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1、专题四语法填空专题四语法填空知识运用篇知识运用篇第二部分有提示词填空有提示词填空第一讲动词的时态、语态及主谓一致第一讲动词的时态、语态及主谓一致1 1技技 能能 突突 破破3 3随随 堂堂 训训 练练2 2走走 出出 误误 区区4 4复复 习习 练练 案案技技 能能 突突 破破技法1：基本定义需记牢高考语法填空对时态的考查多为基本定义的考查，因此掌握高考考试说明中规定的时态的基本用法对解题非常重要 (2016全国卷)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and_ (be) too violent for use at
2、 the table.解题思路分析句子结构句子缺少谓语根据从句中的would及连词and判断谓语动词表示过去联想表示过去的时态的基本定义尝试解答：_were(2016北京高考改编)I _(read) half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.(2016北京高考改编)Jack _ (work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I _ (leave)my book in the
3、cafe.The best information about hotels usually _(come)from friends who have been there.have read was working had left comes 技法2：时间状语要明了在高考语法填空中，有时会直接给出时间标志，考生可以根据所给标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案。(2016四川高考)Then，after two and a half years，the mother_(drive)the young panda away.解题思路分析句子结构句子缺少谓语根据时间状语after two and a ha
4、lf years判断表示过去的情况尝试解答：_Drove 技法解读牢记各种时态常用标志词看到always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month.)，once a week(day，year，month.)，on Sundays等时间状语，想到一般现在时；看到yesterday，last时间(如1astweek，month. year，Monday等)，in过去的年份，时间ago(如a few minutes ago，two weeks ago，years ago等)，before，the age of，the other day，
5、once upon a time，时间段later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时；看到tomorrow，next day(week，month，year.)，soon，the day after tomorrow，in时间段(in two hours，in a few minutes等)，in the future等时间段，要想到用一般将来时；看到now，at this time，at this moment，look，listen，at present，these days，this week等标志词，要想到用现在进行时；看到for一段时间，since时间点，since时间段ago，ever
6、 since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，lately，recently，up to now，in/during/over the past/last一段时间，要想到用现在完成时；看到by/before/by the end of/by the time of过去时间点，要想到用过去完成时。(2015全国卷)This cycle _(go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for
7、 the outside temperatures.Once up on a time，there _ (be)a silly emperor who loved clothing more than anything else.At the moment，he is _(write)an article which is related to the origin of human beings.In the last few years，China _ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.goes was writin
8、g has made 技法3：语境理解少不了高考对动词的考查更关注通过语境解题，因此学会判断上下文的语境信息很关键。(2017江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which _(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.解题思路分析句子结构句子缺少谓语根据主句时态strengthened判断从句谓语表达过去发生的事情尝试解答：_was 技法解读句子没有明确的时间状语，考生需借助上下文语境，挖掘 出隐含
9、信息，弄清动作发生的时间以及顺序，才能得出答案。(2014全国卷)In 1969，the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It _(be)unimaginable that it could be ever cleaned up.To my delight，I _(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.I went to Ningxia and _(stay) there for one year，
10、teaching as a volunteer.was was chosen staged 技法4：固定句式很重要固定句式在高考语法填空中占有一席之地，因此记牢它们对解题非常关键。(2017天津高考) I _(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.解题思路分析句子结构使用固定结构“was/were doing.when.正在.就在这时突然.”。根据固定结构判断主句中时态应用过去进行时尝试解答：_解析：考查固定句型was/were doing.when.正在.就在这时突然.。句意：我正驾车开
11、往伦敦，就在这时我突然发现自己走错了路。was driving 技法解读牢记几种固定句式看到no sooner.than.或hardly.when.，要想到主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；看到并列连词when，要想到与was/were doing连用；看到It/This/That is序数词that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时；看到It/This/That was序数词that从句，要想到从句用过去完成时；看到It/This is最高级十名词that从句，要想到从句用现在完成时；看到“祈使句and/or陈述句”，要想到陈述句用一般将来时。Its said that this is the
12、first time the painting _(show) to the public，which attracts many people.It goes without saying that this is the best place I _(be) to.Yesterday，I _(wait)for bus when the rain started to come down.Put your heart into study，and you _(make)a lot of progress soon.has been showed have been was waiting w
13、ill make 技法5：逻辑关系要理清搞清句中主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是做题的根本。如果主语和谓语存在主动关系，用主动语态；如果主语和谓语存在被动关系，用被动语态。(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might_(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.解题思路分析句子结构句子缺少谓语判断主语chopsticks与谓语make的逻辑关系被动关系尝试解答：_be made 技法解读(1)牢记高考常考的几种时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态构成(以do为例)一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时wa
14、s/were done一般将来时shall/will be done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done将来完成时shall/will have been done(2)不能用被动语态的动词和短语不及物动词(短语)没有宾语，故不能用于被动语态。take place，come true，come about，break out，appear，happen，disappear，last，arise等。表示主语特征的词，如read，wash，write，se
15、ll，wear，lock，break，catch，cut，drive，open等，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。系动词如appear，be，become，fall，feel，get，grow，keep，look，remain，seem smell，sound，stay，taste，turn等不能用于被动语态。(2016四川高考)The giant，panda _ (love)by people throughout the world.(2016江苏高考改编)More efforts，as reported，_ (make)in the
16、years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform.(2017江苏高考)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he _(follow)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what _(look)nice.Because of the heavy snow，a serious accident _(happen) to the family.is loved will be made was bein
17、g followed looks happened 技法6：主谓一致原则(2016全国卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_(be) often acceptable.解题思路分析句子结构句子缺少谓语动名词短语作主语可判断谓语动词用单数尝试解答：_is技法解读(1)语法一致原则主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。当and连接两个或多个名词，或both.and.连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as
18、，no less than，rather than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。“a number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。(2)意义一致原则即谓语动词用单数形式
19、还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government等)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。(3)就近一致原则由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).，not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致
20、。There be.和Here be.这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。(2017温州一模)It was the boy，rather than his teacher，that _(be) to blame for what he had done.(2017双鸭山一模)The number of traffic accidents that happen in developing countries _(be) increasing.To a disabled person，even 50 meters _(be)a long distance to cover.It
21、is reported that there _(be) going to be heavy storms in the coming month.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ (be) tired of having one examination after another.was is is are are At yesterdays party，the number of people invited _ (be) fifty，but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons.(2
22、017天津高考)Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，_(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.was were is regarded 时成语态解题技巧四步、一提醒第一步，确定句子是否缺谓语如果括号中给出的词是动词，首先分析句子成分，看句子是否缺谓语。第二步，确定动词的时态确定缺少谓语之后，根据具体的语境、时间状语等确定使用哪种时态。第三步，确定动词的语态根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定语态。第四步，确定主谓一致最后根据主语确定谓语动词在人称和数上的一致性。提醒：
23、如果括号中给出的词是动词，偶尔会考查词性转换。例如：Every morning when we get up，we have a _(choose)of how we want to face life that day.choice 走走 出出 误误 区区易错点1相近时态混用(2017青岛一模)China _ (spend)a lot of money on such research over the past years.(母题变式)China _ (spend)a lot of money on such research before Tu Youyou gained the awa
24、rd.has spent had spent 点拨现在完成时和过去完成时的区别(1)现在完成时是指某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，或对现在有影响，是站在“现在”的时间点上；过去完成时则比现在完成时往前推了一段时间，即“过去的过去”，是站在“过去”的时间点上。(2)题根据over the past years可知spend这个动作是站在“现在”的时间点上，填has spent；题根据before Tu Youyou gained the award可判断spend这个动作是站在“过去”的时间点上，填had spent。易错点2语境信息把握不准(2017东城一模)The manager _ (l
25、eave) for London for a business conference this afternoon Can you get him to the airport?(母题变式)The manager _ (leave) for London for a business conference already.Can you visit him when he comes back?is leaving has left 点拨(1)根据题中后文Can you get him to the airport？说明经理将要离开，此处be现在分词表示将来时，故填 is leaving。(2
26、)根据题中后文Can you visit him when he comes back？说明经理已经离开。另外，根据标志词already，故填has left。易错点3把其他成分当成主语It is reported that these ways to grow more trees in the desert _ (be) very effective.(母题变式)It is reported that finding ways to grow more trees in the desert _ (be) his life goal.are is 点拨(1)题中主语为these ways，
27、因此谓语要用复数形式。(2)题中主语为finding ways，动名词作主语，因此谓语要用单数形式。随随 堂堂 训训 练练.单句练习 More subway lines_(build)to make travelling easy in Beijing in the coming years. Since its start，WeChat_(develop) into the most popular messaging communication service in China.The father as well as his three children_(go)skating on
28、the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. My grandpa has been enjoying good health ever since he _ (stop) smoking. My uncle_(live) in Taiwan for 20 years.Now he has settled down in the mainland.will be built has developed goes stopped lived Every December Nobel Prizes_(award) to people who
29、have made outstanding contributions to the world.He was unhappy when he sold his violin.After all，he _(have) it for a very long time. The professor has just finished writing a book and it _ (publish) before long.are awarded had will be published .易错练习：注意下列动词的不规则变化He opened the door，_(take) off his c
30、oat and went into the kitchen.He_(write) a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.For example，the information for weather forecasts _(send) by satellites. The dog was very happy，and_(eat) the meat up at once. The pictures di
31、splayed on the wall_( choose) from thousands of students.took wrote is sent ate were chosen .语篇练习：用适当的时态语态填空。Every April，there 1._(be) a special day when people remember and honor their ancestors.It 2._(call) Tomb Sweeping Day，also known as Qingming Festival.Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chines
32、e festival.It 3._(begin) over 2,000 years ago.A lot of poems about Qingming 4._(write) by the end of the Tang Dynasty.A well-known poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu 5._(describe) the day: “Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes，and passersby with lowered spirits go.”is is called began had been writt
33、en describes Tomb Sweeping Day 6._( be) a public holiday on the Chinese mainland since 2008.On this day，families bring flowers，food and wine to their ancestors tombs.Food like cakes and fruits 7._(put) in front of the tombs.Thats because people think that visiting tombs during Qingming Festival 8._(
34、be) to show respect to their dead family members.However，Tomb Sweeping Day is not only about this.During that time，the weather 9._(get)warm.So Tomb Sweeping Day also means finally being able to garden and enjoy outdoor activities in China.It is not clear whether these ways of celebrating Tomb Sweepi
35、ng Day 10._(change)in the future.has been is put is is getting will be changed 解析：由Every April可知此处表示经常性动作，故用一般现在时，there be句型中主语是a special day。解析：句意：它被称为清明节。根据句意可知此处用被动语态。解析：由时间标志词over 2,000 years ago可知此处用一般过去时。解析：by the end of过去的时间，该句要用过去完成时。此外，poem和write存在被动关系。解析：文学作品中描述的事例，要用一般现在时。解析：since过去的时间点，主句用现在完成时。复复 习习 练练 案案
