测，意为“应是，应该”You ought to work harder than before.你应该比以前更努力地工作。(表示义务)You dont look well.You ought to go to see the doctor.你气色不好，应该去看医生。(表示建议)二、3组易混情态动词用法比较情态动词主要用法典句例示can(could)/be able toca
11、n/couldcan只有现在式和过去式could，表示一般能力No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.在打篮球方面，没有谁能和姚明相比。Oh，you are really his big fan.噢，你真是他的忠实粉丝。be able to有更多的形式，was/were able to表示通过努力、克服困难做成某事The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.大火迅速蔓延了整个旅馆，但每个人都得以出去。情
12、态动词主要用法典句例示must/have tomust侧重表示说话人的主观看法；只有一种形式Doctors say that exercise is important for health，but it must be regular exercise.医生说锻炼对健康重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。have to表示客观需要，有多种形式You dont have to buy a gift，but you can if you want to.你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。would/used towould表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作，没有与现在对比的含义，不可用于无人称
13、句或存在句He would go to the park as soon as he was free.他常常一有空就去公园。used to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，强调今昔对比(意味着“现在不再了”)，可用于无人称句或存在句They used to live here，didnt they?他们以前住在这里，是不是？情态动词主要用法典句例示特别提醒(1)can的一些常用固定搭配cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不，只好”cannot/can never.enough/to
14、o再也不为过(2)may的一些常用固定搭配may well动词原形意为“完全能，很可能”，may as well动词原形意为“最好，倒不如”。(3)mustnt表示“禁止”“不许做某事”回答用need提问的问句时与回答用must提问的问句时一样，肯定回答用must，否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。I cannot choose but go.我只好去。You cannot be careful enough.你再细心也不为过。Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.她的模样
15、变化太大，你很可能认不出她了。You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。三、5大表示推测的情态动词用法比较情态动词适用句式适用时态意义典句例示must肯定句一般时、进行时、完成时一定、肯定Jack described his father，who must have been a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man.杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。can(could)疑问句，否定句一般时、进行时、完成时可能，能够It cant be the postman at t
16、he door.Its only six oclock.现在才六点，门外的不可能是邮递员。情态动词适用句式适用时态意义典句例示May(might)肯定句，否定句一般时、进行时、完成时也许，可能I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.我把手提包忘在火车上了，但幸运的是，有人把它交给了车站工作人员。How unbelievable to get it back！I mean, someone might have stolen it.能找回真是令人难以置信！我想，可能有人偷了呢
17、。情态动词适用句式适用时态意义典句例示Should(ought to)肯定句，否定句一般时确定或期待，“应该”I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.我本来不应该看那部电影的它会使我做噩梦的。will(would)肯定句、否定句、疑问句一般时、进行时、完成时大概This will be the house youre looking for.这大概就是你找的那所房子了。I think he would accept the invitation.我想他会接受邀请的。虚拟语气一、状语从句中虚拟语气的用法1非真实
18、条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式例句表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形If I had time, I would go there.表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词If you had come earlier, you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.表示将来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形If it should rain/rained/rain
19、ed/ /were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.动词过去式were to动词原形2.目的状语从句(1)so that/in order that从句：从句谓语用can/could/may/ might动词原形。We got up early in order that we could catch the early bus.我们早起是为了能赶上早班车。(2)for fear that/in case that从句：从句谓语用should动词原形，意为“以防，万一”。We got up early for fear
20、 that we should miss the early bus.我们早起以防错过早班车。(3)lest从句：从句谓语用should动词原形，意为“以防，万一”。We got up early lest that we should miss the early bus.我们早起以防错过早班车。3方式状语从句as if/as though从句：(1)与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；(2)与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；(3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语用would/could/might动词原形。名师点拨as if/as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气。She sp
21、eaks English as if/as though she were a native of New York.她讲英语好像她是一位地道的纽约人。(虚拟语气)It seems as if he doesnt know her.他似乎不认识她。(可能的事实)二、其他从句中虚拟语气的用法1主语从句中的虚拟语气It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/ natural/essential/a pitythat从句，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。Its strange that she(should
22、)make so much trouble.很奇怪她居然惹这么多麻烦。2宾语从句中的3种虚拟语气(1)表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用“(should)动词原形”。坚持：动词insist；命令：order，command；建议：动词advise，suggest，propose，recommend；要求：动词request，require，demand，ask。It is suggested that I(should)exercise every day.有人建议我应该天天锻炼。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children
23、 under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.老师建议父母出于安全考虑最好不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。名师点拨suggest意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气；insist意为“坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。(2)I wish(that)宾语从句(虚拟语气)。表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时；How he wishes that he were a bird!他真希望他是一只小鸟。表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时；We wish that we had visited the Great Wall
24、last year.我们要是去年去参观长城就好了。表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用could/would动词原形。We wish we would live on the moon one day.但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。(3)would rather/preferthat从句(从句用虚拟语气)表示愿望与“现在事实或将来事实相反”，从句用一般过去时；I would rather you were not here with me now.我宁愿你现在不和我在一起。表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时。I would rather you hadnt done that.我宁愿
25、你没做过那件事。3表语从句和同位语从句中的两种虚拟语气(1)在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should)动词原形”。He gave orders that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained.他下达命令客人们应该被热情款待。(2)as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。It looks as if he were 10 ye
26、ars younger today.他今天看上去似乎年轻了10岁。It looks as if he hadnt had a meal for a week.他好像一周没吃过饭了。4定语从句中的虚拟语气Its(about/high/very)timethat从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时或should do，should不能省略)，意为“某人该做某事了”。Its time that we should go/went home.我们该回家了。三、3种特殊的虚拟语气结构类型要点归纳典句例示在条件句中的省略如果虚拟条件句中含有were，should，had三个词，可将if省略，把这三个词置于主语之前，形成部分倒装Were I in your position，I would do the same.要是我处于你的位置，我也会做同样的事。Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。
