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1、Unit5GrammarEllipsisGRAMMARELLIPSIS ( (省略）省略）Unit 51. 省略句的定义省略句的定义 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。 2. 句子成分的省略句子成分的省略省略前提：省略前提：主谓宾主谓宾，定状表定状表，如有重复可删掉。，如有重复可删掉。省略原则：词语省略后，不致令人费解。省略原则：词语省略后，不致令人费解。省略类型：省略类型： 1. 心照不宣型心
2、照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)； 2. 承前省后型承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)； 3. 可有可无型可有可无型(用于宾从中的用于宾从中的that、定从中作宾语、定从中作宾语 的的whom,which,that和某些状从中和某些状从中); 4. 虚拟倒装型虚拟倒装型(只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中)。主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so so 或或 not not代替。常代替。常用于此类的动词有用于此类的动词有beli
3、eve , think, expect, guess, believe , think, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tellhope, imagine, suppose, say, tell等以及等以及appear, appear, seem, afraid etc.seem, afraid etc.(4) Do you think he will attend the meeting? -I guess not.(1) Is he coming back tonight? -I think so(2) She must be bu
4、sy now? -If so, she cant go with us.(3) Is she feeling better today? -Im afraid not.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略 省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留toto，但如果该，但如果该宾语是动词宾语是动词bebe或完成时态，则须在之后加上或完成时态，则须在之后加上bebe或或have:have:(1) Are you going there?-Yes, Id like to(2) He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to(3)
5、 Are you an engineer? -No, but I want .(4) He hasnt finished the task yet. -Well, he ought .(go there).(give me the chance).to beto have其他省略其他省略1 1、连词的、连词的thatthat省略省略(1)(1)宾语从句中常省略从句中常省略连词that.that.(2)(2)I know he is a student.(3)(3)(2)(2)在定在定语从句中，从句中，thatthat在从句中作在从句中作宾语时可省略可省略. .另外，另外，凡是凡是进行行时态和被
6、和被动语态的定的定语从句都可省略关系代从句都可省略关系代词和和bebe动词。 。 He likes the songs (that) Andy Lau sings.(1) He likes the songs (that are) sung by Andy Lau.that2 2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去一致时，可省去“主语主语+be”+be”部分部分其他省略其他省略(1)When still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.(2)She tried her best t
7、hough rather poor in health.(3)While cycling, dont forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。(you are)(you)(he was)(she was)2. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构：英语中有一些固定的省略结构：a) 在以在以if, when, though, as if（好象）（好象）等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是是be ，常将主语，常将主语it 和动词和动词be 省略。省略。If necessary, we shall se
8、nd a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。里打电报。Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。他一有可能就来帮助我。it isit isit is其他省略其他省略3 3、连词、连词ifif在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。语序有变化。(3） ）Should there be a flood, what should we do?(1) , they would certainly have come and help us. (2)
9、Were I you, I would do the work betterHad they had timeIf They had had timeIf I were youIf there should be a flood,Notes 1. 省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多么令人激动的消息啊！Pity hes failed. (= It is a pity that hes failed.) 很遗憾，他失败了。I like him more than her. (= I like him m
10、ore than I like her.) 我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。2. 被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。He is taller than I am. 他比我高。（am之后省略tall，补上不合习惯）No parking. 禁止停车。（告示用语 = No parking is allowed here.）有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分：Not at all. 不用谢。No matter. 不要紧。Thanks. 谢谢。1. havent seen you for ages.2. sounds like a good idea.3
11、. sorry to hear that.4. this way, please!5. joining us for a walk?6. some more tea?7. doesnt matter.8. pity you couldnt come.9. terrible weather!10. going to the supermarket?Exercise IItI amwalkWould you likeWould you likeItIt is aWhat/SuchAre youexercise 1.She can swim under water longer than I can
12、 swim under water.2.They discussed whether they should stay in the house or they should try the open air.3.They had a meal, they went out for a walk and then they came back to sleep. 4. Dont bathe if you dont to bathe.5.I dont visit my parents as much as I ought to visit my parents. 3.Rewritethesese
13、ntencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.1.The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.(_)P37 2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to
14、 go to the doctor .(_)(_)(_)5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?or not.6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital .7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and t
15、he blood doesnt run down your throat.8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course .not down your throat.These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ?
16、1)Thetemplesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.Thetemple(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.P374.2)ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.Thefirstbook(that) Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond(bookthatIreadthisterm).3)Toherteacherssurprise,shedid
17、betterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.Toherteacherssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan(shewas)expected(todo).4)Idontthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.Idontthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave(returnedfromthehospital).5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfr
18、ienddidnt.Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidnt(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).7)Soundslikeagoodidea.(It)soundslikeagoodidea.8)AnythingIcandoforyou?(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?1.-Does yo
19、ur brother intend to study German? -Yes, he intends_. A/ B.to C.so D.that2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. B
20、ecause of losingB.A.C.4.If_,well continue our experiment after office hours. A.being necessary B.be necessary C.is necessary D.necessary6. Generally speaking, _according to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be taken5.- Do you think its go
21、ing to rain over the weekend? - _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not D.D.B.7. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and_. A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white8. - Would you like some wine? - Yes, just
22、_. A. little B. very little C. a little D. a fewC.C.Choosethebestanswers.1)-Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwonthave_onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2)-ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?-Yes.Itllbefineifyou_.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)-Arentyouth
23、emanager?-No,andI_A.dontwanttoB.dontwanttobeC.dontwantbeD.dontwant4)-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbegladto5)-Wontyouhaveanothertry?-_.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,IwonthaveC.Yes,IwontD.Yes,Iwill6)-Iwontdoitanymore.-_?A.WhynotB.WhydontdoanymoreC.WhynotdoD.Whydont7)-Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?-_.A.IdontthinkB.No,IdontthinkC.IdontthinksoD.No,Idontso8)-Haveyoufedthecat?-No,but_.A.ImB.IamC.ImjustgoingD.Imjustgoingto
