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1、英语高考专题复习英语高考专题复习短短文文改改错错How to correct a How to correct a compositioncomposition短文改错短文改错 1 短文改错测试点短文改错测试点高高考考英英语语短短文文改改错错主主要要考考查查考考生生在在语语篇篇中中综综合合运运用用英英语语语语言言知知识识的的能能力力,它它不不同同于于单单句句改改错错,考考生生应应在在理理解解短短文文的的基基础础上上,,根根据据上上下下文文的的逻逻辑辑关关系系,对对文文中中的的错错误误做做出出判判断断,并并进进行行纠纠正正。因因此此,该题型综合性强,涉及面广。该题型综合性强,涉及面广。短文改错所
2、考查的知识点涵盖了中短文改错所考查的知识点涵盖了中学英语中的所有的语法内容,侧重学英语中的所有的语法内容,侧重考查考查: :动词和非谓语动词,连词与逻动词和非谓语动词,连词与逻辑关系,副词与形容词等,同时也辑关系,副词与形容词等,同时也兼顾考查名词,冠词,动词时态,兼顾考查名词,冠词,动词时态,代词,行文逻辑和固定搭配等。代词,行文逻辑和固定搭配等。 1 1、贴近实际生活、贴近实际生活2 2、话题有关学生学习生活、话题有关学生学习生活3 3、多以书信和日记的形式出现、多以书信和日记的形式出现4 4、浅显易懂,没有生僻、超纲词汇。、浅显易懂,没有生僻、超纲词汇。5 5、句子结构简单,基本是简单句
3、和并、句子结构简单,基本是简单句和并不复杂的复合句。不复杂的复合句。 常考的短文常考的短文改错的错误主要是以下几个方面:一是语法方面,主要测试动一是语法方面,主要测试动词时态和语态,非谓语动词和短语动词;词时态和语态,非谓语动词和短语动词;名词名词.代词的各种形式,形容词和副词代词的各种形式,形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法;连词以及比较等级的用法;连词.冠词冠词.介词;介词;主谓一致;简单句主谓一致;简单句.并列句和复合句,并列句和复合句,以及倒装以及倒装.省略句等。省略句等。 二二是在行文逻辑方面,主要考查人是在行文逻辑方面,主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的物的性别及相应的物主代词或
4、物的数量及相应的物主代词,句子的并数量及相应的物主代词,句子的并列列.递进递进.转折转折.因果关系;时间的因果关系;时间的先后顺序等先后顺序等 .高考短文改错的短文通常只有高考短文改错的短文通常只有120120个词个词左右,分成左右,分成1010行,短文的难度也与考生行,短文的难度也与考生的习作相当,的习作相当,1010行行中都中都存在错误。各种存在错误。各种错误所占比例为错误所占比例为 2:1:7或者或者 1:1:8:多多 缺缺 错错得法者,事半功倍得法者,事半功倍 一、动词形一、动词形 主要包括两类错误:动词的主要包括两类错误:动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误,以及错误,以及主、谓不一致主、
5、谓不一致的错误。的错误。2007四川卷:四川卷:Whenhegetshome,hesawtheanimalwaitingatthedoor,stillwearinghisjacketwiththewalletinthepocket.2007天津卷:天津卷:InGradeEightItookphysics.InonetestIgetonly36percentoftheanswerscorrect.gotgot2006安徽卷:安徽卷:Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish. 2006安徽卷:安徽卷:Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynew
6、spapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemoutwishespermitted1.Aftertheyhadchosethebookstheywishedtoread,theinstructortoldthemtheprincipalpointshewantedthemtonote.2.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.chosenlikes3.Iwillliketoknowwhereyouwereborn.4.Iwouldlikeyoureaditaga
7、in.5.Myfathermustnthavesaidsuchathing.wouldtocouldnt/cant6.Whenoursixchildrenwereyoung,suppertimeisalwaysbeinginterrupted.7.Growingupisnoteasy.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.8.ThebikeoutsidemyhouseisbelongedtoTom.wasneededbelong解决方案解决方案(1)通读全文,搞清文中动词时通读全文,搞清文中动词时态的主旋律态的主旋律.(2)结合语境,灵活运用时态形结合
8、语境,灵活运用时态形式式.(3)认真推敲,准确把握主动与认真推敲,准确把握主动与被动被动. 考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:面:(1)短文中时态的使用前后不一致。短文中时态的使用前后不一致。(2)在特定语境条件下时态的误用在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如如含有状语从句的复合句中,主句用将来含有状语从句的复合句中,主句用将来时态,而从句中则用一般现在时态时态,而从句中则用一般现在时态)。(3)主动语态和被动语态的混用。主动语态和被动语态的混用。二、名词数二、名词数 指指名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式的用法错误。的用法错误。2007陕西卷:陕西卷:
9、Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.2008浙浙江江卷卷:Anearbycompanywaslookingfor students with good handwriting to writeaddressesonevenlope.Thepaywas10centsperenvelope.lessonsevenlopes2006福建卷福建卷:Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.2006陕西卷:陕西卷:Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.Imsureyouwillfindoneyoulik
10、eit.2006重庆卷:重庆卷:Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.interestcoursessky1.Thebookwillgiveyoualltheinformationsyouneed.2.Heisongoodtermwithme.3.Heisagenerousfellow,andwillsoonmakefriendwithyouagain.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamilyfurniture,fun,homework,paper,news,progress,trouble,wor
11、k(工作),(工作),advice等等informationtermsfriendshome4.Hesenthisdaughtertoagirlshighschool.5.Givemethreespoonfulofsugar.6.AuntMaryreturnedhomeaftertenyearsabsence.7.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.girlsspoonfulsyearsidea 考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:个方面:(1)可名词与不可数名词的混用。可名词与不可数名词的混用。
12、(2)用于固定词组中的一些名词用于固定词组中的一些名词的的用法用法。(3)同义词或反义词的混用。同义词或反义词的混用。1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。与联系。2.记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法殊用法。3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词。名词。三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副 注意注意形容词和副词形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。2007浙江卷:浙江卷:Igottothefinishinglin
13、efirst.Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.2006福建卷:福建卷:Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallaround.proudhappily修饰修饰名词名词、bebe动词动词、系动词系动词要用要用形容词形容词;修饰修饰动词动词、形容词、整个句子、形容词、整个句子用用副词;副词;比较级比较级和和最高级最高级的使用的使用。2008全国卷全国卷IwilllearnmoreaboutthehistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe2008Olympicgames.2006辽宁卷辽宁卷Shewasusualpatie
14、ntwithherstudentsandnevermadethemdisappointed.usuallywell 1.Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.2.Youshouldberespectabletowardsyourteachers.3.Iamabsolutelyuncapabletotellalie.Unfortunatelyfortunately,luckily,obviously,naturally,interestinglyrespectfulincapable4.Youmustmakeyourparentshappily.
15、5.HelookeddifferentlyafterhisreturnfromEurope.6.Thenumberofgirlsisveryfew.happydifferentsmall7.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.8.The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light.9.Thenewpersononthejobfeelsmorebetterafterheorshehasplayedtenniswithotherpeopleintheoffice.l
16、atelightermuch/even/rather考点剖析考点剖析 :(1)形容词和副词的混用,是短形容词和副词的混用,是短文改错中常见的考点之一文改错中常见的考点之一.(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用比较级和最高级的混用或误用. (3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用比较级和最高级修饰语的误用以及近义词的误用以及近义词的误用 .解决方案解决方案(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功熟知形容词和副词的句法功能能.(2)理清短文中形容词和副词理清短文中形容词和副词比较比较等级的关系等级的关系.(3)结合短文内容,准确使用形结合短文内容,准确使用形容词和副词容词和副词.四、非谓语,细辨别四、非谓语,细辨别这是
17、考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词,动名词在分词、过去分词,动名词和和不定式不定式错误。错误。2007浙江卷:浙江卷:Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.2007宁夏卷:宁夏卷:LiMengcameseemeeveryday.to2008重庆卷:重庆卷:Andthereweremanymeaningfulthings2008辽宁卷:辽宁卷:Weallenjoyedthispreciousdaygreatly,rememberthetimewespenttogetherandthepeopletheyweref
18、amiliarwith.rememberingthatwereworththinkofthinking1.Hehasneverbeenheardspeakillofothers.2.Wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireissecurity.3.ItisdifficulttomakeyourselfunderstandinEnglish.tosaidunderstood4.Onhiswayhome,hesuddenlyheardhisnamecalling.5.Butthentherearealwaysmoremysterie
19、slookinto.6.Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.calledtolearning7.Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.8.Hedidntwantsharethingswithotherpeople.9.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaper.10.MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.made
20、totalkingto11.Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.12.I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person .13. Theywantedonechildoranothertocomeoutandplayed.keepingbecomeplay考点剖析考点剖析此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:方面:(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用用.(2)
21、非谓语动词之间的混用非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)在并列结构中非谓语动词在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用的误用.(1)纵观全文或全句,明确句中动纵观全文或全句,明确句中动词所作的句子成分词所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能功能.(3)前后联系,整体把握前后联系,整体把握.六六、 代词代词格,格,细领悟细领悟高考链接高考链接6:IheardthatMr.WangwouldteachourEnglishthisterm.us1.1.人称代词人称代词主格主格和和宾格宾格,物主代词物主代词的使用的使用反身代词反身代词oneselfoneself的使用的使用3 3不定代
22、词不定代词的使用的使用4 4Both,all,either,neither,noneBoth,all,either,neither,none的使用的使用. .5 5. .WhoseWhose 和和whowhos s,itsits和和itits s的区别的区别人称人称单数单数复数复数主格主格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格第一人第一人称称第二人第二人称称第三人第三人称称Imeweusyouyouyouyouhehimsheheritittheythem单数单数复数复数形容形容词性词性物主物主代词代词myyourhisherits ouryourtheir名词名词性物性物主代主代词词mine yours
23、hishers its ours yours theirs五五、 代词代词格,格,细领悟细领悟(2007全国全国I)Iwasonlyaboutsixwhenheheldhishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.mineFinally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.their2008全国全国IIIshouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievement.2007陕西陕西Justatthat
24、timeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed!ourmyselft1.Knowledgeisthereforwhomeverwillseekit.2.Whomdoyouthinkisthewriterofthisbook?3.Hisbrotherscaseisquitedifferentfromme.whoeverwhomine4.Peoplefindincreasinglydifficulttomaketheirliving.5.Heistallerthananyoneinhisclass.6.IspokeamanwhoIthoughttobemycousin.itelse
25、to7.Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.8.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.9.Thosefreshmenfinallylearnedtosolvetheproblemsbythem.themselves考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面:个方面:1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误的错误.2) “it” 一词的不当使用一词的不当使用(包括用包括用于从句中或
26、作形式主语或宾语于从句中或作形式主语或宾语).3)不定代词或反身代词的误用不定代词或反身代词的误用.解决方案解决方案 (1)顺藤摸瓜,理清短文中代词的顺藤摸瓜,理清短文中代词的指代关系,注意联系上下文。指代关系,注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握系统掌握it的各种用法的各种用法 . ( (3 3) )准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。用。 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识,其错误表现形式主要有三种:错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误。配错误。catchasightoflosemyheartinhurryinSun
27、dayafternoonsuchmanypeopleinashortaonso六、习惯用法要记住六、习惯用法要记住1.Dontapproachtoaworkofartinsuchaspirit.2.Theboywasabsorbedbuildingadaminthebrook.3.Iwasimpressedatthezealwithwhichhespokeoftheplan.4.Thegentlemaninsistedatmyreceivingthemoney.5.Atlastwereachedtothevillageatthefootofthehillinwithon6.Becausethe
28、helpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.7.When a young man starts to earn his own living ,he can no longer expect others to pay his food .8. Iimagineyoullbeatvacationyourselfbythattime.offoron考点剖析考点剖析 :(1)在一些固定短语中,介在一些固定短语中,介词的误用词的误用 是很常见的题型是很常见的题型.(2)介词与连词或副词的混介词与连词或副词的混用用.(3)及物动词之后介词的多用及物动词之后介词的多用或不
29、及物动词之后介词的漏用或不及物动词之后介词的漏用.解析方案解析方案:(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知平时的学习中注意积累语言知识,特别是一些固定搭配的记忆识,特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练,分清连词,副强化语法训练,分清连词,副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能词和介词之间的区别和句法功能 . (3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来起来 .七、句子成分多分析七、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析,
30、才能找出用词不当的错误。析,才能找出用词不当的错误。2008年安徽卷年安徽卷:Shelookedatmeandstartedtolaugh.“Howareyoulaughing?”Iasked.2007天津卷:天津卷:Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhichdidnttakemybadgradesasajudgementofmyabilities,butwho/thatWhy1.MyroommatelivesinasmalltownincentralMissouri,aquiettownwhichIwouldliketolivemyself.2.TheUnitedS
31、tatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoofthoseareseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.3.Thesephotoswillshowyouhowourvillagelookslike.4.Icannotmakesenseofthathesaidatthemeeting.wherewhichwhatwhat八、逻辑错误须关注八、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误,如称谓上的逻辑性错误,如称谓上的张冠李戴张冠李戴。2006四川卷:四川卷:Thatnight,we
32、satdowntowhattheythoughtwouldbeapleasant,uninterruptedmeals.NMET2005:Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.wetheir3.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.4.Hewillstaythereoneandtwodays.5.Theremaynotbemuchchoicebetweenthison
33、eorthat.andorand考点剖析考点剖析: (1)并列连并列连but ,and ,or, so 等等词的混用,常常出现在改错题中。词的混用,常常出现在改错题中。(2)并列连词和从属连词的混用。并列连词和从属连词的混用。(3)平行结构方面的错误。平行结构方面的错误。常考的错误形式有:常考的错误形式有:连词连词but,and,or和和so的用的用法错误,以及法错误,以及冠词冠词的用法错误等。的用法错误等。2oo7全国全国II:ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsImdoingattheschool2007四川卷:四川卷:AnAustra
34、lianfarmerfoundthekangaroocaughtinthefencearoundhisfarms.aa九、冠词、连词常光顾九、冠词、连词常光顾3.IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIwentbacktoschoolasnewperson.4,Withcomingofspring,grassandtreesturngreen.5.When a child is five in England or Wales, his parents must send him to the school .6.After a hour or so we began to f
35、eel very frightened.athean2007浙江卷:浙江卷:TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.2006辽宁卷:辽宁卷:Shealwaysmadesurethatourhomeworkwasfinishedontime,butshemarkedstrictlyonouractualperformance.2007四川卷:四川卷:Hethoughtthepooranimalwasinjured,butthekindfarmertookoffhisjacketandputontheanimal.whenandso
36、1.30percentofgirlswouldliketobecometeacherswhenonly5percentofboyswanttodothisjob.2.Webecomemoreandmoreimpatientofinterruptionswhentheyearsgoon.3.ItwasnotuntilitbegantorainwhenInoticedhisumbrellaleftinmycar.whileasthat冗词的多用冗词的多用1.Last summer ,I went to Beijing, my first time trip to the city. 2.Two y
37、ears later, he returned back home.3. It is about 200 miles far away from London.4)Manystudentsfeelitthatapopularteachermustbekindandeasy-going.5.Thegirlisproudofthatherfamilyiswelldescended.6.Likemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters-inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.7.Wemaybeonefamilyandl
38、iveunderthesameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.8.(02春季春季)Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouroclockinthemorning.9.Eveningcamedown.10.(NMET03)ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese.At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his1._father to choose a Christmas tree.
39、 They choose 2._a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!3._They put them in the corner of the sitting4._on_chose_tall_it动词形动词形介词短语常常考,习惯用法要记住介词短语常常考,习惯用法要记住还要注意形和副还要注意形和副代词格,细领悟代词格,细领悟2009高考英语短文改错模拟训练高考英语短文改错模拟训练room. Kate was covered it with a lot of5._Christmas light. The sitting room looke
40、d6. _really beautifully at the moment. There was 7. _a fire burn in the fire place, and the Christmas8. _tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim or his9. _parents singing and dancing happily.10._was_lights_beautifulwere动词形动词形还要注意形和副还要注意形和副动词形动词形名词数名词数2009高考英语短文改错模拟训练高考英语短文改错模拟训练逻辑错误须关注逻辑错误须关注and非谓语,
41、细辨别非谓语,细辨别burning短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题1.在有错行改动一词。在有错行改动一词。2.改变实词形式,不能将一个实词换成改变实词形式,不能将一个实词换成另一个实词另一个实词.3.最小限度地改变单词形式最小限度地改变单词形式.4.添加或删除虚词添加或删除虚词(如冠词,介词等如冠词,介词等).5.多改正,少添加或删除多改正,少添加或删除.6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.四不改:四不改:1.单词拼写不改单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改大小写不改.3.词序不改词序不改.4.标点符号不改标点符号不改.DearAlice,Ihavejustgotso
42、megoodnewstotelltoyou. 1._Iwinanationalprizeforpaintinglastweek. 2._Myfatherwassopleasingthathesuggested 3._IgotoEnglandforaholiday.Idliketostaying 4._thereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterest 5._orpracticingmyEnglishaswell.Wevebeen 6._第二个第二个to删去删去win-wonpleasing-pleasedstaying-stayplace-placesor-andWritingtoeachfornearlyayearnow.Ihave 7._oftendreamedoftalkfacetofacefacewithyou. 8._Iimagineyoullbeatvacationyourselfbythat 9._time.Perhapswecouldgoouttodosome 10._sightseeingtogether.Bestwishes!Lilyeach后加后加othertalk-talkingat-on